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Guo Y, Han J, Bao H, Wu Y, Shen L, Xu X, Chen Z, Smith P, Abdalla M. A systematic analysis and review of soil organic carbon stocks in urban greenspaces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174788. [PMID: 39019284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Urban greenspaces typically refer to urban wetland, urban forest and urban turfgrass. They play a critical role in carbon sequestration by absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; however, their capacity to retain and store carbon in the form of soil organic carbon (SOC) varies significantly. This study provides a systematic analysis and review on the capacity of different urban greenspace types in retaining and storing SOC in 30 cm soil depth on a global scale. Data came from 78 publications on the subject of SOC stocks, covering different countries and climate zones. Overall, urban greenspace types exerted significant influences on the spatial pattern of SOC stocks, with the highest value of 18.86 ± 11.57 kg m-2 (mean ± standard deviation) in urban wetland, followed by urban forest (6.50 ± 3.65 kg m-2), while the lowest mean value of 4.24 ± 3.28 kg m-2 was recorded in urban turfgrass soil. Soil organic carbon stocks in each urban greenspace type were significantly affected by climate zones, management/environmental settings, and selected soil properties (i.e. soil bulk density, pH and clay content). Furthermore, our analysis showed a significantly negative correlation between SOC stocks and human footprint in urban wetland, but a significantly positive relationship in urban forest and urban turfgrass. A positive correlation between SOC stocks and human footprint indicates that increased human activity and development can enhance SOC stocks through effective management and green infrastructure. Conversely, a negative correlation suggests that improper management of human activities can degrade SOC stocks. This highlights the need for sustainable practices to maintain or enhance SOC accumulation in urban greenspaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Research Institute for Urban Planning and Sustainability, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China; School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiatong Han
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haijun Bao
- Research Institute for Urban Planning and Sustainability, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Yuzhe Wu
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyin Shen
- Research Institute for Urban Planning and Sustainability, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xiangrui Xu
- Research Institute for Urban Planning and Sustainability, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Research Institute for Urban Planning and Sustainability, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Mohamed Abdalla
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
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2
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Liu Y, Qin F, Li L, Dong X, Liu L, Yang L. The Long-Term Effects of Barren Land Afforestation on Plant Productivity, Soil Fertility, and Soil Moisture in China: A Meta-Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1614. [PMID: 38931046 PMCID: PMC11207343 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
As global ecological degradation intensifies, the long-term impacts of afforestation on productivity and soil fertility in barren lands have become critical in improving global ecological security and productivity. Through meta-analysis, this study integrates data from 109 barren land afforestation sites across China, aiming to comprehensively analyze the effects on plant productivity and soil fertility while identifying the key environmental drivers of these changes. We found that afforestation consistently enhances plant productivity across 60 years. However, soil fertility and moisture initially surged significantly after afforestation but gradually declined after the first decade, indicating the limited long-term benefits. Climatic factors, namely precipitation and humidity index, are crucial in enhancing plant productivity, while geographic factors, specifically lower elevations and gentler slopes, are associated with greater increases in soil fertility. Elevation and slope are two key factors that influence soil moisture after afforestation. These findings highlight the need for ongoing soil management and ecological maintenance in afforestation projects to sustain the soil fertility benefits. Our study provides a robust scientific foundation for afforestation strategies aimed at barren land restoration and offers valuable insights for policy formulation in barren land afforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Liu
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
- Tongliao Forestry and Grassland Bureau Horqin District Branch, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Fucang Qin
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
- Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010010, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Bureau for Desert Ecosystem Protection and Rehabilitation, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Bureau for Desert Ecosystem Protection and Rehabilitation, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Linfu Liu
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.L.); (L.L.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Liangping Yang
- Geological Survey Academy of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010020, China;
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3
