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Jagaba AH, Abdulazeez I, Lawal DU, Affam AC, Mu'azu ND, Soja UB, Usman AK, Noor A, Lim JW, Aljundi IH. A review on the application of biochar as an innovative and sustainable biocarrier material in moving bed biofilm reactors for dye removal from environmental matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:333. [PMID: 39026137 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dye decolorization through biological treatment techniques has been gaining momentum as it is based on suspended and attached growth biomass in both batch and continuous modes. Hence, this review focused on the contribution of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) in dye removal. MBBR have been demonstrated to be an excellent technology for pollution extraction, load shock resistance, and equipment size and energy consumption reduction. The review went further to highlight different biocarrier materials for biofilm development this review identified biochar as an innovative and environmentally friendly material produced through the application of different kinds of reusable or recyclable wastes and biowastes. Biochar as a carbonized waste biomass could be a better competitor and environmentally friendly substitute to activated carbon given its lower mass costs. Biochar can be easily produced particularly in rural locations where there is an abundance of biomass-based trash. Given that circular bioeconomy lowers dependency on natural resources by turning organic wastes into an array of useful products, biochar empowers the creation of competitive goods. Thus, biochar was identified as a novel, cost-effective, and long-term management strategy since it brings about several essential benefits, including food security, climate change mitigation, biodiversity preservation, and sustainability improvement. This review concludes that integrating two treatment methods could greatly lead to better color, organic matter, and nutrients removal than a single biological MBBR treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ismail Abdulazeez
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahiru U Lawal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nuhu Dalhat Mu'azu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31451, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usman Bala Soja
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, P.M.B., 5001, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Kilaco Usman
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, 39524, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmatullah Noor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Biju LM, K VG, Senthil Kumar P, Kavitha R, Rajagopal R, Rangasamy G. Application of Salvinia sps. in remediation of reactive mixed azo dyes and Cr (VI) - Its pathway elucidation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114635. [PMID: 36309215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emerging industrialization has resulted in the rapid growth of textile industries across the globe. The presence of xenobiotic pollutants in textile wastewater threatens the ecosystem. Applying different microbes (bacteria, fungi & algae) has paved the way for phytoremediation - the eco-friendly, cost-effective method. The present study focuses on the phytoremediation of reactive dyes - Reactive red, Reactive Brown & Reactive Black and Cr (VI) in synthetic textile wastewater using Salvinia sps. The mixed azo dyes of each 100 mg/L showed decolourization of 75 ± 0.5% and 82 ± 0.5% of removal of 20 mg/L of Cr (VI) after eight days of incubation in a phytoreactor setup. Chlorophyll analysis revealed the gradual decrease in the photosynthetic pigments during the remediation. The degraded metabolites were analyzed using FT-IR and showed the presence of aromatic amines on day zero, which were converted to aliphatic amines on day four. The GC-MS analysis revealed the disruption of -NN- bond, rupture of -CN- bond, scission of -N-N-bond, and loss of -SO3H from the Reactive Black dye leading to the formation of an intermediate p-Hydroxy phenylhydrazinyl. The rupture of Reactive red dye resulted in the formation of p-Hydrazinyl toluene sulphonic acid, Naphthyl amine -3,6-disulphonic acid and 8-Hydroxy Naphthyl amine -3,6-disulphonic acid. Decarboxylation, desulphonation, deoxygenation and deamination of Reactive Brown dye showed the presence of different metabolites and metabolic pathways were proposed for the reactive azo dyes which were phytoremediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Merlin Biju
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India; Department of Microbiology, Kumararani Meena Muthiah College of Arts & Science, India
| | - Veena Gayathri K
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
| | - R Kavitha
- Department of Chemistry, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India; Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College, Chennai, India
| | - Revathy Rajagopal
- Department of Chemistry, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Abstract
The accumulation of waste and toxic compounds has become increasingly harmful to the environment and human health. In this context, the use of laccases has become a focus of interest, due to the properties of these versatile enzymes: low substrate specificity, and water formation as a non-toxic end product. Thus, we begin our study with a general overview of the importance of laccase for the environment and industry, starting with the sources of laccases (plant, bacterial and fungal laccases), the structure and mechanism of laccases, microbial biosynthesis, and the immobilization of laccases. Then, we continue with an overview of agro-waste treatment by laccases wherein we observe the importance of laccases for the biodisponibilization of substrates and the biodegradation of agro-industrial byproducts; we then show some aspects regarding the degradation of xenobiotic compounds, dyes, and pharmaceutical products. The objective of this research is to emphasize and fully investigate the effects of laccase action on the decomposition of lignocellulosic materials and on the removal of harmful compounds from soil and water, in order to provide a sustainable solution to reducing environmental pollution.
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Pan D, Shao S, Zhong J, Wang M, Wu X. Performance and mechanism of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal in long-term moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126726. [PMID: 35093525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The long-term moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with carrier-attached biofilm was successfully operated for simultaneous removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD at various C/N ratios. Results indicated that 99.60%, 63.58%, 78.94%, and 59.64% of NH4+-N, NO3--N, TN, and TP were removed at C/N ratio, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and carrier film amount of 5, 40 h, and 1.2 mg·g-1. Nitrogen balance analysis showed that more than 89% of nitrogen (C/N = 20, 15, 10, 5) was converted to gas products. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), electron transport system activity (ETSA), and enzyme activity of biofilm were evaluated. Protein (PN)/polysaccharose (PS) values and ETSA decreased with the decrease of C/N ratios. Metagenomics sequencing further revealed that the prominent phyla for nitrogen and phosphorus removal were identified including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Chloroflexi. Proteobacteriaand Gammaproteobacteria were identified as the dominant denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) at the phylum and class level, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Pan
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Sicheng Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China.
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Khan MJ, Singh N, Mishra S, Ahirwar A, Bast F, Varjani S, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Rajendran K, Banu JR, Saratale GD, Saratale RG, Vinayak V. Impact of light on microalgal photosynthetic microbial fuel cells and removal of pollutants by nanoadsorbent biopolymers: Updates, challenges and innovations. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132589. [PMID: 34678344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) with microalgae have huge potential for treating wastewater while simultaneously converting light energy into electrical energy. The efficiency of such cells directly depends on algal growth, which depends on light intensity. Higher light intensity results in increased potential as well as enhancement in generation of biomass rich in biopolymers. Such biopolymers are produced either by microbes at anode and algae at cathode or vice versa. The biopolymers recovered from these biological sources can be added in wastewater alone or in combination with nanomaterials to act as nanoadsorbents. These nanoadsorbents further increase the efficiency of PMFC by removing the pollutants like metals and dyes. In this review firstly the effect of different light intensities on the growth of microalgae, importance of diatoms in a PMFC and their impact on PMFCs efficiencies have been narrated. Secondly recovery of biopolymers from different biological sources and their role in removal of metals, dyes along with their impact on circular bioeconomy have been discussed. Thereafter bottlenecks and future perspectives in this field of research have been narrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Nikhil Singh
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Sudhanshu Mishra
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Felix Bast
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda-VPO, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India.
| | - Benoit Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Karthik Rajendran
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Neerukonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvar, 610005, India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
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