1
|
Illarze M, Arim M, Ramos-Jiliberto R, Borthagaray AI. Community connectivity and local heterogeneity explain animal species co-occurrences within pond communities. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 38877697 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Metacommunity processes have the potential to determine most features of the community structure. However, species diversity has been the dominant focus of studies. Nestedness, modularity and checkerboard distribution of species occurrences are main components of biodiversity organisation. Within communities, these patterns emerge from the interaction between functional diversity, spatial heterogeneity and resource availability. Additionally, the connectivity determines the pool of species for community assembly and, eventually, the pattern of species co-occurrence within communities. Despite the recognised theoretical expectations, the change in occurrence patterns within communities along ecological gradients has seldom been considered. Here, we analyse the spatial occurrence of animal species along sampling units within 18 temporary ponds and its relationship with pond environments and geographic isolation. Isolated ponds presented a nested organisation of species with low spatial segregation-modularity and checkerboard-and the opposite was found for communities with high connectivity. A pattern putatively explained by high functional diversity in ponds with large connectivity and heterogeneity, which determines that species composition tracks changes in microhabitats. On the contrary, nestedness is promoted in dispersal-limited communities with low functional diversity, where microhabitat filters mainly affect richness without spatial replacement between functional groups. Vegetation biomass promotes nestedness, probably due to the observed increase in spatial variance in biomass with the mean biomass. Similarly, the richness of vegetation reduced the spatial segregation of animals within communities. This result may be due to the high plant diversity of the pond that is observed similarly along all sampling units, which promotes the spatial co-occurrence of species at this scale. In the study system, the spatial arrangement of species within communities is related to local drivers as heterogeneity and metacommunity processes by means of dispersal between communities. Patterns of species co-occurrence are interrelated with community biodiversity and species interactions, and consequently with most functional and structural properties of communities. These results indicate that understanding the interplay between metacommunity processes and co-occurrence patterns is probably more important than previously thought to understand biodiversity assembly and functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Illarze
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Matías Arim
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | | | - Ana I Borthagaray
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goes MCA, Barros MUG, Neto IEL. Prediction of total phosphorus in reservoir cascade systems. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1550. [PMID: 38030894 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Reservoir cascade systems have attracted the attention of scientists worldwide. The present study investigates the cascade of five reservoirs (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) along a 192-km water channel system located in the state of Ceará, in the Brazilian semiarid region. This cascade system was implemented in 2012 to promote water availability and security to the capital of Ceará and the strategic industry and port complex of the region. However, these reservoirs have faced a progressive degradation of water quality, which has resulted in intense eutrophication and high-water treatment costs. The study evaluates the dynamics of water quality from 2013 to 2021 along this reservoir cascade (from R1 to R5). The results revealed that water quality did not improve along the cascade system, differently from previous studies on reservoirs interconnected by natural rivers. This was attributed to the low water residence time and low capacity of pollutant removal along the man-made water channel system, as well as to the high internal phosphorus loads of the reservoirs. Multiple regression models involving the explanatory variables of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll-a, cyanobacteria, transparency, rainfall, and volume from upstream reservoirs were obtained to determine total phosphorus concentration in downstream reservoirs, considering different combinations of reservoir pairs in the cascade and different time delays. A clear trend of R2 decline with the distance between the upstream and downstream reservoirs was observed. For example, the R2 values for the correlations adjusted between R1 and R2 (48 km), R1 and R3 (172 km), R1 and R4 (178 km), and R1 and R5 (192 km) were 0.66, 0.32, 0.22, and 0.12, respectively. On the other hand, the adoption of time delays of the order of the cumulative residence times of the reservoirs promoted a significant improvement in the R2 values. For instance, the best correlation adjusted between R1 and R5 improved from R2 = 0.12 to 0.69 by considering a time delay of 21 months. This suggests that previous data from upstream reservoirs can be used to predict current and future total phosphorus concentration in downstream reservoirs. The results from this study are important to better understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality in reservoir cascade systems and thus improve water resources management, especially in drylands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Correia Aragão Goes
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Bl. 713, Fortaleza, 60.451-970, Brazil
| | | | - Iran Eduardo Lima Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Bl. 713, Fortaleza, 60.451-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andreia Dos Santos J, Barbosa Silva C, Soares de Santana H, Cano-Barbacil C, Agostinho AA, Normando FT, Cabeza JR, Roland F, García-Berthou E. Assessing the short-term response of fish assemblages to damming of an Amazonian river. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114571. [PMID: 35085970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The enormous biodiversity of tropical freshwater combined with a considerable increase in the construction of reservoirs urges to understand the ecological effects caused by damming. Using rarely available data obtained before (one year) and after (four years) the filling of a hydroelectric plant on the Teles Pires River (Amazon River basin), the effects on abundance, biomass, and diversity of the fish assemblage were evaluated using two complementary approaches: a BACI (before-after-control-impact) design with mixed models and analyses of covariance. Significant Before-After × Control-Impact interactions in abundance, biomass, and species richness were observed, with decreases of abundance and species richness and more stable biomass after filling. Some abundant species, such as Jupiaba polylepis, Jupiaba acanthogaster, Knodus cf. heteresthes, and Moenkhausia lepidura among others, declined in abundance or disappeared from the impact sites. However, temporal and particularly spatial variation independent of damming explained more variation in all the response variables analyzed, including species composition, and analyses of covariance demonstrated general negative trends irrespective of damming. This study illustrates the usefulness of BACI designs to assess the effects of damming but also that other statistical approaches are complementary, given the difficulty of identifying control sites and the short length of most ecological time series. The results also suggest that preserving tributaries upstream of reservoirs and natural regimes of spatial and temporal environmental variation might help to mitigate the impacts of damming in tropical ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Andreia Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Camila Barbosa Silva
