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Zhang K, Wang H, Tappero R, Bhatnagar JM, Vilgalys R, Barry K, Keymanesh K, Tejomurthula S, Grigoriev IV, Kew WR, Eder EK, Nicora CD, Liao HL. Ectomycorrhizal fungi enhance pine growth by stimulating iron-dependent mechanisms with trade-offs in symbiotic performance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1645-1660. [PMID: 38062903 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is crucial for metabolic functions of living organisms. Plants access occluded Fe through interactions with rhizosphere microorganisms and symbionts. Yet, the interplay between Fe addition and plant-mycorrhizal interactions, especially the molecular mechanisms underlying mycorrhiza-assisted Fe processing in plants, remains largely unexplored. We conducted mesocosms in Pinus plants inoculated with different ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) Suillus species under conditions with and without Fe coatings. Meta-transcriptomic, biogeochemical, and X-ray fluorescence imaging analyses were applied to investigate early-stage mycorrhizal roots. While Fe addition promoted Pinus growth, it concurrently reduced mycorrhiza formation rate, symbiosis-related metabolites in plant roots, and aboveground plant carbon and macronutrient content. This suggested potential trade-offs between Fe-enhanced plant growth and symbiotic performance. However, the extent of this trade-off may depend on interactions between host plants and EMF species. Interestingly, dual EMF species were more effective at facilitating plant Fe uptake by inducing diverse Fe-related functions than single-EMF species. This subsequently triggered various Fe-dependent physiological and biochemical processes in Pinus roots, significantly contributing to Pinus growth. However, this resulted in a greater carbon allocation to roots, relatively reducing the aboveground plant carbon content. Our study offers critical insights into how EMF communities rebalance benefits of Fe-induced effects on symbiotic partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Haihua Wang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ryan Tappero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | | | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Keykhosrow Keymanesh
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sravanthi Tejomurthula
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - William R Kew
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Eder
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Lofgren L, Nguyen NH, Kennedy P, Pérez-Pazos E, Fletcher J, Liao HL, Wang H, Zhang K, Ruytinx J, Smith AH, Ke YH, Cotter HVT, Engwall E, Hameed KM, Vilgalys R, Branco S. Suillus: an emerging model for the study of ectomycorrhizal ecology and evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1448-1475. [PMID: 38581203 PMCID: PMC11045321 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Research on mycorrhizal symbiosis has been slowed by a lack of established study systems. To address this challenge, we have been developing Suillus, a widespread ecologically and economically relevant fungal genus primarily associated with the plant family Pinaceae, into a model system for studying ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations. Over the last decade, we have compiled extensive genomic resources, culture libraries, a phenotype database, and protocols for manipulating Suillus fungi with and without their tree partners. Our efforts have already resulted in a large number of publicly available genomes, transcriptomes, and respective annotations, as well as advances in our understanding of mycorrhizal partner specificity and host communication, fungal and plant nutrition, environmental adaptation, soil nutrient cycling, interspecific competition, and biological invasions. Here, we highlight the most significant recent findings enabled by Suillus, present a suite of protocols for working with the genus, and discuss how Suillus is emerging as an important model to elucidate the ecology and evolution of ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Lofgren
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nhu H. Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Māno, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Peter Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Pazos
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jessica Fletcher
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haihua Wang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Group of Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, USA
| | - Alexander H. Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Yi-Hong Ke
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - H. Van T. Cotter
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eiona Engwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khalid M. Hameed
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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Li Q, Han Z, Tian Y, Xiao H, Yang M. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Farmlands and Crops Near Pb-Zn Mine Tailing Ponds in Niujiaotang, China. TOXICS 2023; 11:106. [PMID: 36850980 PMCID: PMC9960355 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To accurately evaluate the pollution and risk of heavy metals in crops and farmlands near mines, we determined the contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in 10 farmland soil sampling sites and six crops (pak choi, rice, spring onion, radish, Chinese cabbage, Chrysanthemum coronarium) in an area near the Niujiaotang Pb-Zn mine in Duyun City, China. Four evaluation methods were compared, including the potential ecological hazard index, Nemeiro comprehensive pollution assessment, risk assessment code, and the ratio of secondary phase to primary phase methods. The average concentration of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn exceeded the soil environmental background levels in Niujiaotang and Guizhou Province. Cd exceeded the standard substantially, and Zn pollution accumulation was the most evident. Heavy metal contamination of crops was in the order pak choi > Chinese cabbage > spring onion > paddy > radish > Chrysanthemum coronarium, whereas heavy metal concentration in crops were in the order Zn > As > Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb. The levels of all heavy metals except Cu exceeded Chinese food hygiene standards. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals in crops present significant risks to adults and children. Risk evaluation considering the morphological contents of heavy metals rather than their total concentration was more accurate for environmental quality assessment of agricultural soils. Samples should be collected at different times to study the spatial and temporal distribution, and further studies on the migration transformation of heavy metals between the tailings pond-soil-crop should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiwei Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Han Xiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Miao Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Branco S, Schauster A, Liao HL, Ruytinx J. Mechanisms of stress tolerance and their effects on the ecology and evolution of mycorrhizal fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2158-2175. [PMID: 35713988 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stress is ubiquitous and disrupts homeostasis, leading to damage, decreased fitness, and even death. Like other organisms, mycorrhizal fungi evolved mechanisms for stress tolerance that allow them to persist or even thrive under environmental stress. Such mechanisms can also protect their obligate plant partners, contributing to their health and survival under hostile conditions. Here we review the effects of stress and mechanisms of stress response in mycorrhizal fungi. We cover molecular and cellular aspects of stress and how stress impacts individual fitness, physiology, growth, reproduction, and interactions with plant partners, along with how some fungi evolved to tolerate hostile environmental conditions. We also address how stress and stress tolerance can lead to adaptation and have cascading effects on population- and community-level diversity. We argue that mycorrhizal fungal stress tolerance can strongly shape not only fungal and plant physiology, but also their ecology and evolution. We conclude by pointing out knowledge gaps and important future research directions required for both fully understanding stress tolerance in the mycorrhizal context and addressing ongoing environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Annie Schauster
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Groups Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Chot E, Reddy MS. Role of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis Behind the Host Plants Ameliorated Tolerance Against Heavy Metal Stress. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855473. [PMID: 35418968 PMCID: PMC8996229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil heavy metal (HM) pollution, which arises from natural and anthropogenic sources, is a prime threat to the environment due to its accumulative property and non-biodegradability. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is highly efficient in conferring enhanced metal tolerance to their host plants, enabling their regeneration on metal-contaminated lands for bioremediation programs. Numerous reports are available regarding ECM fungal potential to colonize metal-contaminated lands and various defense mechanisms of ECM fungi and plants against HM stress separately. To utilize ECM–plant symbiosis successfully for bioremediation of metal-contaminated lands, understanding the fundamental regulatory mechanisms through which ECM symbiosis develops an enhanced metal tolerance in their host plants has prime importance. As this field is highly understudied, the present review emphasizes how plant’s various defense systems and their nutrient dynamics with soil are affected by ECM fungal symbiosis under metal stress, ultimately leading to their host plants ameliorated tolerance and growth. Overall, we conclude that ECM symbiosis improves the plant growth and tolerance against metal stress by (i) preventing their roots direct exposure to toxic soil HMs, (ii) improving plant antioxidant activity and intracellular metal sequestration potential, and (iii) altering plant nutrient uptake from the soil in such a way to enhance their tolerance against metal stress. In some cases, ECM symbiosis promotes HM accumulation in metal stressed plants simultaneous to improved growth under the HM dilution effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetika Chot
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Mondem Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
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