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Li Y, Fu C, Wang W, Zeng L, Tu C, Luo Y. An overlooked soil carbon pool in vegetated coastal ecosystems: National-scale assessment of soil organic carbon stocks in coastal shelter forests of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162823. [PMID: 36921854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protection and restoration of vegetated coastal ecosystems provide opportunities to mitigate climate change. Coastal shelter forests as one of vegetated coastal ecosystems play vital role on sandy coasts protection, but less attention is paid on their soil organic carbon (OC) sequestration potential. Here, we provide the first national-scale assessment of the soil OC stocks, fractions, sources and accumulation rates from 48 sites of shelter forests and 74 sites of sandy beaches across 22° of latitude in China. We find that, compared with sandy beaches, shelter forest plantation achieves an average soil desalination rate of 92.0 % and reduces the soil pH by 1.3 units. The improved soil quality can facilitate OC sequestration leading to an increase of soil OC stock of 11.8 (0.60-64.2) MgC ha-1 in shelter forests. Particulate OC (POC) is a dominant OC fraction in both sandy beaches and shelter forests, but most sites are >80 % in shelter forests. The low δ13C values and higher C:N ratios, which are more regulated by climate and tree species, together with high POC proportions suggest a substantial contribution of plant-derived OC. Bayesian mixing model indicates that 71.8 (33.5-91.6)% of the soil OC is derived from local plant biomass. We estimate that soil OC stocks in Chinese shelter forests are 20.5 (7.44-79.7) MgC ha-1 and 4.53 ± 0.71 TgC in the top meter, with an accumulation rate of 45.0 (6.90 to 194.1) gC m-2 year-1 and 99.5 ± 44.9 GgC year-1. According to coastal shelter forest afforestation plan, additional 1.72 ± 0.27 TgC with a rate of 37.9 ± 17.1 GgC year-1 can be sequestrated in the future. Our findings suggest that construction of coastal shelter forests can be an effective solution to sequester more soil carbon in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chuancheng Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Lin Zeng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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Petaja G, Bārdule A, Zalmanis J, Lazdiņa D, Daugaviete M, Skranda I, Zvaigzne ZA, Purviņa D. Changes in Organic Carbon Stock in Soil and Whole Tree Biomass in Afforested Areas in Latvia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2264. [PMID: 37375889 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the soil organic carbon (SOC) and whole tree biomass carbon (C), soil bulk density (BD) as well as changes in these parameters in afforested areas in Latvia. The study covered 24 research sites in afforested areas-juvenile forest stands dominated by Scots pine, Norway spruce and Silver birch. The initial measurements were conducted in 2012 and repeated in 2021. The results show that afforestation mostly leads to a general decrease in soil BD and SOC stock in 0-40 cm soil layer and an increase in C stock in tree biomass across afforested areas with various tree species, soil types, and former land uses. The physical and chemical properties of the soil could explain the differences in changes in soil BD and SOC caused by afforestation, as well as the impact of past land use may have persisted. When comparing the changes in SOC stock with the increase in C stock in tree biomass due to afforestation, taking into account the decrease in soil BD and the resulting elevation of soil surface level, the afforested areas at juvenile development stage can be considered a net C sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guna Petaja
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Riga Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Arta Bārdule
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Riga Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Juris Zalmanis
- Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela Street 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Dagnija Lazdiņa
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Riga Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Mudrīte Daugaviete
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Riga Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Ilona Skranda
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Riga Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Zaiga Anna Zvaigzne
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Riga Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Dana Purviņa
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Riga Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
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5
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Yang F, Zhong Y, Han G, Li X, Luo L, Cai X, Long X, Li T, Huang L. Effect of different vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon dynamics and fractions in the Rainy Zone of Western China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117296. [PMID: 36642043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation restoration on purple soil (Eutric Leptic Regosols) slopes aiming at reducing soil erosion in the Rainy Zone of Western China has significantly altered soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and distribution. A better understanding of the effects of different vegetation restoration types on SOC dynamics and fractions is critical in devising better policy to protect or enhance SOC stocks to improve soil quality and ecosystem function. In the present study, total, labile, and non-labile organic carbon (TOC, LC, and NLC), and carbon management index (CMI) of Cryptomeria fortunei (CF), mixed C. fortunei and Betula luminifera (MF), Neosinocalamus affinis (NA), and Camellia sinensis (CS) were compared with those of Zea mays field (ZM) on purple soil slopes in the Rainy Zone of Western China in order to develop more effective ways to implement vegetation restoration in the future. Different vegetation restoration types (CF, MF, NA and CS) increased TOC stock by 47.79%-118.31% and NLC stock by 