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Bashir M, Hassan NU, Ibrahim M, Ali HM, Tahir MH, Naseem K, Sultana N, Tariq MI, Irfan RM, Zain H, Nadeem M, Tariq AA. Synergistic Interaction during Copyrolysis of Soybean Straw and Tire Waste: Improving Emissions and Product Quality. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32697-32705. [PMID: 39100299 PMCID: PMC11292629 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
This study explores copyrolysis of soybean straw (SS) with hydrogen-rich tire waste (TW) to enhance pyrolytic product quality and reduce pollutant emissions. Addition of TW increased SS biomass conversion from 67.19 to 72.46% and decreased coke/residue formation from 32.81 to 27.54%. The activation energy dropped to 121.84 kJ/mol from 160.73 kJ/mol (as calculated by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method) and 122.78 kJ/mol from 159.76 kJ/mol (as calculated by the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method). Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) showed lowered CO2, NO2, and SO2 emissions (5.58, 5.72, 3.38) compared to conventional SS pyrolysis (18.38, 11.55, 12.37). Yields of value-added chemicals (phenols, olefins, aromatics) increased (32.38, 22.17, 30.18%) versus conventional SS pyrolysis (23.56, 13.78, 20.36%). Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py/GC-MS) analysis reveals that the addition of TW leads to a decrease in the production of oxygenates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reducing their yields to 8.96 and 7.67%, respectively, down from 19.37 and 14.37%. Simultaneously, it enhances the yields of olefins, aromatics, phenols, and aliphatic hydrocarbons to 23.38, 26.78, 26.17, and 25.78%, respectively, compared to 15.37%, 15.29, 18.36, and 17.25%, respectively, in the absence of TW. In summary, copyrolysis of TW with SS improves product quality and reduces pollutant emissions, marking a significant research contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bashir
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Najam Ul Hassan
- Department
of Physics, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Government College
University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassir Hussain Tahir
- Research
Faculty of Agriculture; Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, 060-0811, Japan
| | - Khalida Naseem
- Department
of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 510000, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Sultana
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Hina Zain
- Department
of Chemistry, The Superior University, Lahore 51000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department
of Chemistry, The Superior University, Lahore 51000, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali Tariq
- Department
of Chemistry, The Superior University, Lahore 51000, Pakistan
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2
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Battulga B, Munkhbat D, Matsueda M, Atarashi-Andoh M, Oyuntsetseg B, Koarashi J, Kawahigashi M. Uncovering the characteristics of plastic-associated biofilm from the inland river system of Mongolia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124427. [PMID: 38914199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence and characteristics of plastic debris in aquatic and terrestrial environments have been extensively studied. However, limited information exists on the properties and dynamic behavior of plastic-associated biofilms in the environment. In this study, we collected plastic samples from an inland river system in Mongolia and extracted biofilms to uncover their characteristics using spectroscopic, isotopic, and thermogravimetric techniques. Mixtures of organic and mineral particles were detected in the extracted biofilms, revealing plastic as a carrier for exogenous substances, including contaminants, in the river ecosystem. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the predominant contribution of minerals primarily comprising aluminosilicate and calcite, representing approximately 80 wt% of the biofilms. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry operated at 25°C-600 °C enabled the detection of gaseous decomposition products, such as CO2, H2O, CO, and functional groups (O-H, C-H, C-O, CO, CC, and C-C), released from biopolymers in the extracted biofilms. Dehydration, dehydroxylation, and decarboxylation reactions explain the thermal properties of biofilms. The stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios of the biofilms demonstrated variable signatures ranging from -24.1‰ to -27.0‰ and 3.1‰-12.3‰, respectively. A significant difference in the δ13C value (p < 0.05) among the upstream, middle, and downstream research sites could be characterized by available organic carbon sources in the river environment, depending on the research sites. This study provides insights into the characteristics and environmental behavior of biofilms which are useful to elucidate the impact of plastic-associated biofilms on organic matter and material cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batdulam Battulga
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan; Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Dolgormaa Munkhbat
- Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsueda
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Mariko Atarashi-Andoh
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Bolormaa Oyuntsetseg
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Mongolia, Ikh Surguuliin Gudamj-1, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia
| | - Jun Koarashi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kawahigashi
- Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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Cao H, Zhan H, Qi J, Lin S, Ren M, Liang J, Evrendilek F, He Y, Liu J. Atmosphere-dependent combustion of Ganoderma lucidum biomass toward its enhanced transformability into green energy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42372-42387. [PMID: 38874757 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the circular efficiency of biomass resources has become a priority due to the depletion and negative environmental impacts of fossil fuels. This study aimed to quantify the atmosphere-dependent combustion of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) biomass and its thermodynamic and kinetic parameters toward enhancing its circularity and transformability characteristics. The GL combustion occurred in the three stages of moisture removal, volatile release, and coke combustion. Combustion performance characteristics were more favorable in the N2/O2 atmosphere than in the CO2/O2 atmosphere under the same heating rates. The rising heating rate facilitated the release of volatiles. According to the model-free methods of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, the activation energies essential for the primary reaction were 283.09 kJ/mol and 288.28 kJ/mol in the N2/O2 atmosphere and 233.09 kJ/mol and 235.64 kJ/mol in the CO2/O2 atmosphere. The gaseous products of the GL combustion included CH4, H2O, C = O, CO, CO2, NH3, C = C, and C-O(H). Ash prepared in both atmospheres exhibited a tendency for slag formation, with oxy-fuel combustion lowering its risk. This study thus provides a theoretical and practical basis for transforming GL residues into a sustainable energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Cao
