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Saito K, Dossou-Yovo ER, Ibrahim A. Ratoon rice research: Review and prospect for the tropics. FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 2024; 314:109414. [PMID: 38939327 PMCID: PMC11203393 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Context With increasing labor shortage and production costs, water scarcity and climate change, there is increased interest in ratooning as a green, resource-efficient technology to boost sustainable rice production, especially in China. Since the performance of ratoon rice (regenerating a second crop from the stubble left in the fields after the main harvest) and the impact of agronomic practices on its yield have shown mixed results across the world, a better understanding is needed to determine under which conditions ratoon rice performs well. Objective The objectives are (i) to quantify variation in rice yield of main and ratoon crops, (ii) to assess genetic variation in and impact of agronomic practices on rice yield, focusing on the yield of ratoon crop and total yield (main and ratoon crops), and (iii) review of economic and environmental benefits of ratoon rice in comparison with single and double rice cropping. Methods In researching ratoon rice, we compiled a database from 68 studies published from 2000 to 2023. Descriptive data analysis was performed. Results Studies from non-tropical regions account for about 70%. Large variation exists in the yield of ratoon crop across the studies, with lower yield from the tropics than non-tropics. The ratio of yield of ratoon crop to that of main crop also varied widely from 0.13 to 0.67 with 0.36 and 0.5 in tropics and non-tropics, respectively. The yield of ratoon crop was positively related to the yield of main crop, crop duration and nitrogen fertilizer application rate, which were generally higher in non-tropics. Hybrid varieties out-yielded inbred varieties in both main and ratoon crops in non-tropical regions. Direct seeding and AWD had a positive impact on the yield of ratoon crop. The impact of stubble cutting height was mixed. While agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AEN) during entire ratoon rice cropping was similar to that reported for single rice cropping in previous studies, AEN for ratoon crop in tropical regions tended to be lower than those from previous studies on single rice cropping. Ratoon rice cropping reduced labor input and production cost and increased net economic return compared with double rice cropping. Conclusions We propose a research agenda, with the focus on improvement of genetic and agronomic practices to explore the potential of ratoon rice cropping, especially in the tropics. Implications This study provides insight into the progress in ratoon rice research over the past two decades globally, and specifically in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Saito
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 B.P. 2551, Bouake 01, Cote d’Ivoire
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila 1301, Philippines
| | | | - Ali Ibrahim
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), PMB 82, Abuja 901101, Nigeria
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Xiang J, Zhong L, Yuan Z, Liang L, Yang Z, Xiao Y, Fu Z, Long P, Huang C, Xu Y. Effects of Ratoon Rice Cropping Patterns on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yield in Double-Season Rice Regions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1527. [PMID: 38891339 PMCID: PMC11174394 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The ratoon rice cropping pattern is an alternative to the double-season rice cropping pattern in central China due to its comparable annual yield and relatively lower cost and labor requirements. However, the impact of the ratoon rice cropping pattern on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and yields in the double-season rice region requires further investigation. Here, we compared two cropping patterns, fallow-double season rice (DR) and fallow-ratoon rice (RR), by using two early-season rice varieties (ZJZ17, LY287) and two late-season rice varieties (WY103, TY390) for DR, and two ratoon rice varieties (YLY911, LY6326) for RR. The six varieties constituted four treatments, including DR1 (ZJZ17 + WY103), DR2 (LY287 + TY390), RR1 (YLY911), and RR2 (LY6326). The experimental results showed that conversion from DR to RR cropping pattern significantly altered the GHG emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and GWP per unit yield (yield-scaled GWP). Compared with DR, the RR cropping pattern significantly increased cumulative methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 65.73%, 30.56%, and 47.13%, respectively, in the first cropping season. Conversely, in the second cropping season, the RR cropping pattern effectively reduced cumulative CH4, N2O, and CO2 emissions by 79.86%, 27.18%, and 30.31%, respectively. RR led to significantly lower annual cumulative CH4 emissions, but no significant difference in cumulative annual N2O and CO2 emissions compared with DR. In total, the RR cropping pattern reduced the annual GWP by 7.38% and the annual yield-scaled GWP by 2.48% when compared to the DR cropping pattern. Rice variety also showed certain effects on the yields and GHG emissions in different RR cropping patterns. Compared with RR1, RR2 significantly increased annual yield while decreasing annual GWP and annual yield-scaled GWP. In conclusion, the LY6326 RR cropping pattern may be a highly promising strategy to simultaneously reduce GWP and maintain high grain yield in double-season rice regions in central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Xiang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liusheng Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhixiong Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liqin Liang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhangzhen Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanmei Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pan Long
