1
|
Singh M, Acharya N, Jamshidi S, Jiao J, Yang ZL, Coudert M, Baumer Z, Niyogi D. DownScaleBench for developing and applying a deep learning based urban climate downscaling- first results for high-resolution urban precipitation climatology over Austin, Texas. COMPUTATIONAL URBAN SCIENCE 2023; 3:22. [PMID: 37274379 PMCID: PMC10232592 DOI: 10.1007/s43762-023-00096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cities need climate information to develop resilient infrastructure and for adaptation decisions. The information desired is at the order of magnitudes finer scales relative to what is typically available from climate analysis and future projections. Urban downscaling refers to developing such climate information at the city (order of 1 - 10 km) and neighborhood (order of 0.1 - 1 km) resolutions from coarser climate products. Developing these higher resolution (finer grid spacing) data needed for assessments typically covering multiyear climatology of past data and future projections is complex and computationally expensive for traditional physics-based dynamical models. In this study, we develop and adopt a novel approach for urban downscaling by generating a general-purpose operator using deep learning. This 'DownScaleBench' tool can aid the process of downscaling to any location. The DownScaleBench has been generalized for both in situ (ground- based) and satellite or reanalysis gridded data. The algorithm employs an iterative super-resolution convolutional neural network (Iterative SRCNN) over the city. We apply this for the development of a high-resolution gridded precipitation product (300 m) from a relatively coarse (10 km) satellite-based product (JAXA GsMAP). The high-resolution gridded precipitation datasets is compared against insitu observations for past heavy rain events over Austin, Texas, and shows marked improvement relative to the coarser datasets relative to cubic interpolation as a baseline. The creation of this Downscaling Bench has implications for generating high-resolution gridded urban meteorological datasets and aiding the planning process for climate-ready cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Singh
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411008 MH India
- IDP in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 MH India
| | - Nachiketa Acharya
- CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, NOAA/Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, 80309 CO USA
| | - Sajad Jamshidi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906 IN USA
| | - Junfeng Jiao
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
| | - Zong-Liang Yang
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
| | - Marc Coudert
- Office of Sustainability, City of Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
| | - Zach Baumer
- Office of Sustainability, City of Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
| | - Dev Niyogi
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chinatamby P, Jewaratnam J. A performance comparison study on PM 2.5 prediction at industrial areas using different training algorithms of feedforward-backpropagation neural network (FBNN). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137788. [PMID: 36642141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Presence of particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the atmosphere is fast increasing in Malaysia due to industrialization and urbanization. Prolonged exposure of PM2.5 can cause serious health effects to human. This research is aimed to identify the most reliable model to predict the PM2.5 pollution using multi-layered feedforward-backpropagation neural network (FBNN). Air quality and meteorological data were collected from Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. Six different training algorithms consisting of thirteen various training functions were trained and compared. FBNN model with the highest coefficient correlation (R2) and lowest root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were selected as the best performing model. Levenberg Marquardt (trainlm) is the best performing algorithms compared to other algorithms with R2 value of 0.9834 and the lowest error values for RMSE (2.3981), MAE (1.7843) and MAPE (0.1063).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Chinatamby
- Center for Separation Science & Technology (CSST), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jegalakshimi Jewaratnam
- Center for Separation Science & Technology (CSST), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arora S, Sawaran Singh NS, Singh D, Rakesh Shrivastava R, Mathur T, Tiwari K, Agarwal S. Air Quality Prediction Using the Fractional Gradient-Based Recurrent Neural Network. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:9755422. [PMID: 36531923 PMCID: PMC9757944 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9755422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the air quality index (AQI) of Indian cities of different tiers is predicted by using the vanilla recurrent neural network (RNN). AQI is used to measure the air quality of any region which is calculated on the basis of the concentration of ground-level ozone, particle pollution, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide in air. Thus, the present air quality of an area is dependent on current weather conditions, vehicle traffic in that area, or anything that increases air pollution. Also, the current air quality is dependent on the climate conditions and industrialization in that area. Thus, the AQI is history-dependent. To capture this dependency, the memory property of fractional derivatives is exploited in this algorithm and the fractional gradient descent algorithm involving Caputo's derivative has been used in the backpropagation algorithm for training of the RNN. Due to the availability of a large amount of data and high computation support, deep neural networks are capable of giving state-of-the-art results in the time series prediction. But, in this study, the basic vanilla RNN has been chosen to check the effectiveness of fractional derivatives. The AQI and gases affecting AQI prediction results for different cities show that the proposed algorithm leads to higher accuracy. It has been observed that the results of the vanilla RNN with fractional derivatives are comparable to long short-term memory (LSTM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Arora
