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Saaristo M, Sharp S, McKenzie R, Hinwood A. Pharmaceuticals in biota: The impact of wastewater treatment plant effluents on fish in Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124695. [PMID: 39122170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Globally, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are detected in surface waters receiving wastewater, yet their presence in biota, remain largely understudied. To address this, we conducted a study that measured 46 PPCPs in spot water samples and fish caught up- and downstream from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Victoria, Australia. We sampled 15 sites located along four waterways following a 3-site design: WWTP-discharge('hotspot'), 'upstream'(∼2 km) and 'downstream'(∼2 km). Spot water and fish were also sampled at reference sites >100 km from WWTP discharge (n = 3). Additionally, spot water samples were taken from WWTP effluent outflows (n = 3). From each locality, we analysed 3-12 fish (n = 131 total). In waterways, passive samplers (POCIS; ∼28d, n = 19 PPCPs) were also deployed. Individual fish (axial muscle) and water were analysed with LC-MS-MS. We found that PPCP concentrations in environmental surface water ranged from<0.02-0.97 μg/L. In WWTP effluent, the range was <0.02-1.4 μg/L. Of the 46 PPCPs analysed, 12 were detected in spot water samples and five in fish. In water, the highest concentration detected was for antidepressant venlafaxine (3 μg/L). The most frequently detected PPCPs: venlafaxine (54.9%), metoprolol (41.2%), propranolol (29.4%), carbamazepine (29.4%), caffeine (17.6%) and sulfamethoxazole (17.6%). Out of 131 fish analysed, 35 fish had detectable levels of PPCPs in the muscle tissue. The highest muscle concentrations were: venlafaxine (150 μg/kg, redfin perch), and sertraline (100 μg/kg, eel). Bioaccumulation factors ranged from 104 to 341L/kg for venlafaxine in redfins, 21-1,260L/kg for carbamazepine in redfins and eels, and 367-3,333L/kg for sertraline in eels. Based on our human health risk calculations for venlafaxine, carbamazepine, sertraline, triclosan, and caffeine, consumption of fish does not pose a significant risk to human health. Despite this, most of the detected PPCPs in surface waters exceeded 10 ng/L trigger value, which has led to further investigations by EPA. Our study highlights the need for using multiple lines of evidence for estimating risks of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Saaristo
- Environment Protection Authority, EPA Science, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Simon Sharp
- Environment Protection Authority, EPA Science, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert McKenzie
- Environment Protection Authority, EPA Science, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Hinwood
- Environment Protection Authority, EPA Science, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Castillo NA, James WR, Santos RO, Rezek R, Cerveny D, Boucek RE, Adams AJ, Trabelsi S, Distrubell A, Sandquist M, Fick J, Brodin T, Rehage JS. Identifying pathways of pharmaceutical exposure in a mesoconsumer marine fish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135382. [PMID: 39088947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical uptake involves processes that vary across aquatic systems and biota. However, single studies examining multiple environmental compartments, microhabitats, biota, and exposure pathways in mesoconsumer fish are sparse. We investigated the pharmaceutical burden in bonefish (Albula vulpes), pathways of exposure, and estimated exposure to a human daily dose. To evaluate exposure pathways, the number and composition of pharmaceuticals across compartments and the bioconcentration in prey and bonefish were assessed. To evaluate bioaccumulation, we proposed the use of a field-derived bioaccumulation factor (fBAF), due to variability inherent to natural systems. Exposure to a human daily dose was based on bonefish daily energetic requirements and consumption rates using pharmaceutical concentrations in prey. Pharmaceutical number and concentration were highest in prey, followed by bonefish, water and sediment. Fifteen pharmaceuticals were detected in common among bonefish, prey, and water; all of which bioconcentrated in prey and bonefish, and four bioaccumulated in bonefish. The composition of detected pharmaceuticals was compartment specific, and prey were most similar to bonefish. Bonefish were exposed to a maximum of 1.2 % of a human daily dose via prey consumption. Results highlight the need for multicompartment assessments of exposure and consideration of prey along with water as a pathway of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Castillo
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - W R James
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R O Santos
- Department of Biology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R Rezek
- Department of Marine Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - D Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - R E Boucek
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A J Adams
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, USA; Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - S Trabelsi
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A Distrubell
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Sandquist
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J S Rehage
