Spatial identification and determinants of trade-offs among multiple land use functions in Jiangsu Province, China

Study on the multifunctional spatial-temporal evolution and coupling coordination of cultivated land: A case study of Hebei Province, China

The rational use of cultivated land can guarantee food security and thus is highly important for ensuring social stability, economic development and national security. The current study investigated the multifunctional temporal and spatial variation characteristics of cultivated land and explored the spatial and temporal characteristics of the multifunction and coupling coordination degrees of cultivated land throughout Hebei Province. Based on the administrative division data, statistical yearbook data and land use status data of the impacted areas, a multifunctional evaluation index system of cultivated land was established. The CRITIC weight method and entropy weight method were used to determine the weight of the index, the comprehensive index model was used to determine the production, social security, ecology and landscape functions of cultivated land of Hebei Province in different periods, the coupling coordination model was used to explore the multifunctional coupling coordination degree of cultivated land in each county, and spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to determine the correlation of the multifunctional coupling coordination degrees. From 2000 to 2020, the production, social security and landscape function of cultivated land in Hebei Province trended upward; the ecological function trended slightly downward. The multifunctional coupling coordination degree of cultivated land in Hebei Province trended significantly upward and changed from limited coordination to intermediate coordination. Furthermore, it exhibited strong agglomeration and a significant positive spatial correlation, forming a 'V'-type change rule of first decreasing and then increasing. Hebei Province exhibited remarkable spatial and temporal characteristics of the multifunction and coupling coordination degrees of cultivated land. Regions could thus customize different cultivated land functions to maximize the benefits of cultivated land use. The findings of this study may provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for sustainably using and managing cultivated land resources in areas with similar human geographical environments.

Exploring trade-offs between residential and industrial functions in rural areas and their ecological impacts across transitioning agricultural systems: Evidence from the metropolitan suburbs of China

The rapid transition of agricultural systems substantially affects residential and industrial land use systems in rural areas, often generating spatiotemporal trade-offs between residential and industrial functions and producing considerable ecological impacts, which has thus far not been well understood. We conduct an indicator-based assessment of transitioning agriculture systems, and then links the transitioning agricultural systems to trade-offs between residential and industrial functions from 2005 to 2020 by using a case study-the metropolitan suburbs of Beijing, China. Also, the associated ecological impacts of the trade-offs are characterized based on the calculation of the ecological quality index (EQI) and ecological contribution rate. The results show that trade-offs between residential and industrial functions in the metropolitan suburbs have gradually adapted to the different agricultural systems in transition, which can be characterized by increasing industrial function as well as declining residential function, together with the diversification of land use into a mixed pattern. Additionally, along with the transitioning process comes a U shape of the ecological quality curve, which indicates that relentless industrial sprawl into regions where the agricultural system has a low capacity for technology, as well as decay in rural areas attributed to a rural exodus and industrial decline in semi-subsistence agricultural areas, even cause ecological degradation. In general, trade-offs between residential and industrial functions (especially for the non-agricultural production function) in rural areas could partially and temporally generate unfavorable ecological impacts, but it seems to be a favorable phenomenon to promote ecological quality in the long term. Therefore, to achieve rural sustainable planning, it is necessary for land use management to observe the trade-offs between residential and industrial functions while avoiding negative impacts, such as low-density land use patterns, disordered land use functions, and eco-environmental deterioration. Such effective strategies can contribute to the feasible implementation of policies aiming to achieve the compatible development of liveable residences, highly efficient industrial production, and eco-friendly operations in rural areas.

Characterizing land use transition in China by accounting for the conflicts underlying land use structure and function

