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Shao Y, Li S, Li T, Wei X, Tian Y, Yang Z, Li X. Degradation of Emerging Contaminants in Synthetic Hydrolyzed Urine by UV/peracetic acid: free radical chemistry, and toxicity analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124557. [PMID: 39019306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The ecological impact of emerging contaminants (ECs) in aquatic environments has raised concerns, particularly with regards to urine as a significant source of such contaminants in wastewater. The current investigation used the UV/Peracetic Acid (UV/PAA) processes, an innovative advanced oxidation technology, to effectively separate two emerging pollutants from urine at its source, namely, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and bisphenol A(BPA). The research findings demonstrate that the presence of the majority of characteristic ions has minimal impact on the degradation of ECs. However, in synthetic hydrolyzed urine, only NH4+ inhibits the degradation of two types of ECs, with a more pronounced effect observed on CIP degradation compared to BPA.The impact of halogen ions, specifically Cl- and I-, on the degradation of CIP in synthetic hydrolyzed urine was a complex phenomenon. When these two halogen ions are present individually, the generation of reactive halogen species (RHS) within the system enhances the degradation of CIP. However, when both types of ions coexist, the formation of diatomic radical species partially inhibits degradation. In terms of BPA degradation, while the production of reactive chlorine species (RCS) to some extent hinders the reaction rate, the generation of reactive iodine species (RIS) promotes the overall process. CIP undergoes fragmentation of the piperazine and quinoline rings, decarboxylation, defluorination reactions, as well as substitution reactions, leading to the formation of products with simplified structures. The degradation of BPA occurs gradually through hydroxyl and halogen substitution as well as isopropyl cleavage. The preliminary toxicity analysis confirmed that the presence of halogen ions in urine resulted in the formation of halogenated products in two types of ECs, albeit with an overall reduction in toxicity. The UV/PAA processes was considered to be an effective and relatively safe approach for the separation of ECs in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Environment Affairs Office of National Wangcheng Economic and Technological Development Zone, Changsha 410299, PR China
| | - Xue Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yang Tian
- Hunan Hongsheng Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Changsha 410021, PR China
| | - Zhengqing Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Yao B, Yuan Y, Hu W, Liu J, Zou H, Zhou Y. Enhancement of Fenton processes at initial circumneutral pH for the degradation of norfloxacin with Fe@FeS core-shell nanowires. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:2451-2461. [PMID: 35084294 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2033329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The disadvantages of narrow working pH range (2.5-4.0), accumulation of iron sludge and incomplete degradation have hindered the practical application of the traditional homogeneous Fenton technique. In this research, Fe@FeS core-shell nanowires were synthesised and the innovative Fe@FeS/Fe2+/H2O2 system was adopted for norfloxacin (NOR) degradation at an initial circumneutral pH. More than 95% NOR has been removed in the Fe@FeS/Fe2+/H2O2 system within 30 min at pH 7. After investigating the concentration change of total iron, Fe2+ and H2O2 during the degradation process, NOR degradation in the Fe@FeS/Fe2+/H2O2 system might be attributed to the combined effect of homogeneous Fenton reaction and heterogeneous Fenton process. Besides that, the added Fe@FeS has accelerated Fe3+/Fe2+ redox cycle with extremely high degree. The generated reactive ●OH has been identified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer results, possible degradation intermediates have also been proposed according to Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis results. Moreover, Fe@FeS core-shell nanowires showed excellent reusability, it is a promising heterogeneous Fenton catalyst that is applicable for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Hu
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanwei Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Kreutz GK, Borba FH, Baroni S, Mayer I, Seibert D, Inticher JJ, Zorzo CF, Guimarães RE. Reduction of the environmental impact of wastewater from the pretreatment of biodiesel production: A hybrid proposal for decontamination via photo-electro-Fenton/Fered/O 3. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118080. [PMID: 37196625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Complex wastewater is generated during biodiesel production. We propose a new solution for the treatment of wastewater from enzymatic pretreatment of biodiesel production (WEPBP) by using a hybrid system based on the photo-Fered-Fenton process with O3 assistance (PEF-Fered-O3). We applied response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the suitable conditions for the PEF-Fered-O3 process: a current intensity of 3 A, an initial solution pH controlled at 6.4, an initial H2O2 concentration of 12,000 mg L-1, and an O3 concentration of 50 mg L-1. We performed three new experiments under similar conditions with slight changes to the conditions, namely a longer reaction time (120 min) and single or periodic H2O2 addition (i.e., small