- Earth and Environment Department, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Fergusson KN, Tanner JL, Brand JA, Hannington SL, Pettersen AK, Sundin J, Saaristo M, Bertram MG, Martin JM, Wong BBM. Effects of long-term fluoxetine exposure on morphology, but not behaviour or metabolic rate, in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 276:107082. [PMID: 39270523 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by pharmaceuticals is a growing threat worldwide. The antidepressant fluoxetine is one such pharmaceutical that is frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems, and has been found to alter the behaviour and physiology of exposed wildlife. Few studies, however, have investigated potential combined effects on behaviour and metabolic rate. In addition, exposures are often short in duration and rarely conducted under ecologically relevant conditions. Here, we examined the impacts of long-term fluoxetine exposure on boldness (exploration, activity, and antipredator behaviour), metabolic rate, and morphology in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Specifically, fish were exposed for 8 months (corresponding to approximately two overlapping generations) in semi-natural mesocosms to one of three treatments: an unexposed control (0 ng L-1), or low or high fluoxetine (mean measured concentrations: 30 ng L-1 and 292 ng L-1, respectively). Following exposure, we quantified male exploratory behaviour and activity in a novel environment (maze arena) and antipredator behaviour in the presence or absence of a live predator (spangled perch, Leiopotherapon unicolor), as well as metabolic rate and morphology (mass, standard length, and scaled mass index). Fluoxetine exposure did not significantly alter boldness, metabolic rate, mass, or standard length. However, fluoxetine exposure did alter body condition, whereby fish in the high treatment had a higher scaled mass index than control fish. Our results, considered alongside previous work, underscore the importance of exposure duration in mediating the effects of fluoxetine on fitness-related traits. Continued research under extended exposure periods (i.e., spanning multiple generations) is essential if we are to accurately predict the ecological impacts of fluoxetine on exposed wildlife, and their underlying mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate N Fergusson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - James L Tanner
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jack A Brand
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Amanda K Pettersen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Josefin Sundin
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Drottningholm, Sweden.
| | - Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Macleod, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jake M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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4
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Dhakshinamoorthy V, Vishali SPR, Elumalai S, Perumal E. Acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceutical pollutants induces neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39072487 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2382451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical waste from point and non-point sources enters, persists, or disseminates in the environment and is known as environmentally persistent pharmaceutical pollutants. Understanding the impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants on the environment and health is essential. This study investigates the behavioral impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants on aquatic organisms and delineates the possible nexus of oxidative stress. The male zebrafish were exposed to four major representative pharmaceutical pollutants, viz., acetaminophen, carbamazepine, metformin, and trimethoprim at environmentally relevant concentrations individually as well as in a mixture for seven days. Substantial alterations in social interaction, aggressive nature, novel tank exploration, and light and dark zone preferences were recorded and the degree varied to different pharmaceutical pollutants. The activity of oxidative stress markers, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase, was found to be suppressed to 66-20%, 42-25%, and 59-20% respectively with the elevated malondialdehyde generation (180-260%) compared to control. The activity level of acetylcholine esterase was found to be increased to 200-500% across all treatment groups. Despite the synergistic impacts of pharmaceutical pollutants on the whole system that could not be ascertained, this comprehensive study highlights their toxicity nature to induce neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish through oxidative stress mechanisms and altered cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Dhakshinamoorthy
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Molecular Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, India
- PG Research Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Trichy, India
| | - S P R Vishali
- PG Research Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Trichy, India
| | - Sriramakrishnan Elumalai
