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Mondal SK, Aina P, Rownaghi AA, Rezaei F. Cooperative and Bifunctional Adsorbent-Catalyst Materials for In-situ VOCs Capture-Conversion. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300419. [PMID: 38116915 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gases that are emitted into the air from products or processes and are major components of air pollution that significantly deteriorate air quality and seriously affect human health. Different types of metals, metal oxides, mixed-metal oxides, polymers, activated carbons, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and mixed-matrixed materials have been developed and used as adsorbent or catalyst for diversified VOCs detection, removal, and destruction. In this comprehensive review, we first discuss the general classification of VOCs removal materials and processes and outline the historical development of bifunctional and cooperative adsorbent-catalyst materials for the removal of VOCs from air. Subsequently, particular attention is devoted to design of strategies for cooperative adsorbent-catalyst materials, along with detailed discussions on the latest advances on these bifunctional materials, reaction mechanisms, long-term stability, and regeneration for VOCs removal processes. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for the environmental implementation of these bifunctional materials are identified and outlined with the intent of providing insightful guidance on the design and fabrication of more efficient materials and systems for VOCs removal in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta K Mondal
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-1230, United States
| | - Peter Aina
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-1230, United States
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, United States
| | - Ali A Rownaghi
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, United States
| | - Fateme Rezaei
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-1230, United States
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, United States
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2
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Jing D, Yang K, Shi Z, Cai X, Li S, Li W, Wang Q. Novel approach for identifying VOC emission characteristics based on mobile monitoring platform data and deep learning: Application of source apportionment in a chemical industrial park. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29077. [PMID: 38628757 PMCID: PMC11019163 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Refined volatile organic compound (VOC) emission characteristics are crucial for accurate source apportionment in chemical industrial parks. The data from mobile monitoring platforms in chemical industrial parks contain pollution information that is not intuitively displayed, requiring further excavation. A novel approach was proposed to identify VOC emission characteristics using the class activation map (CAM) technology of convolutional neural network (CNN), which was applied on the mobile monitoring platform data (MD) derived from a typical fine chemical industrial park. It converts a large amount of monitoring data with high spatiotemporal complexity into simple and interpretable characteristic maps, effectively improving the identification effect of VOC emission characteristics, supporting more accurate source apportionment of VOC pollution around the park. Using this method, the VOC emission characteristics of eight key factories were identified. VOC source apportionment in the park was conducted for one day using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and seven combined factor profiles (CFPs) were calculated. Based on the identified VOC emission characteristics, the main pollution sources and their contributions to surrounding schools and residential areas were determined, revealing that one pesticide factory (named LKA) had the highest contribution ratio. The source apportionment results indicated that the impact of the chemical industrial park on the surrounding areas varied from morning to afternoon, which to some extent reflected the intermittent production methods employed for fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deji Jing
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kexuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhanhong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingnong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sujing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
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3
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He J, Shen H, Lei T, Chen Y, Meng J, Sun H, Li M, Wang C, Ye J, Zhu L, Zhou Z, Shen G, Guan D, Fu TM, Yang X, Tao S. Investigation of Plant-Level Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Chemical Industry Highlights the Importance of Differentiated Control in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21295-21305. [PMID: 38064660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The chemical industry is a significant source of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), pivotal precursors to ambient ozone (O3), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Despite their importance, precise estimation of these emissions remains challenging, impeding the implementation of NMVOC controls. Here, we present the first comprehensive plant-level assessment of NMVOC emissions from the chemical industry in China, encompassing 3461 plants, 127 products, and 50 NMVOC compounds from 2010 to 2019. Our findings revealed that the chemical industry in China emitted a total of 3105 (interquartile range: 1179-8113) Gg of NMVOCs in 2019, with a few specific products accounting for the majority of the emissions. Generally, plants engaged in chemical fibers production or situated in eastern China pose a greater risk to public health due to their higher formation potentials of O3 and SOA or their proximity to residential areas or both. We demonstrated that targeting these high-risk plants for emission reduction could enhance health benefits by 7-37% per unit of emission reduction on average compared to the current situation. Consequently, this study provides essential insights for developing effective plant-specific NMVOC control strategies within China's chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling He