Human activities and global changes have undergone significant transformations in land systems. It is imperative to comprehend the intricacies of land use transitions (LUT), as they serve as indicators of the evolving dynamics within the complex human-environmental relationship. In this study, we adopt the conflict-coordination theoretical framework to delve into the role of land-use conflicts (LUC) in driving LUT. Our investigation involves the quantification of LUT and the assessment of LUC within China, spanning from 1980 to 2020. Subsequently, we scrutinized the interplay between LUT and LUC using Spearman correlation analysis and the Wilcoxon test. Our findings reveal that greater diversity in land-use structure can be attributed to ecological land fragmentation and the restoration of unused land, while the expansion of urban and cropland areas contributes to a less diverse land-use pattern. Furthermore, there is a discernible upward trend in land use function. Although the overall degree of LUC in China is relatively mild, there is a noticeable upward trajectory over the past four decades. More pronounced conflicts within land-use patterns promote a diversified land-use pattern, while conflicts arising from competing land-use functions elevate the level of land-use functionality. Moreover, a dynamic interplay between land-use transitions and conflicts becomes evident, with intense conflicts within land-use patterns weakening land-use functionality, and imbalances in functionality driving greater diversity in land-use patterns. Our research introduces an innovative analytical framework that elucidates LUT through the lens of LUC, with the potential for broader applicability across different regions. This framework not only enhances our understanding of LUT but also provides valuable scientific guidance for the effective management of conflicts to promote the sustainable development of land resources.

On the coordination in diversity between water environmental capacity and regional development in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

Water environment capacity has drew the attention of policymakers and stakeholders to sustainable development, and its dynamic changes are ultimately impacted by population, capital, and industrial clusters under regional development. Previous research, however, has not been able to completely comprehend it. In this paper, the authors use the Coupling Coordination Degree model and the Geodetector model to study the temporal and spatial evolution of water environment capacity and its driving mechanism based on regional development represented by regional function including urbanization function, ecological function, and agricultural function using the Three Gorges Reservoir area on county scale as a case study from 2000 to 2015. The results showed that (1) compared with 2000, 2005, and 2010, the water environment capacity of the whole reservoir area in 2015 was significantly improved. (2) The urban functions of each district and county are increasing in different years, and the dynamic changes of ecological and agricultural functions are obviously different. (3) The water environment capacity of districts and counties in the head area. There are significant disparities in the relationship between water environment capacity and regional function in various regions. Differences in water environment capacity are largely influenced by ecological function and the interaction driver of the proportion of agricultural function and urban function, which are typically the biggest of all the components. This suggests that regional development is a top priority in order to improve the operability of the water environmental capacity through more regulation, rules, and planning.

Spatial identification and multilevel zoning of land use functions improve sustainable regional management: a case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

The quantitative identification and zoning management of land use functions (LUFs) are important starting points for solving the problems of resource allocation and sustainable development. In this study, with the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as the case study area, LUFs were grouped into three primary categories: economic function (ENF), social function (SCF), and ecological function (ELF). The least square error model was adopted to identify the morphological changes of LUFs. A two-dimensional discriminant matrix of the dynamic degree of LUF change and terrain niche index was constructed to explain the terrain gradient effect of LUFs. Bivariate local spatial autocorrelation was used to analyze the trade-offs in 2018 between ELF and ENF, and ELF and SCF. Finally, a new multilevel zoning scheme for LUFs was proposed. The results showed that from 1990 to 2018, ENF increased rapidly in cities along the Yangtze River, the overall level of SCF declined, and ELF in the south of the Yangtze River was better than that in the north. LUFs' morphological zoning exhibited significant regional differences. SCF-ELF combination areas and ELF dominance areas were mainly optimized in the second-level zoning. The areas with weak ELF were concentrated in the east of the YREB. Based on these results, nine kinds of LUF zonings and six kinds of major functional zonings were devised, and policy allocation was arranged for each zoning to improve the efficiency of spatial zoning management. Our research provides a reference for large-scale regional sustainable development and land use zoning management.

The Relationship between the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Land Use Function and the Level of Economic and Social Development in the Yangtze River Delta

To explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of land use function and its correlation with social and economic development levels, taking the Yangtze River Delta region as an example, we quantified the multifunctional land use in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2000 to 2020 on a 5 km × 5 km grid and analyzed its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. Each city's comprehensive measure of economic development used the projection tracing method. Person's method of interpretation was used for correlation between the spatial and temporal evolution of land use functions and the level of economic development and its coupling association. The study shows that: (1) from 2000 to 2020, the agricultural production function > ecological function > living function > non-agricultural production function in the Yangtze River Delta, but the non-agricultural production and living functions were gradually increasing, while the agricultural production and ecological functions were decreasing. In terms of spatial distribution, the agricultural production function decreases significantly around the built-up area due to the expansion of the built-up area. The non-agricultural production function strengthened around the central city in a network pattern and had a path-locking effect. Topography limits life functions, with high north and low south partially overlapping with non-agricultural production functions. Furthermore, the ecological function was high in the south and low in the north and continues to weaken due to the interference of human activities. (2) The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of different functions generated trade-offs/synergies. The trade-off relationship was prominent in agricultural production and non-farm production function and living function, and non-farm production and living function and ecological function during the study period. Conversely, agricultural production and ecological functions and non-farm production and subsistence functions were generally synergistic. Spatially, there was substantial spatial heterogeneity in the trade-off/synergy relationship between the two functions. (3) There was a clear correlation and spatial coupling between land use function indices and economic development levels in the whole region and sample zones. Still, the dynamic and regional nature of the evolution of land use functions results in sudden changes and jumps in different functions in space. Therefore, in the future integration of the Yangtze River Delta, it is necessary to pay comprehensive attention to the morphology of different land use functions and their synergy/trade-off relationship and to adjust the spatial governance strategy promptly according to the local conditions and the situation.

Cultivated land multifunctionality in undeveloped peri-urban agriculture areas in China: Implications for sustainable land management

The spatial planning and sustainable management of peri-urban cultivated land are key aspects of national development in many countries because of the continuing expansion of urban areas and deterioration of agro-ecosystem services. Detailed geo-informational investigation of cultivated land multifunctionality and the spatial interactions and dependencies of these multiple functions is required to inform the currently weak theoretical framework of multifunctionality at the peri-urban scale. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to construct a comprehensive methodology to identify and evaluate cultivated land multifunctionality in a spatial context. Geochemical data were used to measure cultivated land multifunctionality. We evaluated two main functions-the productive function and the ecological function-of an undeveloped peri-urban agriculture (PUA) area in the northern fringe of Changchun City in the black-soil region of northeastern China. For the ecological utilization of PUA areas, tradeoff and synergy analyses of cultivated land multifunctionality and coordinated development under complex land-use patterns were measured using a bivariate local Moran's I method. Results reveal considerable spatial heterogeneity in the two functions, with hotspots or coldspots being found in the PUA area. The productive function presents a less pronounced decreasing trend along the rural-to-urban gradient compared with the ecological function. Tradeoffs and synergies between the productive function and the ecological function occur mainly in the northern (more rural) part of the PUA area, where the spatial spillover effect of urbanization is relatively low. Cultivated land functions are strongly affected by urbanization-induced land-use types, and the coordinated areas of the productive function are generally consistent with those of the ecological function. According to these results, we delineate nine zones of multifunctionality in the studied PUA area. Given the importance of harmonizing cultivated land multifunctionality to manage limited land resources in a sustainable way, application of the GIS- and geochemistry-based multifunctionality evaluation scheme proposed in this study should be used to guide peri-urban spatial planning and land-use management and inform the policy arena concerning the transition of land use in urban peripheries.

Using composite system index to identify China's ecological and socio-economic transition zone

Regions with synthetic geographical gradients tend to exhibit distinct ecological transitions. As a compound ecosystem, transition zone can provide a basis for decision-making in the sustainable ecological management by investigating its boundary and complexity. To determine the characteristics of the transition zone where natural ecological and socio-economic factors interact, a conceptual framework and a quantitative identification method for the ecotone of coupled human and natural systems have been proposed. The composite system index can be used to ascertain the coupling intensity, coupling direction, and ecological transition of the system. Taking China as an example, this study showed evidence of the existence of a tremendous amount of ecological and socio-economic transition zone (complex coupled areas) between the east and west of China, and sporadic ecotone in other regions of the country. This transition zone accounted for about 1/4 of China's land surface area, and had a fragile environment that faced challenges of environmental protection and economic development. In the area across the Hu Line, human and natural factors jointly explain a low proportion of the variance in ecological and socio-economic transition zone (the complexity of coupled systems, with 62.01% of unexplained proportion higher than that in other regions). In this region, the topographic position index was the critical element associated with the transition zone, and accounted for nearly 20% of the variation of composite system index. The discovery and characterization of the ecological and socio-economic transition zone is crucial for understanding its uncertainty and diversity and the complex of coupled ecosystems.

The Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Cultivated Land Multifunction and Its Trade-Off/Synergy Relationship in the Two Lake Plains

The material foundation of sustainable agricultural development is cultivated land resources, and their sustainable use is critical to fostering agricultural sustainability and guaranteeing national food security. In this paper, the multifunctional evaluation framework of the cultivated land system based on the "GESEL" model at the grid scale (5 km × 5 km) is constructed to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of a multifunctional cultivated land system in two lake plains and the trade-off and synergy between the functions. The five functions are all unstable in time scales, and their spatial distribution characteristics are also different. The trade-off and synergy between the multiple functions of the cultivated land system in the two lake plains from 2000 to 2019 showed significant spatial heterogeneity. Most of the functions were mainly collaborative, and a few were trade-offs. The two lake plains can be divided into four multi-functional cultivated land zones: a grain production leading zone, a distinctive agricultural planting zone, a high-efficiency agricultural development zone, and an ecological agricultural construction zone. This research puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources.

Spatiotemporal analysis of land use changes and their trade-offs on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China

The unprecedented urbanization recently has inevitably intensified the changes in land use morphology. However, current studies on land use primarily analyze a single morphology, ignoring the relationships between different land use morphologies. Taking the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM) as the study area, this article quantifies the spatiotemporal pattern of land use change, and estimates trade-offs and synergies between dominant (patch density, largest patch index, and landscape shape index) and recessive (land use efficiency, land use intensity, and agricultural non-point source pollution) morphologies to fully understand the dynamic characteristics of land use. Results showed bare areas and grassland were always predominant land use types, and land use change from 1990 to 2020 was characterized by the increase of impervious surfaces and the decrease of bare areas. The strongest trade-off was found between largest patch index and land use intensity, while the synergy between landscape shape index and land use intensity was strongest. There are significant disparities in terms of temporal and spatial patterns of trade-offs/synergies. The correlation coefficients in different study periods were much smaller than their estimations in the whole region, and the trade-offs/synergies in the eastern NSTM were basically identical with the whole relationships. The findings reveal the interactions among various land use characteristics, and provide significant references for coordinated land management and regional high-quality development.

Spatial Characteristics of Land Use Multifunctionality and Their Trade-Off/Synergy in Urumqi, China: Implication for Land Space Zoning Management

Identifying and exploring the spatial characteristics of land use multifunctionality (LUMF) and their trade-off/synergy are the basis for promoting the coordinated development of LUMF, and have significant implications for land space zoning management. In this study, we integrated multi-source data to construct a multi-functional identification system of land use, and quantitatively identified agricultural production function (APF), urban life function (ULF), and ecological function (EF) from grid units. We used the mechanical equilibrium model and Spearman correlation variable analysis to explore the trade-off/synergy between the primary and secondary function of land use. The results show that LUMF has obvious spatial differentiation characteristics and significant composite characteristics. Functionality interweaves and overlaps spatially, creating trade-off/synergy between LUMF. Urumqi as a whole was at a coordinated level (73%). High urban life–low agricultural production and high ecology–low agricultural production were the main types of trade-off/synergy. APF and EF were dominant functions, and there was a significant synergistic relationship. APF and urban life-bearing function had a trade-off relationship. Based on the research results, zoning attempts were made as a reference. Finally, under the framework of regional function theory, we considered the sequential selection process and competition process of LUMF, and put forward proposals for land space zoning management.

Changes in and Patterns of the Tradeoffs and Synergies of Production-Living-Ecological Space: A Case Study of Longli County, Guizhou Province, China

Production-living-ecological space (PLES) constitutes territorial space, and how to scientifically optimize PLES has become the core issue of territorial spatial planning in China. This paper constructs a spatial classification system for PLES based on merge classification. Taking Longli County, Guizhou Province, China, as an example, this paper studies the spatial patterns in 2015 and 2019, the driving factors of the changes in the spatial patterns, and the interrelationships of production space (PS), living space (LS) and ecological space (ES) and proposes a new scheme for dominant functional zoning. The results show that: (1) The high-scoring areas of PS and LS in Longli County are mainly located near the center of each town, with obvious consistency in the spatial distribution. The high-scoring areas of ES are located in the suburbs far from the towns, conflicting with PS and LS; (2) In the five-year period, PS and LS in Longli County continuously expanded. Specifically, LS expanded the most from the perspective of the rate of change, and ES shrunk continuously; (3) Socioeconomic factors are the dominant factor affecting the changes in PLES, among which the distance to town has the greatest influence; (4) Based on the correlation coefficient, PS and LS have a significant positive correlation, but they have a significant negative correlation with ES. In terms of spatial relationships, PS and LS mainly have synergistic relationships, but their relationships with ES mainly involve tradeoffs; (5) In the spatial functional areas of PLES in Longli County, the single dominant functional area is the main area, among which the ecological-dominant functional area is the largest. The results of this study provide a reference for territorial spatial planning and sustainable regional development.