- PG Research Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Trichy, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Al Shuraiqi A, Abed RMM, Al-Habsi A, Barry MJ. Personality Affects Zebrafish Response to Sertraline. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:132-146. [PMID: 37861374 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Sertraline is widely prescribed to treat anxiety and depression. Sertraline acts by blocking serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters systems and has been detected in surface waters globally, where it may impact fish behavior. We classified zebrafish personality on three behavioral axes, boldness, anxiety, and sociability, assigning fish as either high or low in each category. The fish were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 5, 50, 500, or 5000 ng/L sertraline (measured concentrations: <10, 21.3, 370, and 2200 ng/L, respectively) to assess changes in boldness, anxiety, and sociability after 7 and 28 days. We also measured shoaling behavior and response to an alarm cue, and determined the gut microbiome of a subset of fish. After 7 days there was no overall effect of sertraline on boldness, but there was an interaction between initial personality and sex, with a stronger impact on females classified as low-boldness personality. Sertraline reduced sociability in all treatments compared with the control, but there was again an interaction between sertraline and initial personality. Fish that were classified as low-sociability responded more strongly to sertraline. After 7 days, fish exposed to a nominal concentration of 5000 ng/L (2200 ng/L measured) showed higher anxiety than controls, with the overall pattern of initial behavior retained. After 28 days, similar patterns were observed, but with higher variation. There was only a weak association between the gut microbiome and personality. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering initial behavior, which can affect response to pollutants. Our results may also be applicable to human studies and provide a mechanism to explain why different individuals respond differently to the drug. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:132-146. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raeid M M Abed
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Aziz Al-Habsi
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Ferreira CSS, Venâncio C, Kille P, Oliveira M. Are early and young life stages of fish affected by paroxetine? A case study with Danio rerio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165706. [PMID: 37499832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Paroxetine (PAR) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant increasingly detected in surface waters worldwide. Its environmental presence raises concerns about the potential detrimental effects on non-target organisms. Thus, this study aimed to increase knowledge on PAR's potential environmental impacts, assessing the effects of commercial formulation (PAR-c) and active ingredient (PAR-a) on fish. Therefore, the short-term exposure effects of PAR-c and PAR-a were assessed on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae to determine the most toxic formulation [through median lethal (LC50) and effective concentrations (EC50)]. PAR-c and PAR-a induced morphological abnormalities (scoliosis) in a dose-dependent manner from 96 hours post-fertilization onwards, suggesting the involvement of a fully functional biotransformation system. As PAR-c exhibited higher toxicity, it was selected to be tested in the subsequent stage (juvenile stage), which was more sensitive (lower LC50). PAR-c significantly decreased fish swimming activity and disrupted fish stress response. Overall, the results highlight the ability of PAR-c to adversely affect fish swimming performance, an effect that persisted even after exposure ceases (21-day depuration), suggesting that PAR-c may impair individual fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S S Ferreira
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Venâncio
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Mathiron AGE, Rejo L, Chapeau F, Malgouyres JM, Silvestre F, Vignet C. Tools for photomotor response assay standardization in ecotoxicological studies: Example of exposure to gentamicin in the freshwater planaria Schmidtea mediterranea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104242. [PMID: 37573897 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Photomotor response assay (PMR) is very useful in an ecotoxicological context because it allows evaluation of behavioral response to potential toxic compounds. However, a lack of procedure standardization makes results comparison difficult between labs and organisms. Here, we aimed to propose five different tools to standardize the PMR procedure so that it may be applied to all model species, regarding: (1) the minimum total sample size, (2) the acclimation period, (3) the number and duration of light and dark phases alternation, (4) the measured behavior, and (5) the statistical analysis. As an example of procedure application, we analyzed the effect of an exposure to the antibiotic gentamicin on the locomotion behavior during PMR in an invertebrate species: the asexual freshwater planaria Schmidtea mediterranea. We encourage future studies using PMR to follow these five tools to improve data analysis and results comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G E Mathiron
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Institute of Life, Earth, and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Lucia Rejo
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Florian Chapeau
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Jean-Michel Malgouyres
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Frédéric Silvestre
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Institute of Life, Earth, and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vignet
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000 Albi, France