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianyang Lei
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, U.K
| | - Haitong Sun
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1 EW, U.K
- Centre for Sustainable Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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4
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Qin Z, Xu B, Zheng Z, Li L, Zhang G, Li S, Geng C, Bai Z, Yang W. Integrating ambient carbonyl compounds provides insight into the constrained ozone formation chemistry in Zibo city of the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121294. [PMID: 36796669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the impact of carbonyl compounds (carbonyls) on ozone (O3) photochemical formation is crucial to formulating targeted O3 mitigation strategies. To investigate the emission source of ambient carbonyls and their integrated observational constraint on the impact of O3 formation chemistry, a field campaign was conducted in an industrial city (Zibo) of the North China Plain from August to September 2020. The site-to-site variations of OH reactivity for carbonyls were in accordance with the sequence of Beijiao (BJ, urban, 4.4 s-1) > Xindian (XD, suburban, 4.2 s-1) > Tianzhen (TZ, suburban, 1.6 s-1). A 0-D box model (MCMv3.3.1) was applied to assess the O3-precursor relationship influenced by measured carbonyls. It was found that without carbonyls constraint, the O3 photochemical production of the three sites was underestimated to varying degrees, and the biases of overestimating the VOC-limited degree were also identified through a sensitivity test to NOx emission changes, which may be associated with the reactivity of carbonyls. In addition, the results of the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model indicated that the main source of aldehydes and ketones was secondary formation and background (81.6% for aldehydes, 76.8% for ketones), followed by traffic emission (11.0% for aldehydes, 14.0% for ketones). Incorporated with the box model, we found that biogenic emission contributed the most to the O3 production at the three sites, followed by traffic emission as well as industry and solvent usage. Meanwhile, the relative incremental reactivity (RIR) values of O3 precursor groups from diverse VOC emission sources featured consistencies and differences at the three sites, which further highlights the importance of the synergetic mitigation of target O3 precursors at regional and local scales. This study will help to provide targeted policy-guiding O3 control strategies for other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Shandong Zibo Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Zibo, 255040, China
| | - Zhensen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Liming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guotao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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5
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Jiang C, Pei C, Cheng C, Shen H, Zhang Q, Lian X, Xiong X, Gao W, Liu M, Wang Z, Huang B, Tang M, Yang F, Zhou Z, Li M. Emission factors and source profiles of volatile organic compounds from typical industrial sources in Guangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161758. [PMID: 36702262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). An accurate depiction of the emission characteristics of VOCs is the key to formulating VOC control strategies. In this study, the VOC emission factors and source profiles in five industrial sectors were developed using large-scale field measurements conducted in Guangzhou, China (100 samples for the emission factors and 434 samples for the source profile measurements). The emission factors based on the actual measurement method and the material balance method were 1.6-152.4 kg of VOCs per ton of raw materials (kg/t) and 3.1-242.2 kg/t, respectively. The similarities between the emission factors obtained using these two methods were examined, which showed a coefficient of divergence (CD) of 0.34-0.72. Among the 33 subdivided VOC source profiles developed in this study, sources including light guide plate (LGP), photoresist mask, and plastic products were the first time developed in China. Due to regional diversities in terms of production technologies, materials, and products, the emission characteristics of the VOCs varied, even in the same sector, thereby demonstrating the importance of developing localized source profiles of VOCs. The ozone formation potential (OFP) of the shipbuilding and repair sector from fugitive emissions was the highest value among all the industrial sectors. Controlling the emissions of aromatics and OVOCs was critical to reducing the O3 growth momentum in industrial sectors. In addition, 1,2-dibromoethane showed high carcinogenic risk potentials (CRPs) during most of the industrial sectors and should be prioritized for controlling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Jiang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chenglei Pei
- Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qianhua Zhang
- Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Lian
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Tang
- Guangdong MS Institute of Scientific Instrument Innovation, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Pudong New District, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, PR China.