- Bios Consultoria e Serviços Ambientais Ltda, Rua José Claudino, 318A, Bairro Centro, CEP: 37200-222, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Setor de Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Herick Soares de Santana
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Águas Lindas de Goiás, R. 21 - Jardim Querência, CEP 72910-733, Águas Lindas de Goiás, GO, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Cano-Barbacil
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Angelo Antonio Agostinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais - PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Talin Normando
- Bios Consultoria e Serviços Ambientais Ltda, Rua José Claudino, 318A, Bairro Centro, CEP: 37200-222, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - João Rodrigo Cabeza
- Usina Hidrelétrica de Teles Pires (CHTP), Margem Direita Do rio Teles Pires, Zona Rural, S/N, 68195-000, Jacareacanga, PA, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Roland
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
| | - Emili García-Berthou
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barros ACVF, Pereira AD, Garcia DAZ, Jarduli LR, Vidotto-Magnoni AP, Orsi ML. Fish defaunation in reservoirs of the Lower Paranapanema River basin, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Until now no study has used a defaunation index to quantify the decline of Neotropical freshwater fishes in environments fragmented by dams and reservoirs. So, we applied this index to 143 native fish in five reservoirs in the Lower Paranapanema River, that is situated in one of the Brazilian aquatic environments most impacted by anthropic degradation. Fish species were classified according to their functional groups, which were selected according to the biological characteristics that may reflect in defaunation events. The biggest reservoir in area with more tributaries and forest cover showed lowest defaunation index. The functional groups of fishes more affected by defaunation included species characterized by periphytivores, invertivores and algivores, non-migratory habit, with external fertilization, and parental care. Although reservoirs have different characteristics, this method can be tested in any other hydrographic basin. The results suggested continued conservation efforts to preserve the integrity of tributaries and the native fishes in reservoirs and pointed out the importance of maintaining native vegetation cover and fish restocking programs in the reservoirs with the highest defaunation values. Our finding can be use as the first data source for future studies using this defaunation index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Deivid Pereira
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil; Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Brasil
| | | | - Lucas Ribeiro Jarduli
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil; Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pelicice FM, Bialetzki A, Camelier P, Carvalho FR, García-Berthou E, Pompeu PS, Mello FTD, Pavanelli CS. Human impacts and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fish diversity. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Neotropical Ichthyology promotes the Special Issue (SI) “Human impacts and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fish diversity” with the purpose of publishing relevant scientific articles on the current biodiversity crisis and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fishes in the Anthropocene. The SI is composed of 22 publications, being two review articles and 20 original articles. A total of 107 researchers contributed to these papers, involving 44 institutions based in Brazil and six other countries. Published articles investigated main anthropic activities and their impacts on fish diversity, with special focus on river regulation, mining, land use changes, aquaculture, and fisheries. Studies provided evidence about the loss of fish diversity in the Neotropics, including fish kill events, demographic changes, contamination, changes in assemblage structure, loss of taxonomic and functional diversity, besides the degradation of ecosystem functions and services, and the lack of effective protection and conservation. Studies were conducted in rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs from different Neotropical systems. The studies published in this SI represent a relevant sample of the current worrisome situation of freshwater fishes in the Neotropical region and call for urgent revision in environmental policies, management and conservation initiatives, and socioeconomic priorities.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferraz JD, Casimiro ACR, Garcia DAZ, Pereira AD, Jarduli LR, Almeida FSD, Orsi ML. Taxonomic loss and functional reduction over time in the ichthyofauna of the Taquaruçu Reservoir, lower Paranapanema River, Southern Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract We evaluated the fish composition and ecological attributes of the ichthyofauna collected in a limnological zone of the Taquaruçu Reservoir, lower Paranapanema River. Information about the fish community was updated when compared to the previous study (2006). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed differences in species composition between periods and community weighted means (CWMs) exhibited changes in functional composition over time. Four functional indices were used in the principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) to measure changes in the functional space of species, whereas functional β-diversity inspected differences in the traits composition between the periods. 1,203 individuals were sampled of 43 species, being 16 non-native and 14 new records. Compared to 2006, 27 species were absent, most of them native to Loricariidae and Anostomidae, while Curimatidae and Pimelodidae decreased in abundance. Functional indexes showed a reduction in functional diversity, whereas new species records exhibited functional redundancy. It might have occurred a simplification of the fish community over time, excluding the migratory and specialists species such as the herbivores and detritivores. Accordingly, we concluded that the ichthyofauna of the Taquaruçu Reservoir might have been undergoing a process towards biotic homogenization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João D. Ferraz
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucas R. Jarduli
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil; Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Brazil
| | | | - Mário L. Orsi
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|