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Divyanshu Singh
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Trilok Mathur
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kamlesh Tiwari
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivi Agarwal
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
An Ensemble Model-Based Estimation of Nitrogen Dioxide in a Southeastern Coastal Region of China. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) is a common pollutant in the atmosphere that can have serious adverse effects on the health of residents. However, the existing satellite and ground observation methods are not enough to effectively monitor the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of near-surface NO2 concentrations, which limits the development of pollutant remediation work and medical health research. Based on TROPOMI-NO2 tropospheric column concentration data, supplemented by meteorological data, atmospheric condition reanalysis data and other geographic parameters, combined with classic machine learning models and deep learning networks, we constructed an ensemble model that achieved a daily average near-surface NO2 of 0.03° exposure. In this article, a meteorological hysteretic effects term and a spatiotemporal term were designed, which considerably improved the performance of the model. Overall, our ensemble model performed better, with a 10-fold CV R2 of 0.89, an RMSE of 5.62 µg/m3, and an MAE of 4.04 µg/m3. The model also had good temporal and spatial generalization capability, with a temporal prediction R2 and a spatial prediction R2 of 0.71 and 0.81, respectively, which can be applied to a wider range of time and space. Finally, we used an ensemble model to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of NO2 in a coastal region of southeastern China from May 2018 to December 2020. Compared with satellite observations, the model output results showed richer details of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of NO2 concentrations. Due to the advantages of using multi-source data, this model framework has the potential to output products with a higher spatial resolution and can provide a reference for downscaling work on other pollutants.
Collapse
|
5
|
Evaluating Machine Learning and Remote Sensing in Monitoring NO2 Emission of Power Plants. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effective and precise monitoring is a prerequisite to control human emissions and slow disruptive climate change. To obtain the near-real-time status of power plant emissions, we built machine learning models and trained them on satellite observations (Sentinel 5), ground observed data (EPA eGRID), and meteorological observations (MERRA) to directly predict the NO2 emission rate of coal-fired power plants. A novel approach to preprocessing multiple data sources, coupled with multiple neural network models (RNN, LSTM), provided an automated way of predicting the number of emissions (NO2, SO2, CO, and others) produced by a single power plant. There are many challenges on overfitting and generalization to achieve a consistently accurate model simply depending on remote sensing data. This paper xaddresses the challenges using a combination of techniques, such as data washing, column shifting, feature sensitivity filtering, etc. It presents a groundbreaking case study on remotely monitoring global power plants from space in a cost-wise and timely manner to assist in tackling the worsening global climate.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaini N, Ean LW, Ahmed AN, Malek MA. A systematic literature review of deep learning neural network for time series air quality forecasting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:4958-4990. [PMID: 34807385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress of industrial development, urbanization and traffic has caused air quality reduction that negatively affects human health and environmental sustainability, especially among developed countries. Numerous studies on the development of air quality forecasting model using machine learning have been conducted to control air pollution. As such, there are significant numbers of reviews on the application of machine learning in air quality forecasting. Shallow architectures of machine learning exhibit several limitations and yield lower forecasting accuracy than deep learning architecture. Deep learning is a new technology in computational intelligence; thus, its application in air quality forecasting is still limited. This study aims to investigate the deep learning applications in time series air quality forecasting. Owing to this, literature search is conducted thoroughly from all scientific databases to avoid unnecessary clutter. This study summarizes and discusses different types of deep learning algorithms applied in air quality forecasting, including the theoretical backgrounds, hyperparameters, applications and limitations. Hybrid deep learning with data decomposition, optimization algorithm and spatiotemporal models are also presented to highlight those techniques' effectiveness in tackling the drawbacks of individual deep learning models. It is clearly stated that hybrid deep learning was able to forecast future air quality with higher accuracy than individual models. At the end of the study, some possible research directions are suggested for future model development. The main objective of this review study is to provide a comprehensive literature summary of deep learning applications in time series air quality forecasting that may benefit interested researchers for subsequent research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur'atiah Zaini
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lee Woen Ean
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ali Najah Ahmed
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|