Quantitative Analysis of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Vegetation NDVI Changes in Temperate Drylands from a Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity Perspective: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia Grasslands, China

The detection and attribution of vegetation dynamics in drylands is an important step for the development of effective adaptation and mitigation strategies to combat the challenges posed by human activities and climate change. However, due to the spatial heterogeneity and interactive influences of various factors, quantifying the contributions of driving forces on vegetation change remains challenging. In this study, using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a proxy of vegetation growth status and coverage, we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of the NDVI in China’s Inner Mongolian grasslands using Theil–Sen slope statistics and Mann–Kendall trend test methods. In addition, using the GeoDetector method, a spatially-based statistical technique, we assessed the individual and interactive influences of natural factors and human activities on vegetation-NDVI change. The results show that the growing season average NDVI exhibited a fluctuating upward trend of 0.003 per year from 2000 to 2018. The areas with significant increases in NDVI (p < 0.05) accounted for 45.63% of the entire region, and they were mainly distributed in the eastern part of the Mu Us sandy land and the eastern areas of the Greater Khingan Range. The regions with a decline in the NDVI were mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the study area. The GeoDetector results revealed that both natural and human factors had significant impacts on changes in the NDVI (p < 0.001). Precipitation, livestock density, wind speed, and population density were the dominant factors affecting NDVI changes in the Inner Mongolian grasslands, explaining more than 15% of the variability, while the contributions of the two topography factors (terrain slope and slope aspect) were relatively low (less than 2%). Furthermore, NDVI changes responded to the changes in the level of specific influencing factors in a nonlinear way, and the interaction of two factors enhanced the effect of each singular factor. The interaction between precipitation and temperature was the highest among all factors, accounting for 39.3% of NDVI variations. Findings from our study may aid policymakers in better understanding the relative importance of various factors and the impacts of the interactions between factors on vegetation change, which has important implications for preventing and mitigating land degradation and achieving sustainable pasture use in dryland ecosystems.

Mixed Land Use Levels in Rural Settlements and Their Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Pingba Village in Chongqing, China

Mixed land use provides an important means of promoting the intensive and efficient use of land resources and stimulating endogenous development power in rural areas. This paper selected Pingba Village in Chongqing as the research area; the land use status data and the social and economic data on rural settlements in the study area for 2021 were obtained through field visits and interviews. Moreover, the land use types in the rural settlements were subdivided according to the principle of dominant function. Based on these subdivisions, a land mixed-use measurement system for rural settlements was constructed to analyze their levels of mixed land use. Furthermore, the influences of natural environmental, social, economic and other factors on mixed land use were comprehensively explored. The results showed that, (1) the mixed land use of rural settlements in the study area was at a medium level and showed significant spatial variability, and rural settlements in the high, medium and low mixed land use index zones accounted for 12.5%, 35% and 52.5% of the total, respectively. (2) The differences in the natural environment determined the level of mixed land use and the basic pattern of its spatial differentiation. Social and economic factors, such as resident population and average household income, were key impact factors. Rural tourism resources, homestead agglomeration policies and other factors had important impacts on the level of mixed land use. In conclusion, the research suggests that mixed land use is an important way to boost rural revitalization. In the future, village planning could introduce the concept of mixed land use to improve the efficiency of land use, optimize the land use structure according to local conditions and promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In addition, it is necessary to scientifically and rationally guide rural settlements to agglomerate appropriately to improve the utilization efficiency of land resources and public service resources.