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de Jesus Oliveira Santos M, de Oliveira Souza C, Marcelino HR. Blue technology for a sustainable pharmaceutical industry: Microalgae for bioremediation and pharmaceutical production. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kim SA, Kim L, Kim TH, An YJ. Assessing the size-dependent effects of microplastics on zebrafish larvae through fish lateral line system and gut damage. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114279. [PMID: 36330940 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the size-dependent effects of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fragments in zebrafish. Larvae were exposed to HDPE microplastic (MP) in three sizes, small (14.12 μm), medium (80.32 μm), and large (120.97 μm), at 20 mg/L. Size-dependent effects in terms of MP intake, subsequent gut damage, and behavioral changes were observed. The results showed that HDPE exposure did not affect the survivability of zebrafish larvae but caused two significant changes. First, exposure to large MPs caused the most serious damage to hair cells and mechanosensory receptors in the fish's lateral line system. Second, exposure to MPs < 100 μm resulted in their ingestion by larvae, thereby causing morphological changes in the gastrointestinal tract. All larvae exposed to MPs showed behavioral pattern changes associated with size differences. This study improves our understanding of the effects of MPs on aquatic organisms and highlights the need to implement efficient strategies for plastic waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang A Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Lia Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 426-171, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Hong X, Chen R, Zhang L, Yan L, Xin J, Li J, Zha J. Long-Term Exposure to SSRI Citalopram Induces Neurotoxic Effects in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12380-12390. [PMID: 35985052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Residual antidepressants are of increasing concern worldwide, yet critical information on their long-term neurotoxic impacts on nontarget aquatic animals is lacking. Here, we investigated the long-term effects (from 0 to 150 days postfertilization) of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram (0.1-100 μg/L) on motor function, learning, and memory in zebrafish over two generations and explored the reversibility of the effect in F1 larvae. Unlike F0+ larvae, we found that F1+ larvae displayed decreased sensorimotor performance when continuously exposed to citalopram at 100 μg/L. No adverse effects were found in F1- larvae after they were transferred to a clean medium. Whole-mount immunofluorescence assays suggested that the motor impairments were related to axonal projections of the spinal motor neurons (MNs). For F0+ adults, long-term citalopram exposure mainly caused male-specific declines in motor, learning, and memory performance. Analysis of serotonergic and cholinergic MNs revealed no significant changes in the male zebrafish spinal cord. In contrast, the number of glutamatergic spinal MNs decreased, likely associated with the impairment of motor function. Additionally, treatment with 100 μg/L citalopram significantly reduced the number of dopaminergic neurons, but no significant neuronal apoptosis was observed in the adult telencephalon. Overall, this study provides neurobehavioral evidence and novel insights into the neurotoxic mechanisms of long-term citalopram exposure and may facilitate the assessment of the environmental and health risks posed by citalopram-containing antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiajing Xin
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Jiasu Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Henry J, Bai Y, Kreuder F, Saaristo M, Kaslin J, Wlodkowic D. Sensory-Motor Perturbations in Larval Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Induced by Exposure to Low Levels of Neuroactive Micropollutants during Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168990. [PMID: 36012255 PMCID: PMC9409309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increasing numbers of anthropogenic chemicals with unknown neurotoxic properties, there is an increasing need for a paradigm shift toward rapid and higher throughput behavioral bioassays. In this work, we demonstrate application of a purpose-built high throughput multidimensional behavioral test battery on larval stages of Danio rerio (zebrafish) at 5 days post fertilization (dpf). The automated battery comprised of the established spontaneous swimming (SS), simulated predator response (SPR), larval photomotor response (LPR) assays as well as a new thermotaxis (TX) assay. We applied the novel system to characterize environmentally relevant concentrations of emerging pharmaceutical micropollutants including anticonvulsants (gabapentin: 400 ng/L; carbamazepine: 3000 ng/L), inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen: 9800 ng/L), and antidepressants (fluoxetine: 300 ng/L; venlafaxine: 2200 ng/L). The successful integration of the thermal preference assay into a multidimensional behavioral test battery provided means to reveal ibuprofen-induced perturbations of thermal preference behaviors upon exposure during embryogenesis. Moreover, we discovered that photomotor responses in larval stages of fish are also altered by the as yet understudied anticonvulsant gabapentin. Collectively our results demonstrate the utility of high-throughput multidimensional behavioral ecotoxicity test batteries in prioritizing emerging risks associated with neuroactive drugs that can perturb neurodevelopment. Moreover, we showcase the added value of thermotaxis bioassays for preliminary screening of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Henry
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Yutao Bai
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Florian Kreuder
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Minna Saaristo
