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Wang L, Tan L, Cai Q. Distinct differences of vertical phytoplankton community structure in mainstream and a tributary bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1381798. [PMID: 38584942 PMCID: PMC10995247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1381798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The vertical distribution of phytoplankton plays a crucial role in shaping the dynamics and structure of aquatic communities. In highly dynamic reservoir systems, water level fluctuations significantly affect the physiochemical conditions and the phytoplankton community. However, the specific effects on the vertical characteristics of phytoplankton between the mainstream and the tributary bay of the reservoir remain unstudied. This study investigated the vertical aspects of phytoplankton density, biomass, α and β diversity through monthly sampling over two years in the mainstream (Chang Jiang, CJ) and a tributary bay (Xiang Xi, XX) of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. Phytoplankton density and biomass were significantly higher in XX, indicating an increased risk of algal blooms in the tributary. The phytoplankton community in CJ showed more stable species-environment relationships, a lower Shannon index and a higher evenness index, suggesting a relatively simple structure and a more uniform distribution of phytoplankton among different water layers. Conversely, XX showed greater differences between water layers (higher β diversity), with significant negative correlations with water level and positive correlations with DO difference, dissolved silica (DSi) difference, and stratification. Peak phytoplankton density and biomass, as well as high β diversity in XX, occurred during periods of decreased water levels with strong stratification in spring and summer. A structural equation model complemented by path analysis revealed that a decrease in water level could increase β diversity either directly through internal processes with extended residence time or indirectly by modifying stratification and the vertical distribution of DSi in XX. Therefore, a proposed water quality management strategy for XX was to increase the water level or reduce β diversity by implementing artificial mixing during stratification periods. Overall, this study lies in its comprehensive investigation of the vertical characteristics of the phytoplankton community in both the mainstream and the tributary bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, elucidating the significant impact of water level fluctuations and providing insights for targeted water quality management strategies in the tributary bay to mitigate potential ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qinghua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liao N, Chen Z, Zhang L, Chen M, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang H. Study on the spatiotemporal distribution of algal blooms and its influencing factors in young reservoirs based on remote sensing interpretation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120333. [PMID: 38382430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Algal blooms caused by excessive proliferation of phytoplankton in young reservoirs have been frequently reported, seriously threatening the unstable aquatic ecosystem, water quality safety and public health. Thus, there is an urgent need to investigate the dynamics of phytoplankton in these young reservoirs, and many current studies on phytoplankton in young reservoirs are based on point monitoring information. This study used remote sensing interpretation to invert the chlorophyll-a concentration in 131 images of Zipingpu Reservoir from 2013 to 2021, and analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of algal blooms. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling was used to identify the environmental influencing factors of algal blooms. The results showed that the average chlorophyll-a concentration in the reservoir was 4.49 mg/m3, and the frequency of algal blooms was 28%. The maximum area of algal blooms shows a significant increase trend in the interannual (increase by 0.05%/yr in the proportion of water surface area), and the average blooms area shows a weaker increase trend (0.01%/yr). The prone period of algal bloom is from April to August every year. The solar duration and wind speed had significant direct positive effects on the maximum and average algal bloom area, which was the similar effects in different years and months (path coefficient exceeds 0.44). TP also has a significant direct positive effect on the average algal bloom area between different years (path coefficient of 0.30). The suitable meteorological factors level making the bloom-prone period from April to August, the prevailing westerly and southerly winds provide transport for the aggregation of phytoplankton and algal blooms outbreak in the northeastern waters. This study expand the monitoring frequency and spatial information of algal blooms, which provided a reference for young reservoir management and prevention of blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhuoyu Chen
- Chengdu Jincheng College, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Linglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Northeast Electric Power Design Institute CO., LTD. of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Sichuan Province Zipingpu Development Corporation Limited, Chengdu, 610091, China
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Liao N, Zhang L, Chen M, Li J, Wang H. The influence mechanism of water level operation on algal blooms in canyon reservoirs and bloom prevention. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169377. [PMID: 38101625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The water level operation of reservoirs affects the spatiotemporal patterns of water quality, light-heat, hydrodynamics and phytoplankton, which have implications for algal bloom prevention. However, the theoretical analysis and practical applications of related research are limited. Based on prototype observations and numerical modeling, data on algae, water level operation and environmental factors in the Zipingpu Reservoir from April and September in 2015 to 2017 and 2020 to 2022 were collected. An in-depth analysis of the causal mechanisms between algal blooms and water level operation was performed, and prevention strategies with practical application assessments were developed. Water level operation control in the reservoir from April to September can be divided into five stages (falling-rising-oscillating-falling-rising), with algal blooms occurring only in the second stage. The rising water level with inflow into the middle layers shapes a closed-loop circulation in the surface waters. This distributes the nutrients that were trapped in the surface layer during the first stage, helping algae avoid to phosphorus limitation and thrive in the closed loop circulation, leading to algal blooms (chlorophyll-a exceeding 10 mg/m3). There is a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between algal blooms and the rapid rise in water levels in the second stage, occurring within a span of three days. To contain the algal bloom, a water level operation limit of rising waters on the third day after a two-day consecutive rise in water level was examined. This was found to be effective after its practical application to the case reservoir in 2022, with chlorophyll-a concentrations consistently below 10 mg/m3. This study unveils the mechanisms through which water level operation affects algal blooms and presents a successful case of bloom prevention. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable reference for the management of canyon reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Linglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Sichuan Province Zipingpu Development Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610091, China
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Lu Y, Tuo Y, Zhang L, Hu X, Huang B, Chen M, Li Z. Vertical distribution rules and factors influencing phytoplankton in front of a drinking water reservoir outlet. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166512. [PMID: 37619726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of algal blooms caused by the excessive proliferation of phytoplankton in drinking water reservoirs is becoming increasingly frequent, seriously endangering water quality, ecosystems, water safety, and people's health. Thus, there is urgent need to conduct research on the distribution rules and factors influencing phytoplankton in drinking water reservoirs. Given that the outflows from reservoirs usually come from the middle and lower layers of the water column and the current studies on phytoplankton in drinking water reservoirs are usually carried out on the surface, an 8-month monitoring of vertical phytoplankton and the corresponding influencing factors in front of the outlet in a drinking water reservoir was conducted. Based on the monitoring results, the distribution rules of phytoplankton and the associated factors were analyzed. The results showed that phytoplankton biomass significantly decreased with increasing water depth, but the biomass near the outlet (40 m depth) still reached the WHO level 2 warning threshold for algal blooms multiple times. During the monitoring period, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta dominated. The selected multisource environmental factors explained 60.5 % of the spatiotemporal changes in phytoplankton, with thermal intensity (water temperature and thermal stratification intensity) being the driving factor. Meanwhile, excessive TN and TP provided necessary conditions for the growth of phytoplankton. Based on influencing factors, reducing upstream nutrient inflows and thermal stratification intensity are recommended as measures to prevent and control algal blooms. This study provides insights into the vertical distribution rules and factors influencing phytoplankton in a drinking water reservoir, which can provide a reference for the management of drinking water reservoirs and the prevention and control of algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Youcai Tuo
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Linglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiangying Hu
- Chongqing Liyutang Reservoir Development Corporation Limited, Chongqing 405400, China
| | - Bin Huang
- School of Environmental Science&Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- Chongqing Liyutang Reservoir Development Corporation Limited, Chongqing 405400, China
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Zhang X, Tan L, Cai Q, Ye L. Environmental factors indirectly reduce phytoplankton community stability via functional diversity. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.990835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodiversity-stability relationship is a fundamental subject of ecological research. Considerable evidence demonstrates that biodiversity can either increase or decrease stability. Most relevant research mainly focuses on grassland and forest ecosystems. The biodiversity-stability relationship in aquatic ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To fill the gap, we conducted a year-long study on the phytoplankton of reservoir ecosystems in the Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) to test the following hypotheses: (H1) phytoplankton species richness and functional diversity directly reduce phytoplankton community stability in reservoir ecosystems; (H2) nutrient enrichment and water temperature increasing directly reduce phytoplankton community stability; and (H3) nutrients and water temperature indirectly reduce phytoplankton community stability via biodiversity. The structural equation model (SEM) found that functional diversity (community-weighted means of traits and functional divergence) had significant negative correlations with phytoplankton community stability (p < 0.05), while the species diversity had no significant correlation with phytoplankton community stability (p > 0.05). This finding partially supported the hypothesis H1, which suggested that the functional diversity had a closer tie with stability than the species diversity. SEM did not find any direct effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton community stability, which rejected our hypothesis H2. Instead, SEM found that water temperature and phosphate decreased phytoplankton community stability by increasing the first principal component of the community-weighted means of traits (CWM_PC1), which supported hypothesis H3. Further analysis showed that the increased water temperature and phosphate concentration can promote “r-strategists” species (larger CWM_PC1), which are less resistant to environmental disturbances, therefore decreasing the phytoplankton community stability. Our study highlights the importance of functional diversity in maintaining the relationship between biodiversity and stability in the phytoplankton community, which may provide a mechanistic understanding of the biodiversity-stability relationships in aquatic ecosystems.
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