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hongda Zhan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianying Qi
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingzhong Ren
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yao He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Kumari B, Chauhan S, Chauhan GS, Kumar K, Jamwal P, Ranote S. A two-in-one thiosemicarbazide and whole pine needle-based adsorbent for rapid and efficient adsorption of methylene blue dye and mercuric ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21591-21609. [PMID: 38396177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of an oxidized pine needle-thiosemicarbazone Schiff base (OPN-TSC) from whole pine needles (WPN) as a dual-purpose adsorbent to remove a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), and Hg2+ ions in separate processes. The adsorbent was synthesized by periodate oxidation of WPN followed by a reaction with thiosemicarbazide. The syntheses of OPN and OPN-TSC were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, BET, and surface charge analysis. The emergence of new peaks at 1729 cm-1 (-CHO stretching) and 1639 cm-1 (-COO- stretching) in the FTIR spectrum of OPN confirmed the oxidation of WPN to OPN. FTIR spectrum of OPN-TSC has a peak at 1604 cm-1 (C = N stretching), confirming the functionalization of OPN to OPN-TSC. XRD studies revealed an increase in the crystallinity of OPN and a decrease in the crystallinity of OPN-TSC because of the attachment of thiosemicarbazide to OPN. The values of %removal for MB and Hg2+ ions by OPN-TSC were found to be 87.36% and 98.2% with maximum adsorption capacity of 279.3 mg/g and 196 mg/g for MB and Hg2+ ions, respectively. The adsorption of MB followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with correlation coefficient (R2 of 0.99383) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.97239), whereas Hg2+ ion removal demonstrated the Elovich (R2 = 0.97076) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.95110). OPN-TSC is regenerable with significant recyclability up to 10 cycles for both the adsorbates. The studies established OPN-TSC as a low-cost, sustainable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, and promising adsorbent for the removal of hazardous cationic dyes and toxic metal ions from wastewater and industrial effluents, especially the textile effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
| | - Sandeep Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005.
| | - Ghanshyam S Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
| | - Pooja Jamwal
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
| | - Sunita Ranote
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
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5
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Kaya N, Carus Özkeser E, Yıldız Uzun Z. Investigating the effectiveness of rice husk-derived low-cost activated carbon in removing environmental pollutants: a study of its characterization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:427-447. [PMID: 37583119 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2246584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemically activated biochar was produced through the pyrolysis of rice husk. Thermal gravimetric and elemental analysis were conducted to characterize the raw rice husk. The activated biochar product underwent evaluation through SEM, BET and, FT-IR analysis. This cost-effective activated carbon was utilized as an adsorbent for the elimination of environmental pollutants. At a temperature of 25 °C, the activated biochar product exhibited an impressive maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 152 mg/g. This exceptional performance can be attributed to its notable surface area and porosity, measuring at 2,298 m2/g and 0.812 cm3/g, respectively. This product was also utilized to remove methyl red (MR) dye from an aqueous solution. The optimal parameters for the removal of MR were determined as follows: a pH of 6.0, a temperature of 25 °C, an initial MR concentration of 50 mg/L, and an adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g/L. At a duration of 140 min, the system attained its maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity, reaching a value of 62.06 mg/g. Furthermore, the calculated maximum MR removal efficiency stood at an impressive 99.31%. The thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the MR removal process was spontaneous, exothermic, and increased randomness. Kinetic studies suggested that the pseudo-second-order model can fit well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Kaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Zeynep Yıldız Uzun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
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Kumari B, Chauhan GS, Ranote S, Jamwal P, Kumar R, Kumar K, Chauhan S. KMnO 4-oxidized whole pine needle based adsorbent for selective and efficient removal of cationic dyes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:178-192. [PMID: 37409646 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2231555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the chemical modification of the dried and fallen pine needles (PNs) via a simple protocol using KMnO4 oxidation. The oxidized PNs (OPNs) were evaluated as adsorbents using some cationic and anionic dyes. The successful synthesis of OPNs adsorbent was characterized by various techniques to ascertain its structural attributes. The adsorbent showed selectivity for the cationic dyes with 96.11% removal (Pr) for malachite green (MG) and 89.68% Pr for methylene blue (MB) in 120 min. Kinetic models namely, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Elovich were applied to have insight into adsorption. Additionally, three adsorption isotherms, i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin were also applied. The dye adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 > 0.99912 for MG and R2 > 0.9998 for MB. The adsorbent followed the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 223.2 mg/g and 156.9 mg/g for MG and MB, respectively. Furthermore, the OPNs showed remarkable regeneration and recyclability up to nine adsorption-desorption cycles with appreciable adsorption for both the dyes. The use of OPNs as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes from wastewater, therefore, provides an ecologically benign, low-cost, and sustainable solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | | | - Sunita Ranote