H2O2 additions at different reaction times). Periodic H2O2 addition provided the best removal results probably by reducing the occurrence of undesired side reactions that cause hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging. With the application of the hybrid system, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) decreased by 91% and 75%, respectively. We also evaluated the presence of metals such as iron, copper, and calcium; electric conductivity; and voltage at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. We submitted raw and treated WEPBP sludge samples to X-ray diffraction to study the degree of crystallinity. There was a rearrangement of the compounds present in treated WEPBP, possibly caused by oxidation of a large fraction of organic matter. Finally, we evaluated the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of WEPBP by using Allium cepa meristematic root cells. Treated WEPBP was less toxic to these cells, denoted by improvements in gene regulation and cell morphology. Given the current scenario for the biodiesel industry, applying the proposed hybrid PEF-Fered-O3 system at suitable conditions provides an efficient alternative to treat a complex matrix, namely WEPBP, to reduce its potential to cause abnormalities in the cells of living organisms. Thus, the negative impacts of the discharge of WEPBP in the environment might be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo K Kreutz
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, CEP: 97900-00, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando H Borba
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, CEP: 97900-00, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Suzymeire Baroni
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, CEP: 97900-00, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Ildemar Mayer
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, CEP: 97900-00, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Seibert
- Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, CEP: 97900-00, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonas J Inticher
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, West Paraná State University, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jd. Santa Maria, 85903-000, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila F Zorzo
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Hydraulic Research Institute, Postal code 15029, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raíssa E Guimarães
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Hydraulic Research Institute, Postal code 15029, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Li S, Liu Q, Liu J, Sun K, Yang W, Si Y, Li Y, Gao Y. Inhibition mechanisms of Fe 2+/Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ on fungal laccase-enabled bisphenol a polyreaction. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135685. [PMID: 35842042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is regarded as an endocrine disruptor associated with negative health effects in animals and humans. Laccase from white-rot fungus can enable BPA oxidation and auto-polymerization to circumvent its biotoxicity, but the work concerning the effect mechanisms of divalent and trivalent metal ions (MIs) on BPA polyreaction have rarely been reported. Herein, Trametes versicolor laccase-started BPA conversion within 1 h followed pseudo-first order kinetics, and the rate constant (kprcs) and half-life were respectively 0.61 h-1 and 1.14 h. The presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ exhibited insignificant impact on BPA removal, whereas Fe2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+ had a strong inhibiting effect. Compared with MI-free, the kprcs values of BPA respectively lowered 34.4%, 44.3% and 98.4% in the presence of Fe2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+. Enzymatic activity and differential absorption spectrum disclosed that the inhibitory actions were accomplished by two different mechanisms. One is Fe2+ was preferentially oxidized into Fe3+ that restrained laccase activity at the initial stage of reaction, and subsequently, the formed Fe3+ complex bound with laccase T1-Cu site and thus impeded the single-electron transfer system. The other is Mn2+ was instantly oxidized by laccase to generate Mn3+-citrate complex, which completely consumed the dissolved O2 in solution and consequently terminated BPA removal. Considering environmental bioremediation, T. versicolor laccase-enabled auto-polymerization is a simple and convenient candidate to eliminate BPA in enzymatic wastewater treatment, however the effects of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+ on BPA decontamination should be cautiously assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Li
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Youbin Si