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6
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Huang Y, Che X, Jin D, Xiu G, Duan L, Wu Y, Gao S, Duan Y, Fu Q. Mobile monitoring of VOCs and source identification using two direct-inlet MSs in a large fine and petroleum chemical industrial park. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153615. [PMID: 35124043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mobile monitoring with direct-inlet MS (DI-MS), one of the most direct and effective ways to track emission sources, can effectively serve air quality management in chemical industrial parks (CIPs). Mobile monitoring using a high mass-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight MS (HMR-PTR-TOFMS) and single-photon ionization time-of-flight MS (SPI-TOFMS) was conducted in a large fine and petroleum CIP in eastern China for three days. The high mixing ratios of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), aromatics, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), and nitrogenous VOCs (NVOCs) were found in the northeast, middle, north, and northeast of the fine chemical industrial zone (FCIZ), respectively. OVOCs were the most abundant VOC group in this area. Abnormal emissions of aromatics were universal throughout the CIP. We discovered 38 characteristic VOCs by the HMR-PTR-TOFMS, mainly including C6-C10 aromatics, C2-C6 carbonyls, C2-C3 organic acids, and some NVOCs. The time series and spatial distribution of the TVOCs obtained by the two DI-MSs are generally consistent. A comparison of the speciated VOCs at the TVOC peak points illustrates that the characteristic VOCs obtained by different instruments differed significantly: PTR-TOFMS showed an advantage in measuring aromatics and OVOCs; SPI-TOFMS showed an advantage in measuring aromatics and some Ahs; offline GC-MS showed an advantage in measuring AHs, aromatics, some OVOCs, and halohydrocarbons. Similarities were compared between five positive matrix factorization (PMF) model-based fingerprints of VOCs in a previous study and observed profiles of VOCs from mobile monitoring. The emission sources of the five fingerprints were identified and validated: two were widely distributed, one was a chemical reagent production factory, one was an acrylic fiber production plant, and one was a pesticide factory. This study demonstrated methods for analyzing mobile monitoring data, characterizing the VOCs in the fine and petroleum CIP, correlating the results of stationary observation and mobile monitoring, and integrating the source tracing system with DI-MSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Huang
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Jianke Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Xiang Che
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Guangli Xiu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lian Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Song Gao
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China.
| | - Yusen Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China
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7
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Xia Z, Xu Z, Li D, Wei J. A Novel Method for Source Tracking of Chemical Gas Leakage: Outlier Mutation Optimization Algorithm. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:71. [PMID: 35009615 PMCID: PMC8747333 DOI: 10.3390/s22010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical industrial parks, which act as critical infrastructures in many cities, need to be responsive to chemical gas leakage accidents. Once a chemical gas leakage accident occurs, risks of poisoning, fire, and explosion will follow. In order to meet the primary emergency response demands in chemical gas leakage accidents, source tracking technology of chemical gas leakage has been proposed and evolved. This paper proposes a novel method, Outlier Mutation Optimization (OMO) algorithm, aimed to quickly and accurately track the source of chemical gas leakage. The OMO algorithm introduces a random walk exploration mode and, based on Swarm Intelligence (SI), increases the probability of individual mutation. Compared with other optimization algorithms, the OMO algorithm has the advantages of a wider exploration range and more convergence modes. In the algorithm test session, a series of chemical gas leakage accident application examples with random parameters are first assumed based on the Gaussian plume model; next, the qualitative experiments and analysis of the OMO algorithm are conducted, based on the application example. The test results show that the OMO algorithm with default parameters has superior comprehensive performance, including the extremely high average calculation accuracy: the optimal value, which represents the error between the final objective function value obtained by the optimization algorithm and the ideal value, reaches 2.464e-15 when the number of sensors is 16; 2.356e-13 when the number of sensors is 9; and 5.694e-23 when the number of sensors is 4. There is a satisfactory calculation time: 12.743 s/50 times when the number of sensors is 16; 10.304 s/50 times when the number of sensors is 9; and 8.644 s/50 times when the number of sensors is 4. The analysis of the OMO algorithm's characteristic parameters proves the flexibility and robustness of this method. In addition, compared with other algorithms, the OMO algorithm can obtain an excellent leakage source tracing result in the application examples of 16, 9 and 4 sensors, and the accuracy exceeds the direct search algorithm, evolutionary algorithm, and other swarm intelligence algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Xia
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Z.X.); (D.L.); (J.W.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengyi Xu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Z.X.); (D.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Z.X.); (D.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianming Wei
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Z.X.); (D.L.); (J.W.)
