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Li S, Gao G, Wang C, Li Z, Feng X, Fu B. Aridity regulates the impacts of multiple dimensional plant diversity on soil properties in the drylands of northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174211. [PMID: 38914324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Relationships between plant diversity and soil properties are important for restoring ecosystem function to adapt climate change in drylands. Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity are widely used for understanding community assembly and the responses of plant communities to environmental change. However, one dimension of diversity index is difficult to reflect the multiple dimensional plant diversity, and their effects on soil properties (i.e., moisture, nutrients, and texture characteristics) along aridity gradient in drylands are limitedly understood. In this study, we proposed a holistic biodiversity (HB) index to integrate all the characteristics of plant diversity, and investigated the relationships between plant diversity and soil properties across 41 sites along aridity gradient (from hyperarid to arid and semiarid levels) in drylands of northern China. The results showed that the taxonomic diversity and phylogenetic diversity increased significantly while most of functional diversity indices did not differ significantly along the aridity gradient. The functional diversity was more important than taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity to plant communities, and the importance of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity varied greatly and inversely along the aridity gradient. The HB index could much better reflect the positive or negative exponential relationships with soil properties compared to the single diversity index. Further, the aridity weakened the positive effects of plant diversity on several soil properties (including soil water content, soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen), and indirectly strengthened the accumulation of soil total phosphorus, as well as intensified the soil coarsening by limiting the negative effects of plant diversity on soil sand content. Our findings suggest that the holistic biodiversity index can represent the overall traits of plant diversity in drylands, and guide a further step to understand the role of plant diversity in plant-soil relationships of dryland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangyao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zongshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Chinnannan K, Somagattu P, Yammanuru H, Nimmakayala P, Chakrabarti M, Reddy UK. Effects of Mars Global Simulant (MGS-1) on Growth and Physiology of Sweet Potato: A Space Model Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 38202365 PMCID: PMC10780443 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Growing food autonomously on Mars is challenging due to the Martian soil's low nutrient content and high salinity. Understanding how plants adapt and evaluating their nutritional attributes are pivotal for sustained Mars missions. This research delves into the regeneration, stress tolerance, and dietary metrics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) across different Mars Global Simulant (MGS-1) concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75%). In our greenhouse experiment, 75% MGS-1 concentration significantly inhibited sweet potato growth, storage root biomass, and chlorophyll content. This concentration also elevated the plant tissues' H2O2, proline, and ascorbic acid levels. Higher MGS-1 exposures (50 and 75%) notably boosted the vital amino acids and sugar groups in the plant's storage roots. However, increased MGS-1 concentrations notably diminished the total C:N ratio and elemental composition in both the vines and storage roots. In summary, sweet potato exhibited optimal growth, antioxidant properties, yield, and nutrient profiles at 25% MGS-1 exposure as compared to higher concentrations. This study underscores the need for future interventions, like nutrient enhancements and controlled metal accessibility, to render sweet potato a suitable plant for space-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chinnannan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
| | - Prapooja Somagattu
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
| | - Hyndavi Yammanuru
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
| | - Manohar Chakrabarti
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
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Wang H, Huang J, Cai J, Wei Y, Cao A, Liu B, Lu S. In Situ/Operando Methods for Understanding Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction Reaction. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300169. [PMID: 37035954 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of industrial and agricultural, a large amount of nitrate is produced, which not only disrupts the natural nitrogen cycle, but also endangers public health. Among the commonly used nitrate treatment techniques, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (eNRR) has attracted extensive attention due to its mild conditions, pollution-free nature, and other advantages. An in-depth understanding of the eNRR mechanism is the prerequisite for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts. However, some traditional characterization tools cannot comprehensively and deeply study the reaction process. It is necessary to develop in situ and operando techniques to reveal the reaction mechanism at the time-resolved and atomic level. This review discusses the eNRR mechanism and summarizes the possible in situ techniques used in eNRR. A detailed introduction of various in situ techniques and their help in understanding the reaction mechanism is provided. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in this research area are discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinmeng Cai
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ang Cao
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Baozhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Zhong Y, Sorensen PO, Zhu G, Jia X, Liu J, Shangguan Z, Wang R, Yan W. Differential microbial assembly processes and co-occurrence networks in the soil-root continuum along an environmental gradient. IMETA 2022; 1:e18. [PMID: 38868564 PMCID: PMC10989781 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms of the soil-root continuum play key roles in ecosystem function. The Loess Plateau is well known for its severe soil erosion and thick loess worldwide, where mean annual precipitation (MAP) and soil nutrients decrease from the southeast to the northwest. However, the relative influence of environmental factors on the microbial community in four microhabitats (bulk soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere) in the soil-root continuum along the environmental gradient in the Loess Plateau remains unclear. In this study, we investigated 82 field sites from warm-temperate to desert grasslands across the Loess Plateau, China, to assess the bacterial diversity, composition, community assembly, and co-occurrence networks in the soil-root continuum along an environmental gradient using bacterial 16S recombinant DNA amplicon sequencing. We discovered that the microhabitats explained the largest source of variations in the bacterial diversity and community composition in this region. Environmental factors (e.g., MAP, soil organic carbon, and pH) impacted the soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane bacterial communities, but their effects on the bacterial community decreased with increased proximity to roots from the soil to the rhizoplane, and the MAP enlarged the dissimilarity of microbial communities from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane to bulk soil. Additionally, stochastic assembly processes drove the endosphere communities, whereas the soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane communities were governed primarily by the variable selection of deterministic processes, which showed increased importance from warm-temperate to desert grasslands. Moreover, the properties of the microbial networks in the rhizoplane community indicate more stable networks in desert grasslands, likely conferring the resistance of microbial communities in higher stress environments. Collectively, our results showed that the bacterial communities in the soil-root continuum had different sensitivities and assembly mechanisms along an environmental gradient. These patterns are shaped simultaneously by the intertwined dimensions of proximity to roots and environmental stress change in the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangquanwei Zhong
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
| | - Patrick O. Sorensen
- Earth and Environmental SciencesLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- College of Environment and EcologyChongqing UniversityChongqingP.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingP.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingP.R. China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingP.R. China
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
| | - Weiming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingP.R. China
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