- Environmental Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Hong X, Zhang L, Zha J. Toxicity of waterborne vortioxetine, a new antidepressant, in non-target aquatic organisms: From wonder to concern drugs? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119175. [PMID: 35337889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vortioxetine is increasing in popularity as a treatment for major depressive disorder and has been detected in wastewater effluent. However, information on the toxicity and environmental risk of vortioxetine in non-target organisms is scarce. Here, embryonic and juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used to assess the toxicity of vortioxetine (0, 1, 10, 30, 100, 300, and 1000 μg/L) after 120 h and 7 d of exposure, respectively. Vortioxetine induced significant toxicity during embryonic development, including effects on survival, hatching, basal heart rate, spontaneous tail coiling and developmental abnormalities, and inhibited larval locomotor activity at concentrations higher than 30 μg/L. Additionally, vortioxetine evoked anxiolytic-like behavior and caused histopathological changes to multiple organs (gills, heart, liver and intestine) in juvenile zebrafish. Significant increase in 5-HT content was observed in whole zebrafish larvae and juvenile brain tissues from animals treated with 1 or 100 μg/L vortioxetine. Notably, the lowest effective concentrations of vortioxetine for zebrafish were mainly in the range of 10-30 μg/L, which were slightly lower than the vortioxetine therapeutic concentrations. Risk quotients assuming conservative exposure assessments were above one in European countries indicating moderate risk for the behavioral endpoints assessed. We believe that these results highlight the adverse effects of vortioxetine on non-target organisms and that further investigations will be required to provide a higher confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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Lei L, Zhu B, Qiao K, Zhou Y, Chen X, Men J, Yang L, Wang Q, Han J, Zhou B. New evidence for neurobehavioral toxicity of deltamethrin at environmentally relevant levels in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153623. [PMID: 35124052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin, a widely used type II pyrethroid insecticide, was reported with neurotoxicity to aquatic organisms, such as fish. However, the effects and potential mechanisms on the central nervous system remain largely unknown, especially under environmental concentrations. Therefore, we exposed adult female zebrafish to environmentally relevant levels of deltamethrin (30, 100, and 333 ng/L) for 21 days to assess neurobehavioral changes related to the central nervous system and explore the modes of action. Behavioral assays revealed significant increases in the swimming speeds, residence time near other fish and the shoaling cohesion in exposed fish. Transcriptomic results enriched the disrupted neural functions involving the glutamatergic and dopaminergic synapses in the brain. The qRT-PCR confirmed the upregulation of the factors for promoting the glutamate release. The measurement of neurotransmitters showed significantly increased content of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain. Taken together, deltamethrin exposure increased the glutamate level and promoted the release of such an excitatory neurotransmitter between the glutamatergic synapses in the brain, which eventually led to hyperactivity of social behaviors in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biran Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Men
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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14
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Tang Y, Fan Z, Yang M, Zhang S, Li M, Fang Y, Li J, Feng X. Low concentrations of the antidepressant venlafaxine affect courtship behaviour and alter serotonin and dopamine systems in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 244:106082. [PMID: 35078056 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine, a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, is a widely used antidepressant drug routinely detected in aquatic environments. However, its potential impact on courtship behaviour in zebrafish is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that venlafaxine disrupts brain monoamine levels and molecular responses essential for courtship behaviour in zebrafish. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to venlafaxine (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) for 20 days. We evaluated the molecular levels and neuronal basis of the effect of venlafaxine on courtship behaviour. Here, we show that venlafaxine inhibited courtship behaviour in zebrafish and increased the transcript levels of 5-ht1a and 5-ht2c while decreasing the transcript levels of genes involved in the dopaminergic system, including th1, th2, drd1b, and drd2b. Venlafaxine upregulated 5-HT levels and downregulated dopamine levels. Moreover, the subordinate fish from the venlafaxine-exposed group had significantly lower motor activity than the subordinate fish of the control group. Collectively, our results reveal that venlafaxine can disturb brain monoamine levels, affecting courtship behaviour in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Tang
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi Fan
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengying Yang
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhang
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yongchun Fang
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xizeng Feng
- Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300222, China.