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Yang Y, Yao F, Sun Y, Yang Z, Li R, Bai G, Lin W, Chen H. Appropriately Reduced Nitrogen and Increased Phosphorus in Ratooning Rice Increased the Yield and Reduced the Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Southeast China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:438. [PMID: 38337971 PMCID: PMC10857620 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving productivity is the core of sustainable agriculture development. In recent years, rice ratooning has developed rapidly in China and other Asian countries, becoming an effective measure to increase rice production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in these regions. However, the lower yield of ratooning rice caused by the application of a single nitrogen fertilizer in the ratooning season has become one of the main reasons limiting the further development of rice ratooning. The combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus plays a crucial role in increasing crop yield and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on ratooning rice remain unclear. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the effect of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on ratooning rice. Two hybrid rice varieties, 'Luyou 1831' and 'Yongyou 1540', were used as experimental materials. A control treatment of nitrogen-only fertilization (187.50 kg·ha-1 N) was set, and six treatments were established by reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 10% (N1) and 20% (N2), and applying three levels of phosphorus fertilizer: N1P1 (168.75 kg·ha-1 N; 13.50 kg·ha-1 P), N1P2 (168.75 kg·ha-1 N; 27.00 kg·ha-1 P), N1P3 (168.75 kg·ha-1 N; 40.50 kg·ha-1 P), N2P1 (150.00 kg·ha-1 N; 13.50 kg·ha-1 P), N2P2 (150.00 kg·ha-1 N; 27.00 kg·ha-1 P), and N2P3 (150.00 kg·ha-1 N; 40.50 kg·ha-1 P). The effects of reduced nitrogen and increased phosphorus treatments in ratooning rice on the yield, the greenhouse gas emissions, and the community structure of rhizosphere soil microbes were examined. The results showed that the yield of ratooning rice in different treatments followed the sequence N1P2 > N1P1 > N1P3 > N2P3 > N2P2 > N2P1 > N. Specifically, under the N1P2 treatment, the average two-year yields of 'Luyou 1831' and 'Yongyou 1540' reached 8520.55 kg·ha-1 and 9184.90 kg·ha-1, respectively, representing increases of 74.30% and 25.79% compared to the N treatment. Different nitrogen and phosphorus application combinations also reduced methane emissions during the ratooning season. Appropriately combined nitrogen and phosphorus application reduced the relative contribution of stochastic processes in microbial community assembly, broadened the niche breadth of microbial communities, enhanced the abundance of functional genes related to methane-oxidizing bacteria and soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the rhizosphere, and decreased the abundance of functional genes related to methanogenic and denitrifying bacteria, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the ratooning season. The carbon footprint of ratooning rice for 'Luyou 1831' and 'Yongyou 1540' decreased by 25.82% and 38.99%, respectively, under the N1P2 treatment compared to the N treatment. This study offered a new fertilization pattern for the green sustainable development of rice ratooning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Yang
- College of JunCao Sciences and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (R.L.); (G.B.); (W.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feifei Yao
- College of JunCao Sciences and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (R.L.); (G.B.); (W.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yangbo Sun
- College of JunCao Sciences and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (R.L.); (G.B.); (W.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- College of JunCao Sciences and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (R.L.); (G.B.); (W.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of JunCao Sciences and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (R.L.); (G.B.); (W.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ge Bai
