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Dong H, Ji Y, Shao Q, Hu X, Zhang J, Yao X, Long C. Spatial interfacial heterojunctions of TiO 2 for photocatalytic degradation of toluene: Effects of interface amorphous region and oxygen vacancy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171521. [PMID: 38458445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of TiO2 is contingent upon its crystal structure and the optoelectronic properties associated with defects. In this study, a one-step method was used to synthesize TiO2 with a spatial interface of rutile/anatase phases, and a simple thermal annealing process was applied to optimize the amorphous regions and oxygen vacancies at the interface between the rutile and anatase phases of TiO2. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) elucidates the evolution process of the amorphous domain at the interface, skillfully introducing oxygen vacancies at the heterojunction interface by modulating the amorphous domain. The obtained photocatalyst (TiO2-350 °C) after annealing exhibits an optimal interface structure, with its photocatalytic activity and stability in degrading toluene far superior to P25. Photocurrent and photoluminescence (PL) measurements affirm that the existence of interfacial oxygen vacancies heightens the efficiency of electron transfer at the interface, while surface oxygen vacancies significantly enhance the stability and mineralization rate of toluene degradation. The improved photocatalytic properties were attributed to the combined effects of surface/interface oxygen vacancies and spatial interface heterojunctions. The one-step synthesis method developed in this work provides a novel perspective on combining spatially interfaced anatase/rutile phases with surface/interfacial oxygen vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yekun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, 832 Yingtian Street, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Chao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, Quanzhou 362000, China.
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Zhou W, Chen F, Li M, Cheng Q, Deng J, Wang P, Cai M, Sun S. Facet-Dependent Photocatalytic Behavior of Rutile TiO 2 for the Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds: In Situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Investigations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2120-2129. [PMID: 38215485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a custom rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst with a single exposed surface was utilized to investigate the facet-dependent photocatalytic mechanism of toluene. The degradation of toluene was dynamically monitored using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) technology coupled with theoretical calculations. The findings demonstrated that the photocatalytic degradation rate on the TiO2 (001) surface was nearly double that observed on the TiO2 (110) surface. This remarkable enhancement can be attributed to the heightened stability in the adsorption of toluene molecules and the concurrent reduction in the energy requirement for the ring-opening process of benzoic acid on the TiO2 (001) surface. Moreover, the TiO2 (001) surface generated a greater number of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby promoting the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and concurrently diminishing their recombination rates, amplifying the efficiency of photocatalysis. This research provides an innovative perspective for a more comprehensive understanding of the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of TiO2 and presents promising prospects for significant applications in environmental purification and energy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Juan Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Mengdie Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Song Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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Liu L, Ahmadi Y, Kim KH, Kukkar D, Szulejko JE. The relative dominance of surface oxygen content over pore properties in controlling adsorption and retrograde behavior of gaseous toluene over microporous carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167308. [PMID: 37774873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption potential of activated carbon (AC) derived from macadamia nut shells (product code of Procarb-900: namely, AC-P) has been investigated using gaseous toluene as the target pollutant. The powder AC-P with high-microporosity (96%) and oxygen content (5.62%) exhibited very high adsorption capacity (214 mg·g-1) and partition coefficient (PC: 25 mol·kg-1·Pa-1) against 100 ppm (10 Pa) toluene at 99% breakthrough levels (1 atm dry N2). The factors governing toluene adsorption were explored with respect to the key variables such as surface functional groups, pore size distribution, sorbent bed mass (50, 100, and 150 mg), and particle size (i.e., 0.212-0.6 mm (powder AC: PAC)) vs. 0.6-2.36 mm (granular AC: GAC)). Accordingly, the adsorption process was physical, mainly due to the non-polar interactions (i.e., π-π interactions) between the adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. The high affinity of AC-P at low breakthrough levels was obtained through a combination of smaller particle size (PAC) and larger adsorbent mass (i.e., 150 mg) with the appearance of a very pronounced retrograde phenomenon (e.g., at < 1% breakthrough level). As such, toluene adsorption appeared to be affected more sensitively by particle size and adsorbent mass (especially at low breakthrough levels) than by high microporosity. Most importantly, the oxygen content of AC emerges as one of the key factors governing the maximum capacity, as the changes in pore volume are not crucial to explain the observed adsorption patterns of toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Younes Ahmadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Jan E Szulejko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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He D, Ma Y, Yang X, Li H, Wang X. Photo-Activated Direct Catalytic Oxidation of Gaseous Benzene with a Cu-Connected Serial Heterojunction Array of Co 3 O 4 /Cu x O/Foam Cu Assembled via Layer upon Layer Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207114. [PMID: 37026427 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The foam copper (FCu) has been first used as a promising supporting material to prepare a photo-activated catalyst of Co3 O4 /Cux O/FCu, in which the fine Co3 O4 particles are inlayed on the Cux O nanowires to form a Z-type heterojunction array connected by substrate Cu. The prepared samples have been used as a photo-activated catalyst to directly decompose gaseous benzene and the optimized Co3 O4 /Cux O/FCu demonstrates a 99.5% removal efficiency and 100% mineralizing rate within 15 min in benzene concentration range from 350 to 4000 ppm under simulate solar light irradiation. To track the reactive mechanism, a series of MOx /Cux O/FCu (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) is prepared and a novel photo-activated direct catalytic oxidation route is proposed based on the comparative investigation of material properties. Moreover, the approach grew in situ via layer upon layer oxidation on FCu dedicates to the extra lasting reusability and the easy accessibility in the diverse situations. This work provides a novel strategy for the preparation of Cu connected series multidimensional heterojunction array and a promising application for the quick abatement of the high-leveled concentration gaseous benzene and its derivatives from the industrial discharged flow or the accident scene's leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Huiqin Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
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Bathla A, Vikrant K, Kukkar D, Kim KH. Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous benzene using metal oxide nanocomposites. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102696. [PMID: 35640317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrial growth has been accompanied by the pollution of hazardous volatile organic pollutants (VOCs) in air. Among various options available for the treatment of VOCs, the use of metal oxide composites as photocatalysts has been adopted preferably due to their potential to induce the synergistic interactions between the metal nanoparticles (NPs) and metal oxides (especially titanium dioxide (TiO2)). In this context, an in-depth review is offered to describe the fundamental mechanism of metal oxide-based photocatalysis for the oxidation of gaseous benzene as a model VOC. The discussion has been extended further to evaluate their performances in terms of key performance metrics (e.g., quantum yield (QY), space-time yield (STY), and figure of merit (FOM)). The TiO2-based metallic bi-component photocatalysts (e.g., Sr2CeO4/TiO2) generally exhibited better photodegradation efficiency with enhanced light absorption capability than monometallic-TiO2 (e.g., Pd-TiO2) composites or other modified photocatalysts (e.g., metal-organic framework (MOF)-based composites). Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives in this highly challenging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Bathla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Vikrant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali -140413, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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