56.61%-129.52% in the 0-50 cm soil layer compared with that of ZM. The direction and magnitude of changes in LC stock and CMI, however, depended strongly on the vegetation restoration type. Compared with ZM, CF had the largest increase of LC stock and CMI, whereas NA had the largest decrease of LC stock and CMI in the 0-50 cm soil layer. The LC:TOC ratio in four reforested species all declined significantly compared with that of ZM (p < 0.01), indicating decreased SOC activity after afforestation. The vegetation type and soil depth together explained more than 90% of the changes of TOC and its fractions in the plantations on purple soil slopes. Our study demonstrates that transforming the ZM into the CS is optimal to achieve the sustainable development goal, whereas transforming the ZM into the NA reduces the SOC activity and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Laboratory of Simulation on Soil Process, College of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Yujian Zhong
- Laboratory of Simulation on Soil Process, College of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Guangzhong Han
- Laboratory of Simulation on Soil Process, College of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Xiuzhi Li
- Laboratory of Simulation on Soil Process, College of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Li Luo
- Laboratory of Simulation on Soil Process, College of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Laboratory of Simulation on Soil Process, College of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Xinyu Long
- Laboratory of Simulation on Soil Process, College of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Tangli Li
- Laboratory of Simulation on Soil Process, College of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Laiming Huang
- Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
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6
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Zhang X, Zhang WC, Wu W, Liu HB. Horizontal and vertical variation of soil clay content and its controlling factors in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161141. [PMID: 36566848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Detailed information on the variation of soil clay content at different soil depths are important for water repellency, management of soil fertility, and crop growth. However, studies on the variation of soil clay content at different depths at large scales are limited. In this study, 1446 soil profiles covering most areas of China were extracted from the World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) database and classified into 0-20, 20-60, and 60-100 cm depths using the equal-area quadratic splines. Random forest (RF) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were used to investigate the relationship between soil clay content and environmental factors (climate, topography, land use, and soil types). The results showed that soil clay content and its variability increased with soil depth. The RF model predicted soil clay content at the three soil depths. The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) ranged from 6.95 % to 8.74 %, 8.90 % to 11.30 %, 42 % to 46 %, and 56 % to 59 %, respectively. Mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), solar radiation (solarR), and elevation were the key factors that controlled the variation of soil clay content at depths of 0-20, 20-60, and 60-100 cm. In addition, the main effect values of SHAP can identify environmental thresholds consistent with significant areas by capturing the relationship between soil clay content and MAT, MAP, solarR, and elevation. Significant differences were found in soil clay content on both sides of the threshold at MAT of 15 °C, MAP of 800 mm, solarR of 15,000 Jm-2 yr-1, and elevation of 1200 m. The results provide clues to the management of national soil security under global and regional climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wei-Chun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Li B, Yang G. Stream water quality optimized prediction based on human activity intensity and landscape metrics with regional heterogeneity in Taihu Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4986-5004. [PMID: 35978234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The driving effects of landscape metrics on water quality have been acknowledged widely, however, the guiding significance of human activity intensity and landscape metrics based on reference conditions for water environment management remains to be explored. Thus, we used the self-organized map, long- and short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm, and geographic detectors to simulate the response of human activity intensity and landscape metrics to water quality in Taihu Lake Basin, China. Fitting results of LSTM displayed that the accuracy was acceptable, and scenario 2 (regional heterogeneity) was more efficient than scenario 1 (regional consistent) in the improvement of water quality. In the driving analysis for the reference conditions, clusters I and II (urban agglomeration areas) were mainly affected by the amount of production wastewater per unit of developed land and the amount of livelihood wastewater per unit of developed land, respectively. Their optimal values were 0.09 × 103 t/km2 (reduction of 35.71%) and 0.2 × 103 t/km2 (reduction of 4.76%). Cluster III (agricultural production areas) was mainly affected by interference intensity, and the optimal value was 2.17 (increased 38.22%), and cluster IV (ecological forest areas) was mainly affected by the fragmentation of cropland, and the optimal value was 1.14 (reduction of 1.72%). The research provides a reference for the prediction of water quality response and presents an ecological and economic sustainability way for watershed governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Guishan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China.
