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Maliko M, Su FH, Kamiza AB, Su MJ, Yeh CC. The association between hepatic viral infections and cancers: a cross-sectional study in the Taiwan adult population. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38279980 PMCID: PMC10821961 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses are diseases of global public health concern and are associated with liver cancer. Recent studies have revealed associations between hepatic viral infections and extrahepatic cancers. This study aimed to explore the associations between hepatitis B and C viruses and cancer at baseline in the Taiwan Biobank database while controlling for a wide range of confounding variables. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of adults aged > 20 years, we compared the distribution of demographic factors, lifestyle, and comorbidities between viral and nonviral hepatic groups using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to observe the associations between hepatitis B and C viral infections and cancers by estimating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Multivariate regression analysis was adjusted for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and comorbidities. RESULTS From the database, 2955 participants were identified as having HCV infection, 15,305 as having HBV infection, and 140,108 as the nonviral group. HBV infection was associated with an increased likelihood of liver cancer (adjusted OR (aOR) = 6.60, 95% CI = 3.21-13.57, P < 0.001) and ovarian cancer (aOR = 4.63, 95% CI = 1.98-10.83, P = 0.001). HCV infection was observed to increase the likelihood of liver cancer (aOR = 4.90, 95% CI = 1.37-17.53, P = 0.015), ovarian cancer (aOR = 8.50, 95% CI = 1.78-40.69, P = 0.007), and kidney cancer (aOR = 12.89, 95% CI = 2.41-69.01, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that hepatic viral infections are associated with intra- and extrahepatic cancers. However, being cross-sectional, causal inferences cannot be made. A recall-by-genotype study is recommended to further investigate the causality of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreen Maliko
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 10F Biomedical Technology Building, No.301, Yuantong Rd., Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City, 235603, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsiung Su
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Abram Bunya Kamiza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- The African Computational Genomic (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Ming-Jang Su
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 10F Biomedical Technology Building, No.301, Yuantong Rd., Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City, 235603, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 235041, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yeh
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 10F Biomedical Technology Building, No.301, Yuantong Rd., Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City, 235603, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 116, Taiwan.
- Master Program in Applied Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 235603, Taiwan.
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Hu Y, Ji JS, Zhao B. Deaths Attributable to Indoor PM 2.5 in Urban China When Outdoor Air Meets 2021 WHO Air Quality Guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15882-15891. [PMID: 36278921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization reduced the recommended level of annual mean PM2.5 concentrations to 5 μg/m3 in 2021. Previously, the guideline was geared toward ambient air pollution, and now it explicitly applies to indoor air pollution. However, the disease burden attributed to different indoor emission sources has been overlooked, particularly in urban areas. Our objective was to estimate the mortality attributable to indoor PM2.5 in urban areas in China. Our model estimated 711 thousand (584-823) deaths and 2.75 trillion (2.26-3.19) CNY economic losses attributable to PM2.5 in urban China in 2019, in which indoor sources contributed 394 thousand (323-457) deaths and 1.53 trillion (1.25-1.77) CNY losses. There would still be 536 thousand (427-638) PM2.5-attributable deaths and 2.07 trillion (1.65-2.47) CNY losses each year when the outdoor PM2.5 is 5 μg/m3, of which 485 thousand (386-578) deaths and 1.87 trillion (1.49-2.23) CNY are attributable to indoor sources. Despite cleaner outdoor air and no solid fuels being used, considerable health hazards and economic losses are attributable to indoor PM2.5. Measures to reduce PM2.5 exposure in humans from both indoor and outdoor sources are required to achieve a substantial reduction in deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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