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15
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Chronic Effects of Fluoxetine on Danio rerio: A Biochemical and Behavioral Perspective. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant widely used to treat depressive and anxiety states. Due to its mode of action in the central nervous system (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)), it becomes toxic to non-target organisms, leading to changes that are harmful to their survival. In this work, the effects of fluoxetine on juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) were evaluated, assessing biochemical (phase II biotransformation—glutathione S-transferase (GST), neurotransmission—acetylcholinesterase (ChE), energy metabolism—lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and oxidative stress—glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and behavior endpoints (swimming behavior, social behavior, and thigmotaxis) after 21 days exposure to 0 (control), 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L. Biochemically, although chronic exposure did not induce significant effects on neurotransmission and energy metabolism, GPx activity was decreased after exposure to 10 µg/L of fluoxetine. At a behavioral level, exploratory and social behavior was not affected. However, changes in the swimming pattern of exposed fish were observed in light and dark periods (decreased locomotor activity). Overall, the data show that juvenile fish chronically exposed to fluoxetine may exhibit behavioral changes, affecting their ability to respond to environmental stressors and the interaction with other fish.
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16
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Dabić D, Hanževački M, Škorić I, Žegura B, Ivanković K, Biošić M, Tolić K, Babić S. Photodegradation, toxicity and density functional theory study of pharmaceutical metoclopramide and its photoproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150694. [PMID: 34600991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals as ubiquitous organic pollutants in the aquatic environment represent substances whose knowledge of environmental fate is still limited. One such compound is metoclopramide, whose direct and indirect photolysis and toxicological assessment have been studied for the first time in this study. Experiments were performed under solar radiation, showing metoclopramide as a compound that can easily degrade in different water matrices. The effect of pH-values showed the faster degradation at pH = 7, while the highly alkaline conditions at pH = 11 slowed photolysis. The highest value of quantum yield of metoclopramide photodegradation (ϕ = 43.55·10-4) was obtained at pH = 7. Various organic and inorganic substances (NO3-, Fe(III), HA, Cl-, Br-, HCO3-, SO42-), commonly present in natural water, inhibited the degradation by absorbing light. In all experiments, kinetics followed pseudo-first-order reaction with r2 greater than 0.98. The structures of the photolytic degradation products were tentatively identified, and degradation photoproducts were proposed. The hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and the amino group's dealkylation were two major photoproduct formation mechanisms. Calculated thermochemical quantities are in agreement with the experimentally observed stability of different photoproducts. Reactive sites in metoclopramide were studied with conceptual density functional theory and regions most susceptible to •OH attack were characterized. Metoclopramide and its degradation products were neither genotoxic for bacteria Salmonella typhimurium in the SOS/umuC assay nor acutely toxic for bacteria Vibrio fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Dabić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Hanževački
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klaudija Ivanković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Biošić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Tolić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Babić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Priyam A, Singh PP, Afonso LOB, Schultz AG. Abiotic factors and aging alter the physicochemical characteristics and toxicity of Phosphorus nanomaterials to zebrafish embryos. NANOIMPACT 2022; 25:100387. [PMID: 35559893 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale phosphorus (P)-based formulations are being investigated as potentially new fertilizers to overcome the challenges of conventional bulk P fertilizers in agriculture, including low efficacy rates and high application levels. After agricultural applications, the NMs may be released into aquatic environments and transform over time (by aging) or in the presence of abiotic factors such as natural organic matter or sunlight exposure. It is, therefore, important to investigate the physicochemical changes of NMs in environmentally realistic conditions and assess their potential acute and sublethal toxic effects on aquatic organisms. To investigate this, two separate studies were conducted: 1. the effects of 3-months aged P-based NMs on zebrafish embryos, and 2. the influence of humic acid (HA), UV exposure, or a combination of both on P-based NM toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Four different types of nanohydroxyapatites (nHAPs) and a nanophosphorus (nP) were included in the study. These NMs differed in their physicochemical properties, most prominently their shape and size. Environmental transformations were observed for P-based NMs due to aging or interaction with abiotic factors. The aging of the NMs increased the hydrodynamic diameter (HDD) of rod- and needle-shaped NMs and decreased the size of the platelet and spherical NMs, whereas interactions with HA and UV decreased the NMs' HDD. It was observed that no LC50 (survival) and IC50 (hatch and heart rates) were obtained when the zebrafish embryos were exposed to the aged NMs or when NMs were added in the presence of HA and UV. Overall, these results suggest that P-based NMs cause no acute toxicity and minimal sub-lethal toxicity to zebrafish embryos in environmentally realistic experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Priyam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), DS Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Pushplata Prasad Singh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), DS Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Luis O B Afonso
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Aaron G Schultz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia.