- College of JunCao Sciences and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (R.L.); (G.B.); (W.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of JunCao Sciences and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (R.L.); (G.B.); (W.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- College of JunCao Sciences and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (R.L.); (G.B.); (W.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Ren X, Cui K, Deng Z, Han K, Peng Y, Zhou J, Zhai Z, Huang J, Peng S. Ratoon Rice Cropping Mitigates the Greenhouse Effect by Reducing CH 4 Emissions through Reduction of Biomass during the Ratoon Season. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3354. [PMID: 37836094 PMCID: PMC10574029 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The ratoon rice cropping system (RR) is developing rapidly in China due to its comparable annual yield and lower agricultural and labor inputs than the double rice cropping system (DR). Here, to further compare the greenhouse effects of RR and DR, a two-year field experiment was carried out in Hubei Province, central China. The ratoon season showed significantly lower cumulative CH4 emissions than the main season of RR, the early season and late season of DR. RR led to significantly lower annual cumulative CH4 emissions, but no significant difference in cumulative annual N2O emissions compared with DR. In RR, the main and ratoon seasons had significantly higher and lower grain yields than the early and late seasons of DR, respectively, resulting in comparable annual grain yields between the two systems. In addition, the ratoon season had significantly lower global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity-based grain yield (GHGI) than the main and late seasons. The annual GWP and GHGI of RR were significantly lower than those of DR. In general, the differences in annual CH4 emissions, GWP, and GHGI could be primarily attributed to the differences between the ratoon season and the late season. Moreover, GWP and GHGI exhibited significant positive correlations with cumulative emissions of CH4 rather than N2O. The leaf area index (LAI) and biomass accumulation in the ratoon season were significantly lower than those in the main season and late season, and CH4 emissions, GWP, and GHGI showed significant positive correlations with LAI, biomass accumulation and grain yield in the ratoon and late season. Finally, RR had significantly higher net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) than DR. Overall, this study indicates that RR is a green cropping system with lower annual CH4 emissions, GWP, and GHGI as well as higher NEEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kehui Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiming Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kaiyan Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Wuxue Agro-Technology Extension Service Center, Wuxue 435499, China
| | - Zhongbing Zhai
- Wuxue Agro-Technology Extension Service Center, Wuxue 435499, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhou W, Long W, Wang H, Long P, Xu Y, Zhong K, Xiong R, Xie F, Chen F, Fu Z. Reducing carbon footprints and increasing net ecosystem economic benefits through dense planting with less nitrogen in double-cropping rice systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 891:164756. [PMID: 37295517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of nitrogen fertilization in farmland systems can cause nitrogen wastage, environmental pollution, and increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Dense planting is one of the efficient strategies for nitrogen fertilizer reduction within rice production. However, there are paying weak attention to the integrative effect of dense planting with less nitrogen (DPLN) on carbon footprint (CF), net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) and its components in double-cropping rice systems. Herein, this work aims to elucidate the effect via field experiments in double-cropping rice cultivation region with the treatments set to conventional cultivation (CK), three treatments of DPLN (DR1, 14 % nitrogen reduction and 40,000 hills per ha density increase from CK; DR2, 28 % nitrogen reduction and 80,000 hills density increase; DR3, 42 % nitrogen reduction and 120,000 hills density increase), and one treatment of no nitrogen (N0). Results showed that DPLN significantly reduced average CH4 emissions by 7.56 %-36 %, while increasing annual rice yield by 2.16 %-12.37 % compared to CK. Furthermore, the paddy ecosystem under DPLN served as a carbon sink. Compared with CK, DR3 increased gross primary productivity (GPP) by 16.04 % while decreasing direct GHG emissions by 13.1 %. The highest NEEB was observed in DR3, which was 25.38 % greater than CK and 1.04-fold higher than N0. Therefore, direct GHG emissions and carbon fixation of GPP were key contributors to CF in double-cropping rice systems. Our results verified that optimizing DPLN strategies can effectively increase economic benefits and reduce net GHG emissions. DR3 achieved an optimal synergy between reducing CF and enhancing NEEB in double-cropping rice systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenfei Long
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pan Long
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kangyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Feipeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fugui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Zhou W, Yan L, Fu Z, Guo H, Zhang W, Liu W, Ye Y, Long P. Increasing Planting Density and Reducing N Application Improves Yield and Grain Filling at Two Sowing Dates in Double-Cropping Rice Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2298. [PMID: 37375923 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Grain filling plays an important role in achieving high grain yield. Manipulating planting densities is recognized as a viable approach to compensate for the reduced yield caused by nitrogen reduction. Understanding the effects of nitrogen fertilization and planting density on superior