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Pooja Jamwal
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Jagdish Chandra DAV College, Dasuya, India
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Sandeep Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
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7
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Aniśko J, Barczewski M. Uniaxial Rotational Molding of Bio-Based Low-Density Polyethylene Filled with Black Tea Waste. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103641. [PMID: 37241268 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the possibility of obtaining uniaxially rotomolded composite parts was discussed. The used matrix was bio-based low-density polyethylene (bioLDPE) filled with black tea waste (BTW) to prevent the thermooxidation of samples during processing. In rotational molding technology, the material is held at an elevated temperature in a molten state for a relatively long time, which can result in polymer oxidation. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows that adding 10 wt% of black tea waste has not led to the formation of carbonyl compounds in polyethylene, and adding 5 wt% and above prevents the appearance of the C-O stretching band connected with degradation of LDPE. The rheological analysis proved the stabilizing effect of black tea waste on the polyethylene matrix. The same temperature conditions of rotational molding did not change the chemical composition of black tea but slightly influenced the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts; the detected changes suggest degradation is a color change, and the total color change parameter (ΔE) is 25. The oxidation level of unstabilized polyethylene measured using the carbonyl index exceeds 1.5 and gradually decreases with the addition of BTW. The BTW filler did not influence the melting properties of bioLDPE; the melting and crystallization temperature remained stable. The addition of BTW deteriorates the composite mechanical performance, including Young modulus and tensile strength, compared to the neat bioLDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Aniśko
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
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8
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Guo H, Zhao Y, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Inhibitor formation and detoxification during lignocellulose biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127666. [PMID: 35878776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For lignocellulose biorefinery, pretreatment is needed to maximize the cellulose accessibility, frequently generating excess inhibitory substances to decline the efficiency of the subsequent fermentation processes. This mini-review updates the current research efforts to detoxify the adverse impacts of generated inhibitors on the performance of biomass biorefinery. The lignocellulose pretreatment processes are first reviewed. The generation of inhibitors, furans, furfural, phenols, formic acid, and acetic acid, from the lignocellulose, with their action mechanisms, are listed. Then the detoxification processes are reviewed, from which the biological detoxification processes are noted as promising and worth further study. The challenges and prospects for applying biological detoxification in lignocellulose biorefinery are outlined. Integrated studies considering the entire biorefinery should be performed on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-li 32003, Taiwan.
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De Sá IC, De Oliveira PM, Nossol E, Borges PHS, Lepri FG, Semaan FS, Dornellas RM, Pacheco WF. Modified dry bean pod waste (Phaseolus vulgaris) as a biosorbent for fluorescein removal from aqueous media: Batch and fixed bed studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127723. [PMID: 34823949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the use of dry bean pods as a solid phase for fluorescein removal from water. The non-pretreated solid phase did not display any sorption properties for the chosen dye. However, interesting sorption properties were observed following a chemical derivative treatment with nitric acid. The study was carried out using both batch and column approaches. Regarding the batch study, all parameters that influence sorption capacity, such, as pH, adsorbent mass, ionic strength, temperature and contact time, were evaluated. A sorptive capacity of 36.80 mg g-1 was obtained in the optimized condition. In the fixed column bed study, the influence of particle size, flow rate and initial concentration of the dye were evaluated through breakthrough curves and a sorptive capacity of 4.35 mg g-1 was obtained. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous. Four different models, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Patterson, were employed. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was employed to rank the best equilibrium model, which was determined as the Freundlich isotherm. The method was applied to a real sample and the same removal rate was obtained, thus indicating its suitability to wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C De Sá
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Analítica, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - P M De Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Analítica, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - E Nossol
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - P H S Borges
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio G Lepri
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Analítica, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - F S Semaan
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Analítica, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - R M Dornellas
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Analítica, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - W F Pacheco
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Analítica, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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