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8
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Ma Y, Fu S, Gao S, Zhang S, Che X, Wang Q, Jiao Z. Update on volatile organic compound (VOC) source profiles and ozone formation potential in synthetic resins industry in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118253. [PMID: 34597734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic resin industry plays an important role in Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from industrial sources. However, owing to various products and their different emission characteristics, it is extremely difficult to study the source profiles of synthetic resins. In this study, the product-based pollution characteristics of VOCs from eight synthetic resin enterprises were investigated in Shanghai, China. Up to 133 VOCs were identified, including 106 based on the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) and the Toxic Organics (TO-15) methods, and the remaining 27 were identified based on the new mass spectrometry analysis method. Aromatics (39.7%) and oxygenated VOCs (29.9%) accounted for a relatively high proportion in the synthetic resin industry. The product-based source profiles of each process unit are compiled. Generally, 1,4-dioxane, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, styrene, propane, and dichloromethane are the most abundant species in synthetic resin. Furthermore, the product-based ozone formation potentials (OFPs) and sources reactivity (SR) were calculated, the synthetic resin industry SR range from 0.3 g g-1 to 4.6 g g-1. Results suggest that toluene, benzene, styrene, propylene, ethylene, and oxygenated VOCs (including 1,4-dioxane, methyl isobutyl ketone, and aldehyde) should be preferentially controlled to reduce the OFPs. A three-level classification was established to evaluate the degree of photochemical pollution in different industries. Emission factors were calculated and ranked for eight synthetic resins. A VOC emission inventory of Chinese synthetic resin from 2005 to 2018 was compiled. It is estimated that the Chinese synthetic resin emitted 23.96 Gg of VOCs in 2018. In this study, a product-based VOC source profile and emission inventory of the synthetic resin industry were established for the first time. Finally, combined with product types, processes, and processing equipment, feasible recommendations for reducing VOC emissions in the synthetic resin industry are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shaqi Fu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, National Environmental Protection Shanghai Dianshan Lake Science Observatory Research Station, Shanghai, 200235, China.
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiang Che
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, National Environmental Protection Shanghai Dianshan Lake Science Observatory Research Station, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Qiaoming Wang
- Shanghai Chemical Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai, 200042, China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Uncovering the characteristics of air pollutants emission in industrial parks and analyzing emission reduction potential: case studies in Henan, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23709. [PMID: 34887496 PMCID: PMC8660784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial parks contribute greatly to China’s economic development while emitting huge air pollutants. It is necessary to study the characteristics of air pollutant emissions in industrial parks. In this study, emission inventories for 11 industrial parks were established. Meanwhile, the source emission and spatial distribution characteristics of the industrial park were analyzed. The cluster analysis was used to classify these parks into “4Hs”, “Mixed” and “4Ls” parks. “4Hs”, “Mixed” and “4Ls” represent that the levels of energy intensity, economic proportion of energy-intensive industries, coal proportion and pollution performance value are high, medium and low in turn. Then three emission reduction measures were set up to estimate the emission reduction potential and environmental impacts. The results show that: (1) the emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, VOCs and NH3 of 11 industrial parks in 2017 were 11.2, 23.1, 30.8, 8.3, 3.5, 5.1, and 1.1 kt, respectively. (2) Power plants were the largest source of SO2 and NOx emissions, and industrial processes were the largest emission source of CO, PM10, PM2.5, VOCs and NH3. (3) “4Hs” parks with traditional energy-intensive industries as the leading industries should be the emphasis of air pollutant emission reduction. (4) Through the optimal emission reduction measures, SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and VOCs were reduced by 81, 46, 51, 46 and 77%, respectively. Environmental impact reductions include 1.6 kt SO2eq acidified gas emissions, 1.4 kt PO43−eq eutrophication substances, 4.2 kt PM10eq atmospheric particulate emissions, 7.0 kt 1,4-DCEeq human toxic substances, and 5.2 kt PM2.5 eq breathing Inorganic. This study is helpful to understand the characteristics of air pollutants emissions in industrial parks and promotes the proposal and implementation of air pollutant emissions reduction strategies.