and inferior grain filling is crucial to ensure grain security. Hence, double-cropping paddy field trials were conducted to investigate the effect of three nitrogen levels (N1, conventional nitrogen application; N2, 10% nitrogen reduction; N3, 20% nitrogen reduction) and three planting densities (D1, conventional planting density; D2, 20% density increase; D3, 40% density increase) on grain yield, yield formation, and grain-filling characteristics at two sowing dates (S1, a conventional sowing date, and S2, a date postponed by ten days) in 2019-2020. The results revealed that the annual yield of S1 was 8.5-14% higher than that of S2. Reducing nitrogen from N2 to N3 decreased the annual yield by 2.8-7.6%, but increasing planting densities from D1 to D3 significantly improved yield, by 6.2-19.4%. Furthermore, N2D3 had the highest yield, which was 8.7-23.8% higher than the plants that had received the other treatments. The rice yield increase was attributed to higher numbers of panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle on the primary branches, influenced by superior grain filling. Increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen application significantly affected grain-filling weight, with the 40% density increase significantly facilitating superior and inferior grain filling with the same nitrogen level. Increasing density can improve superior grains while reducing nitrogen will decrease superior grains. These results suggest that N2D3 is an optimal strategy to increase yield and grain filling for double-cropping rice grown under two sowing-date conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lingling Yan
- Yiyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yiyang 413499, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pan Long
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Lin F, Lin S, Zhang Z, Lin W, Rensing C, Xie D. GF14f gene is negatively associated with yield and grain chalkiness under rice ratooning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1112146. [PMID: 36875569 PMCID: PMC9976807 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ratoon rice cropping has been shown to provide new insights into overcoming the current challenges of rice production in southern China. However, the potential mechanisms impacting yield and grain quality under rice ratooning remain unclear. METHODS In this study, changes in yield performance and distinct improvements in grain chalkiness in ratoon rice were thoroughly investigated, using physiological, molecular and transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS Rice ratooning induced an extensive carbon reserve remobilization in combination with an impact on grain filling, starch biosynthesis, and ultimately, an optimization in starch composition and structure in the endosperm. Furthermore, these variations were shown to be associated with a protein-coding gene: GF14f (encoding GF14f isoform of 14-3-3 proteins) and such gene negatively impacts oxidative and environmental resistance in ratoon rice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that this genetic regulation by GF14f gene was the main cause leading to changes in rice yield and grain chalkiness improvement of ratoon rice, irrespective of seasonal or environmental effects. A further significance was to see how yield performance and grain quality of ratoon rice were able to be achieved at higher levels via suppression of GF14f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Lin
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Han J, Li R, Qiu L, Zhang C, Lu M, Huang R, Wang X, Zhang J, Xie H, Li S, Huang X, Ouyang X. Gradual daylength sensing coupled with optimum cropping modes enhances multi-latitude adaptation of rice and maize. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100433. [PMID: 36071669 PMCID: PMC9860186 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To expand crop planting areas, reestablishment of crop latitude adaptation based on genetic variation in photoperiodic genes can be performed, but it is quite time consuming. By contrast, a crop variety that already exhibits multi-latitude adaptation has the potential to increase its planting areas to be more widely and quickly available. However, the importance and potential of multi-latitude adaptation of crop varieties have not been systematically described. Here, combining daylength-sensing data with the cropping system of elite rice and maize varieties, we found that varieties with gradual daylength sensing coupled with optimum cropping modes have an enhanced capacity for multi-latitude adaptation in China. Furthermore, this multi-latitude adaptation expanded their planting areas and indirectly improved China's nationwide rice and maize unit yield. Thus, coupling the daylength-sensing process with optimum cropping modes to enhance latitude adaptability of excellent varieties represents an exciting approach for deploying crop varieties with the potential to expand their planting areas and quickly improve nationwide crop unit yield in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiupan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Leilei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110101, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Rongyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- Department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huaan Xie