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8
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Understory Plant Abundance Is More Important than Species Richness in Explaining Soil Nutrient Variation Following Afforestation on the Eastern Loess Plateau, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Afforestation plays an important role in controlling soil erosion and nutrient loss on the Loess Plateau in China. However, previous studies on soil nutrient changes have mainly focused on the effects of tree species, whereas little is known about how changes in shrubs and herbs caused by afforestation drive soil nutrient changes. In this study, we examined the variation characteristics of understory vegetation and soil nutrients for different vegetation types. The results showed that compared to abandoned farmland, plantations significantly increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen but had no significant effect on total phosphorus. Robinia pseudoacacia L. forests were more effective than Pinus tabuliformis Carr. forests in increasing soil nutrient content. In addition, herbaceous vegetation in the R. pseudoacacia forest better explained the soil nutrient variation, and herb abundance was the best explanatory variable; however, shrub vegetation contributed more to soil nutrient variation in the P. tabuliformis forest, and shrub abundance contributed the most. Accordingly, we determined that understory plant abundance, rather than species richness, may be the most important factor driving soil nutrient changes. Specifically, herb abundance in the R. pseudoacacia forest may drive soil nutrient changes mainly by regulating herb biomass and litter biomass. By contrast, shrub abundance in the P. tabuliformis forest indirectly affected soil organic carbon mainly by altering shrub biomass. Furthermore, although the phylogenetic relationships had less effect on soil nutrients than species composition, they also made important contributions. Therefore, the phylogenetic relationships should also be considered in addition to species composition when assessing the impact of vegetation on soil properties in the future.
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9
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Zhao X, Liu P, Feng Y, Zhang W, Njoroge B, Long F, Zhou Q, Qu C, Gan X, Liu X. Changes in Soil Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties During Natural Succession: A Case Study in Lower Subtropical China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878908. [PMID: 35720552 PMCID: PMC9204105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation succession can change the function and quality of the soil. Exploring the changes in soil properties during secondary forest restoration is of great significance to promote forest restoration and improve the ecological service function of subtropical ecosystems in South China. In this study, we chose three typical forests in subtropical China as restoration sequences, broadleaf-conifer mixed forest (EF), broad-leaved forest (MF), and old-growth forest (LF), to study the changes in soil physico-chemical and biological properties and the changes of soil comprehensive quality during the secondary succession of subtropical forest. The results showed that the soil physical structure was optimized with the progress of forest succession. The soil bulk density decreased gradually with the progress of forest restoration, which was significantly affected by soil organic carbon (p < 0.01). In LF, the soil moisture increased significantly (p < 0.05), and its value can reach 47.85 ± 1.93%, which is consistent with the change of soil porosity. With the recovery process, soil nutrients gradually accumulated. Except for total phosphorus (TP), there was obvious surface enrichment of soil nutrients. Soil organic carbon (15.43 ± 2.28 g/kg), total nitrogen (1.08 ± 0.12 g/kg), and total phosphorus (0.43 ± 0.03 g/kg) in LF were significantly higher than those in EF (p < 0.05). The soil available nutrients, that is, soil available phosphorus and available potassium decreased significantly in LF (p < 0.05). In LF, more canopy interception weakened the P limitation caused by atmospheric acid deposition, so that the soil C:P (37.68 ± 4.76) and N:P (2.49 ± 0.24) in LF were significantly lower than those in EF (p < 0.05). Affected by TP and moisture, microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N increased significantly in LF, and the mean values were 830.34 ± 30.34 mg/kg and 46.60 ± 2.27 mg/kg, respectively. Further analysis showed that total soil porosity (TSP) and TP (weighted value of 0.61) contributed the most to the final soil quality index (SQI). With the forest restoration, the SQI gradually increased, especially in LF the value of SQI was up to 0.84, which was significantly higher than that in EF and MF (p < 0.05). This result is of great significance to understanding the process of restoration of subtropical forests and improving the management scheme of subtropical secondary forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiling Liu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Feng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brian Njoroge
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengling Long
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhua Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Bateman IJ, Anderson K, Argles A, Belcher C, Betts RA, Binner A, Brazier RE, Cho FHT, Collins RM, Day BH, Duran‐Rojas C, Eisenbarth S, Gannon K, Gatis N, Groom B, Hails R, Harper AB, Harwood A, Hastings A, Heard MS, Hill TC, Inman A, Lee CF, Luscombe DJ, MacKenzie AR, Mancini MC, Morison JIL, Morris A, Quine CP, Snowdon P, Tyler CR, Vanguelova EI, Wilkinson M, Williamson D, Xenakis G. A review of planting principles to identify the right place for the right tree for ‘net zero plus’ woodlands: Applying a place‐based natural capital framework for sustainable, efficient and equitable (
SEE
) decisions. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Bateman
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Karen Anderson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter, Penryn Campus Cornwall UK
| | - Arthur Argles
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Claire Belcher