Implications of land sparing and sharing for maintaining regional ecosystem services: An empirical study from a suitable area for agricultural production in China

The clarification of land use management in areas of potential land use conflict plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem services. However, the relationship between land use strategies and ecosystem services in potential conflict zones remains uncertain, lacking quantitative evidence. Therefore, to construct a healthy territorial space system, a spatial classification model for land use was built based on land sparing and sharing. In addition, the inherent characteristics of different modes in the landscape structure and functional heterogeneity were also resolved. Then, an empirical analysis was carried out with the coastal agricultural production area of Maoming City, Guangdong Province. Focusing on the potential area of land use conflicts in Maoming City, that is, the suitable area for agricultural production, this study determined the differences in ecosystem services under multiple land use patterns at the pixel level, explored the trade-offs of ecosystem services in the entire suitable area and a single model, and examined the gradient effect of ecosystem services with the intensity of cultivated land use. According to the results, ecosystem services significantly differed in land use patterns, and the comprehensive ecosystem service was the highest in the land sharing model. Ecosystem services exert a synergistic effect in the entire suitable area for agricultural production, whereas there exists no correlation within a single model. When the arable land area of intensive agriculture exceeds 84.84%, food supply and other ecosystem services will be reduced to varying degrees. The study bridges the gap in research on the relationship between land sparing and sharing and ecosystem services in Chinese regions, and proposes clear land remediation strategies in potential conflict zones, which can thus provide some guidance for achieving sustainable regional development.

A Load-Carrier Perspective Method for Evaluating Land Resources Carrying Capacity

If land resources are forced to withstand greater populations than they are able to withstand, irreversible damage to the land resources system will happen in a specific region. This challenge highlights the urgency of appropriately evaluating the land resources carrying capacity (LRCC). A proper level of the capacity can ensure that land resources demands imposed by human activities are at a reasonable level. There is a need for a proper evaluation method for assessing LRCC. This study presents a new evaluation method from a load-carrier perspective for assessing LRCC by examining the relationships between the pressure caused by human activities and the supply capacity of land resources. In developing this method, a land resources system is determined by two primary components, namely carrier and load. The compositions of carrier and load are determined by applying the theory of multifunctional land use. A case demonstration is conducted to show the application of the method. The main findings can be drawn from this study as follows. Firstly, a “load-carrier” perspective method is requested for evaluating the regional LRCC, and it is effective in obtaining the value of LRCC in the demonstration case. Secondly, the composition of land resources carriers and loads embodied in the load-carrier perspective method is determined by using the theory of multifunctional land use. Thirdly, the case results suggest that seven regions are overloaded in LRCC and the other two regions are approaching the limitation of LRCC among nine county-level administration regions in Chongqing. This study contributes to the development of literature in the field of LRCC. The application of the “load-carrier” perspective method can help local governments in the case study regions make policies to ensure that land resources demands imposed by human activities are under control at a reasonable level.

Effects of Urbanization on Landscape Patterns in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Region

The middle reaches of the Yangtze River region (MRYRR) are China’s first trans-regional urban agglomeration, located in the center of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The MRYRR is an important ecological reserve, and its land cover changes are affected by both socio-economic development and geographical environment. In this paper, Landsat ETM/TM/OLI remote sensing images were used to monitor land use and landscape patterns from 1990 to 2015. Through supervised classification, land use transfer matrix, landscape pattern metrics and correlation analysis, the spatial-temporal patterns of land use change and its relationship with socio-economic in the study area were revealed. The results showed that: (1) the main land use types in the study area were cropland (CL) and forestland (FL), accounting for more than three-quarters of the study area. During the study period, built-up land (BL) increased, CL decreased, FL increased first and then decreased; (2) the BL expanded mainly by occupying CL and FL, and regional landscape pattern was gradually fragmented, with complex patch shape and increasing diversity and heterogeneity. Among them, the BL is gradually gathered, and the FL and CL are gradually fragmented; (3) in the past 25 years, the urbanization process in this region has been obvious, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has increased by 36 times. The socioeconomic variables were positively correlated with BL, orchard (OL) and Shannon diversity index (SHID), and negatively correlated with CL, Wasteland (WL), mean patch size (MPS) and contagion size (CONTAG). The results showed that the urbanization development has a great impact on the region, and the ecological protection task is still challenging. It is necessary to protect high-quality cropland and draw a red line for ecological protection. We should strengthen the construction of ecological corridors and ecological nodes to adapt to regional sustainable development.