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Immobilization of laccase on chitosan functionalized halloysite nanotubes for degradation of Bisphenol A in aqueous solution: degradation mechanism and mineralization pathway. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09919. [PMID: 35865982 PMCID: PMC9294056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a hazardous organic chemical raw material, Bisphenol A (BPA) has attracted a great deal of scientific and public attention. In this study, the chitosan functionalized halloysite nanotubes immobilized laccase (lac@CS-HNTs) was prepared by simultaneous adsorption-covalent binding method to remove BPA for the first time. We optimized the preparation of lac@CS-NHTs by controlling one-factor variable method and response surface methodology (RSM). The cubic polynomial regression model via Design-Expert 12 was developed to describe the optimal preparation conditions of immobilized laccase. Under the optimal conditions, lac@CS-NHTs obtained the maximum enzyme activity, and the enzyme loading was as high as 60.10 mg/g. The results of batch removal experiment of BPA showed that under the optimum treatment condition, the BPA removal rate of lac@CS-NHTs, FL and heat-inactivated lac@CS-NHTs was 87.31 %, 60.89 % and 24.54 %, respectively, which indicated that the contribution of biodegradation was greater than adsorption. In addition, the relative activity of lac@CS-NHTs dropped to about 44.24 % after 8 cycles of BPA removal, which demonstrated that lac@CS-NHTs have the potential to reduce costs in practical applications. Finally, the possible degradation mechanism and mineralization pathway of BPA were given via High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
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Cai A, Deng J, Ling X, Ye C, Sun H, Deng Y, Zhou S, Li X. Degradation of bisphenol A by UV/persulfate process in the presence of bromide: Role of reactive bromine. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118288. [PMID: 35303562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bromide (Br-), a ubiquitous species in natural water, is capable of reacting with sulfate radical (SO4∙-) and hydroxyl radical (∙OH) to form secondary reactive bromine species (RBS). The reaction routes can influence the degradation mechanisms and performance of these radicals for removal of target pollutants and may also form harmful bromine-containing disinfection by-products (Br-DBPs) during subsequent chlorination. In the present research, the UV-activated persulfate (PS) degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was systematically examined in the presence of Br-. Results indicated that the presence of Br-enhanced the BPA degradation and both UV/PS and UV/PS/Br- processes followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. At 0-0.8 mM Br-, 0.2 mM Br- exerted the best enhanced effect on BPA degradation, while RBS functioned as the major contributor in the presence of 0.05-0.5 mM Br-. Solution pH (6.0-8.0) barely affected the BPA degradation in the UV/PS system, but the introduction of Br- augmented the pH dependence. In the UV/PS/Br-system, the reaction rate constant of BPA increased/decreased with increasing PS/HA dosage, and was affected slightly in the presence of bicarbonate and chloride. According to the quantum chemical calculation, the second-order rate constants of BPA with ∙OH, SO4∙-, Br∙ and Br2∙- were calculated as 7.65 × 1010, 1.67 × 109, 1.77 × 108 and 2.83 × 102 M-1 s-1, respectively. Additionally, three degradation pathways of BPA were proposed based on DFT calculation and HPLC/MS analysis, and the formed bromine-containing products exhibited higher toxicity than BPA. Br-DBPs, particularly tribromomethane and tribromoacetic acid, generated from UV/PS/Br-pre-oxidation during BPA chlorination significantly increased the toxicity of total DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhong Cai
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Xiao Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Huihong Sun
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, United States
| | - Shiqing Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Tarafdar A, Sirohi R, Balakumaran PA, Reshmy R, Madhavan A, Sindhu R, Binod P, Kumar Y, Kumar D, Sim SJ. The hazardous threat of Bisphenol A: Toxicity, detection and remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127097. [PMID: 34488101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (or BPA) is a toxic endocrine disrupting chemical that is released into the environment through modern manufacturing practices. BPA can disrupt the production, function and activity of endogenous hormones causing irregularity in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal glands and also the pituitary-adrenal function. BPA has immuno-suppression activity and can downregulate T cells and antioxidant genes. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of BPA is paramount and therefore, there is an immediate need to properly detect and remediate its influence. In this review, we discuss the toxic effects of BPA on different metabolic systems in the human body, followed by its mechanism of action. Various novel detection techniques (LC-MS, GC-MS, capillary electrophoresis, immunoassay and sensors) involving a pretreatment step (liquid-liquid microextraction and molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction) have also been detailed. Mechanisms of various remediation strategies, including biodegradation using native enzymes, membrane separation processes, photocatalytic oxidation, use of nanosorbents and thermal degradation has been detailed. An overview of the global regulations pertaining to BPA has been presented. More investigations are required on the efficiency of integrated remediation technologies rather than standalone methods for BPA removal. The effect of processing operations on BPA in food matrices is also warranted to restrict its transport into food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Palanisamy Athiyaman Balakumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - R Reshmy
- Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikkara 690110, Kerela, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, Kerela, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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