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shigui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinhao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Xu Q, Li J, Liang H, Ding Z, Shi X, Chen Y, Dou Z, Dai Q, Gao H. Coupling life cycle assessment and global sensitivity analysis to evaluate the uncertainty and key processes associated with carbon footprint of rice production in Eastern China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:990105. [PMID: 36340391 PMCID: PMC9632737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An accurate and objective evaluation of the carbon footprint of rice production is crucial for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from global food production. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the carbon footprint evaluation model can help improve the efficiency and credibility of the evaluation. In this study, we combined a farm-scaled model consisting of widely used carbon footprint evaluation methods with a typical East Asian rice production system comprising two fertilization strategies. Furthermore, we used Morris and Sobol' global sensitivity analysis methods to evaluate the sensitivity and uncertainty of the carbon footprint model. Results showed that the carbon footprint evaluation model exhibits a certain nonlinearity, and it is the most sensitive to model parameters related to CH4 emission estimation, including EFc (baseline emission factor for continuously flooded fields without organic amendments), SFw (scaling factor to account for the differences in water regime during the cultivation period), and t (cultivation period of rice), but is not sensitive to activity data and its emission factors. The main sensitivity parameters of the model obtained using the two global sensitivity methods were essentially identical. Uncertainty analysis showed that the carbon footprint of organic rice production was 1271.7 ± 388.5 kg CO2eq t-1 year-1 (95% confidence interval was 663.9-2175.8 kg CO2eq t-1 year-1), which was significantly higher than that of conventional rice production (926.0 ± 213.6 kg CO2eq t-1 year-1, 95% confidence interval 582.5-1429.7 kg CO2eq t-1 year-1) (p<0.0001). The carbon footprint for organic rice had a wider range and greater uncertainty, mainly due to the greater impact of CH4 emissions (79.8% for organic rice versus 53.8% for conventional rice). EFc , t, Y, and SFw contributed the most to the uncertainty of carbon footprint of the two rice production modes, wherein their correlation coefficients were between 0.34 and 0.55 (p<0.01). The analytical framework presented in this study provides insights into future on-farm advice related to GHG mitigation of rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyong Li
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liang
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Crop Harvesting Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, Mechanical & Electrical Engineering College of Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Xinrui Shi
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Dou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qigen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Zhou Y, Liu K, Harrison MT, Fahad S, Gong S, Zhu B, Liu Z. Shifting Rice Cropping Systems Mitigates Ecological Footprints and Enhances Grain Yield in Central China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895402. [PMID: 35599906 PMCID: PMC9115467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensive cereal production has brought about increasingly serious environmental threats, including global warming, environmental acidification, and water shortage. As an important grain producer in the world, the rice cultivation system in central China has undergone excessive changes in the past few decades. However, few articles focused on the environmental impacts of these shifts from the perspective of ecological footprints. In this study, a 2-year field trial was carried out in Hubei province, China, to gain insight into carbon footprint (CF), nitrogen footprint (NF), and water footprint (WF) performance. The three treatments were, namely, double-rice system (DR), ratoon rice system (RR), and rice-wheat system (RW). Results demonstrated that RR significantly increased the grain yield by 10.22-15.09% compared with DR, while there was no significant difference in the grain yield between RW and DR in 2018-2019. All of the calculation results by three footprint approaches followed the order: RR < RW < DR; meanwhile, RR was always significantly lower than DR. Methane and NH3 field emissions were the hotspots of CF and NF, respectively. Blue WF accounts for 40.90-42.71% of DR, which was significantly higher than that of RR and RW, primarily because DR needs a lot of irrigation water in both seasons. The gray WF of RW was higher than those of DR and RR, mainly due to the higher application rate of N fertilizer. In conclusion, RR possesses the characteristics of low agricultural inputs and high grain yield and can reduce CF, NF, and WF, considering the future conditions of rural societal developments and rapid demographic changes; we highlighted that the RR could be a cleaner and sustainable approach to grain production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Hubei Province Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Songling Gong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhangyong Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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