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Zhang K, Chang S, Fu Q, Sun X, Fan Y, Zhang M, Tu X, Qadeer A. Occurrence and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in multiple drinking water sources in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112741. [PMID: 34481355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely present in water environment, which can threaten ecological sustainability and human health. The concentrations of VOCs and their ecological risks in drinking water are of great concern to human beings. Therefore, 54 kinds of VOCs were investigated from 58 locations of the Yangtze River Delta Region (Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Huangpu River, Taihu Lake and Jiaxing Urban River). Out of 54 target compounds, only 31 VOCs were detected, with total concentrations ranging from 0.570 to 46.820 μg/L from 58 locations of all drinking water sources. Among all detected VOCs compounds, only toluene and styrene can cause high-level ecological risk at location TH-2 of Taihu Lake. According to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk index, compounds such as 1,2-dichloroethane, bromodichloromethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane posed a higher carcinogenic risk, and 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene and toluene posed a higher non-carcinogenic risk. Olfactory risks of water bodies in the Yangtze River Delta region are negligible. Although the concentrations of VOCs in the Yangtze River Delta region did not exceed national standards in China and guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water, the presence of some ecological and health risks indicated that future monitoring studies and control practices are important to ensure ecological safety of drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Sheng Chang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Qing Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xingbin Sun
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yueting Fan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Moli Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xiang Tu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
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Huang Y, Gao S, Wu S, Che X, Yang Y, Gu J, Tan W, Ruan D, Xiu G, Fu Q. Stationary monitoring and source apportionment of VOCs in a chemical industrial park by combining rapid direct-inlet MSs with a GC-FID/MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148639. [PMID: 34328932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fast and comprehensive monitoring of VOCs, required for air quality management in large-scale chemical industrial parks in China, cannot be accomplished by stationary measurements using conventional GC-FID or GC-MS alone due to their low temporal resolutions and limited detectable ranges. Novel direct-inlet mass spectrometry (DI-MS) has been widely applied for real-time monitoring of VOCs. To verify its applicability in industrial settings, high mass-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight MS (HMR-PTR-TOFMS), single-photon ionization time-of-flight MS (SPI-TOFMS), together with online GC-FID/MS were simultaneously deployed at the boundary of one of the largest chemical industrial parks in eastern China. Aromatics, acetonitrile, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, aliphatic hydrocarbons, 1,2-dichloroethane, and acetone were detected as the main pollutants. These three instruments detected 12 common species, among which ethyl acetate, toluene, C8-aromatics, and methyl ethyl ketone showed similar time series and levels. Acetone, benzene, chlorobenzene, styrene, and C9-aromatics showed only similar time series. The HMR-PTR-TOFMS uniquely detected 14 species, mainly oxidized VOCs, nitriles, and amines, which greatly helps acknowledge the pollutants in the chemical industrial area. Positive matrix factorization, using the HMR-PTR-TOFMS and GC-FID/MS datasets, was used to identify eight sources. Four of the identified sources were mainly detected by the HMR-PTR-TOFMS, with pollutants mainly comprised of nitriles, amines, carbonyls, and organic acids, most of which were hazardous and/or odorous. These four sources accounted for 41.5% and 33.2% of the total VOCs and ozone formation potential, respectively. The complementary nature of GC-FID/MS and HMR-PTR-TOFMS in VOC source apportionment in industrial settings is of great practical use for advanced VOCs abatement. Thus, the high mass resolution DI-MSs are suggested to be a supplementary measurement for fence-line monitoring. Although with a relatively short period attempt, this study has wide implications for the fence-line stationary observational modes and source apportion methods combining with traditional observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Huang
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Song Gao
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China; Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shijian Wu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Xiang Che
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Dinghua Ruan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Guangli Xiu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, State Ecologic Environmental Scientific Observation and Research Station at Dianshan Lake, Shanghai 200235, China
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