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18
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Chen X, Zheng J, Teng M, Zhang J, Qian L, Duan M, Wang Z, Wang C. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tralopyril affect carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism of zebrafish (Danio rerio) by disrupting mitochondrial function. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112615. [PMID: 34385064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tralopyril (TP), an antifouling biocide, is widely used to prevent heavy biofouling, and can have potential risks to aquatic organisms. However, there is little information available on the toxicity of tralopyril to aquatic organisms. In this study, the effect of TP on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and related mechanisms were evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Adverse modifications in carbohydrate metabolism were observed in larvae: hexokinase (HK) activity, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were significantly decreased; and transcript expression of genes (GK, HK1, and PCK1) was also significantly changed. Changes of TG content, FAS activity and transcript expression of genes (ACO, ehhadh, and fas) indicate that TP disrupt lipid metabolism in zebrafish larvae. The change in expression of genes (ndufs4, Sdhα, and uqcrc2) involved in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and genes (polg1 and tk2) involved in the mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription indicates that these adverse effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguang Chen
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyue Zheng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Le Qian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- The Institute of Plant Production, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Science, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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19
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Gomes NO, Mendonça CD, Machado SAS, Oliveira ON, Raymundo-Pereira PA. Flexible and integrated dual carbon sensor for multiplexed detection of nonylphenol and paroxetine in tap water samples. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:359. [PMID: 34599426 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex detection of emerging pollutants is essential to improve quality control of water treatment plants, which requires portable systems capable of real-time monitoring. In this paper we describe a flexible, dual electrochemical sensing device that detects nonylphenol and paroxetine in tap water samples. The platform contains two voltammetric sensors, with different working electrodes that were either pretreated or functionalized. Each working electrode was judiciously tailored to cover the concentration range of interest for nonylphenol and paroxetine, and square wave voltammetry was used for detection. An electrochemical pretreatment with sulfuric acid on the printed electrode enabled a selective detection of nonylphenol in 1.0-10 × 10-6 mol L-1 range with a limit of detection of 8.0 × 10-7 mol L-1. Paroxetine was detected in the same range with a limit of detection of 6.7 × 10-7 mol L-1 using the printed electrode coated with a layer of carbon spherical shells. Simultaneous detection of the two analytes was achieved in tap water samples within 1 min, with no fouling and no interference effects. The long-term monitoring capability of the dual sensor was demonstrated in phosphate buffer for 45 days. This performance is statistically equivalent to that of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for water analysis. The dual-sensor platform is generic and may be extended to other water pollutants and clinical biomarkers in real-time monitoring of the environment and health conditions. Silver pseudo-reference electrodes for paroxetine (REP) and nonylphenol (REN), working electrodes for paroxetine (WP) and nonylphenol (WN), and auxiliary electrode (AE). USP refers to the University of Sao Paulo. "Red" is reduced form and "Oxi" is oxidized form of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia O Gomes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Camila D Mendonça
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Sergio A S Machado
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Raymundo-Pereira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil.
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