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Richard A. Betts
- University of Exeter Global Systems Institute Exeter UK
- Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter UK
| | - Amy Binner
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Richard E. Brazier
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Frankie H. T. Cho
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Rebecca M. Collins
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Brett H. Day
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Carolina Duran‐Rojas
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Sabrina Eisenbarth
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Kate Gannon
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Naomi Gatis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Ben Groom
- Dragon Capital Chair in Biodiversity Economics, Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | | | - Anna B. Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Amii Harwood
- Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Astley Hastings
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | | | - Timothy C. Hill
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Alex Inman
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Christopher F. Lee
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - David J. Luscombe
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Angus R. MacKenzie
- Director, Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Mattia C. Mancini
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | | | - Aaron Morris
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station Roslin UK
| | | | - Pat Snowdon
- Head of Economics and Woodland Carbon Code, Scottish Forestry Edinburgh UK
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Williamson
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
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Variability in Soil Macronutrient Stocks across a Chronosequence of Masson Pine Plantations. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plantations play a vital role in the global nutrient cycle because they have large stocks of soil macronutrients. However, the impacts of plantations on soil macronutrient stocks combined with stand age and soil physicochemical properties have not been well quantified. We compared soil macronutrient stocks at soil depths of 0−20 and 20−40 cm across a 7-, 14-, 25-, and 30-year chronosequence of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) plantations. The results showed that the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) stocks first increased and then decreased with stand age. The highest N and P stocks were observed in the 14-year-old plantation, and the 25-year-old plantation displayed the highest K stock. The C, N, and P stocks declined with increasing soil depth across all sites, whereas the reverse trend was found in the K stock. Carbon stocks were highest for all plantations, followed by the K, N, and P stocks. Plantation soils exhibited a higher C:P ratio and a lower P:K ratio at various soil depths. The dominant controlling factors for the soil macronutrient stocks varied significantly at different stand ages and soil depths according to statistical analysis. For the total soil system, the C stock was affected by the available nutrients, organic matter, and stoichiometry; the available nutrients and organic matter were the determinant factors of the N and P stocks. Aggregate stability could be the primary parameter affecting the K stock. Organic matter explained most of the variation in soil macronutrient stocks, followed by the P:K ratio and available K. Collectively, our results suggest that the response of soil macronutrient stocks to stand age and soil depth will be dependent on different soil physicochemical properties, and P and K may be important limiting factors in Masson pine plantation ecosystems.
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Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Afforested Agricultural Land in Lithuanian Hemiboreal Forest Zone. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the specificity of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in afforested land, nutrient-poor Arenosols and nutrient-rich Luvisols after afforestation with coniferous and deciduous tree species were studied in comparison to the same soils of croplands and grasslands. This study analysed the changes in SOC stock up to 30 years after afforestation of agricultural land in Lithuania, representing the cool temperate moist climate region of Europe. The SOC stocks were evaluated by applying the paired-site design. The mean mass and SOC stocks of the forest floor in afforested Arenosols increased more than in Luvisols. Almost twice as much forest floor mass was observed in coniferous than in deciduous stands 2–3 decades after afforestation. The mean bulk density of fine (<2 mm) soil in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer of croplands was higher than in afforested sites and grasslands. The clear decreasing trend in mean bulk density due to forest stand age with the lowest values in the 21–30-year-old stands was found in afforested Luvisols. In contrast, the SOC concentrations in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer, especially in Luvisols afforested with coniferous species, showed an increasing trend due to the influence of stand age. The mean SOC values in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer of Arenosols and Luvisols during the 30 years after afforestation did not significantly differ from the adjacent croplands or grasslands. The mean SOC stock slightly increased with the forest stand age in Luvisols; however, the highest mean SOC stock was detected in the grasslands. In the Arenosols, there was higher SOC accumulation in the forest floor with increasing stand age than in the Luvisols, while the proportion of SOC stocks in mineral topsoil layers was similar and more comparable to grasslands. These findings suggest encouragement of afforestation of former agricultural land under the current climate and soil characteristics in the region, but the conversion of perennial grasslands to forest land should be done with caution.
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