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Zhao J, Yu L, Newbold T, Chen X. Trends in habitat quality and habitat degradation in terrestrial protected areas. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14348. [PMID: 39166836 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Protected areas are typically considered a cornerstone of conservation programs and play a fundamental role in protecting natural areas and biodiversity. Human-driven land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes lead to habitat loss and biodiversity loss inside protected areas, impairing their effectiveness. However, the global dynamics of habitat quality and habitat degradation in protected areas remain unclear. We used the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model based on global annual remotely sensed data to examine the spatial and temporal trends in habitat quality and degradation in global terrestrial protected areas. Habitat quality represented the ability of habitats to provide suitable conditions for the persistence of individuals and populations, and habitat degradation represented the impacts on habitats from human-driven LULC changes in the surrounding landscape. Based on a linear mixed-effects modeling method, we also explored the relationship between habitat degradation trends and protected area characteristics, biophysical factors, and socioeconomic factors. Habitat quality declined by 0.005 (0.6%) and habitat degradation increased by 0.002 (11%) from 1992 to 2020 globally, and similar trends occurred even in remote or restrictively managed protected areas. Habitat degradation was attributed primarily to nonirrigated cropland (62%) and urbanization (27%) in 2020. Increases in elevation, gross domestic production per capita, and human population density and decreases in agricultural suitability were associated with accelerated habitat degradation. Our results suggest that human-induced LULC changes have expanded from already-exploited areas into relatively undisturbed areas, and that in wealthy countries in particular, degradation is related to rapid urbanization and increasing demand for agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Zhao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University (Department of Earth System Science)- Xi'an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping, Beijing, China
| | - Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Shifaw E, Sha J, Li X, Bao Z, Ji J, Ji Z, Kassaye AY, Lai S, Yang Y. Ecosystem services dynamics and their influencing factors: Synergies/tradeoffs interactions and implications, the case of upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173524. [PMID: 38797426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationships among ecosystem services (ESs) and their interactions with influencing factors is essential for spatially targeted ecosystem governance. However, classifying the spatial distribution of these diverse interactions still needs improvement. Furthermore, existing studies have insufficiently addressed the specific impacts of bidirectional land cover transitions on ESs. Taking the upper Blue Nile basin as a study area, we estimated the spatiotemporal distribution of annual water yield (AWY), carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and soil retention (SR) from 2000 to 2020, using InVEST models and associated formulas. Changes in ESs per inward-outward land cover transition were quantified based on the Cross-Tabulation Matrix. An improved pairwise method was employed to assess the spatially diverse interactions between ESs pairs and their relationship with influencing factors. The statistical significance of influencing factors was evaluated using partial least square regression. The findings indicated that high HQ values were prevalent in the west, while they were in the east for SR. The central and southern areas experienced higher CS and AWY values. During the study period, variations were observed in the mean values of SR (ranging from 22.89 to 23.88 × 102 t/ha/y), AWY (32.13-42.2 × 102 mm/ha/y), CS (90.5-102.9 × 103gC/ha/y) and HQ (0.62-0.64). Synergies were predominant in AWY-CS, AWY-SR, and CS-SR pairs. HQ revealed more of a no-effect and tradeoff relationship with other ESs. The interactions between ESs and influencing factors were dominated by synergies, followed by tradeoffs and no-effect. The influence of landscape structure (gyrate and landscape shape index) and land surface temperature on all ESs and precipitation on AWY and SR was significant (1.049 ≤ Variable Importance in the Projection ≤ 1.371). Overall, the spatiotemporal dynamics of key ESs and the modeling of their drivers are essential policy information for taking spatially explicit conservation measures. This study will also serve as a valuable methodological reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshetu Shifaw
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Jinming Sha
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; China-Europe Centre for Environment and Landscape Management, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Environmental Science &Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Zhongcong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Investigation and Surveying Institute, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianwan Ji
- School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhonglin Ji
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | | | - Shuhui Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Ji Z, Xu Y, Sun M, Zhang P, Qi Y, Sun D, Koomen E, Lun F, Liu T. Linking the assessment of ecological engineering construction with zoning management in the typical agro-pastoral area of China: A perspective from quantity, quality and function. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121635. [PMID: 38971067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Combatting land damage has become a global priority, and China has adopted a series of ecological engineering measures, especially in the agro-pastoral area with fragile ecological environment. The effectiveness of ecological engineering construction (EEC), from a comprehensive recognition encompassing its quality, quantity, and function, has remained largely unknown. To this end, Zhangbei County, a typical agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, was chosen as our focal area. After summarizing the timelines, aims and results of the EEC during various periods in Zhangbei, the linear spectral mixture analysis was employed to process Landsat 5 TM images in 2000 and 2010, as well as Landsat 8 OLI images in 2020. Then, a comprehensive evaluation framework of EEC was established from the perspective of "quantity-quality-function", and the ecological effectiveness of EEC was evaluated from 2000 to 2020 in Zhangbei. Results revealed that EEC played a critical role in enhancing quantity, quality and function, in spite of that, there were still numerous regions showing varying degrees of degradation in terms of these aspects. Then, by extending the three-dimensional cube as the theoretical basis for the zoning management of EEC, we merged four zones according to the space matching relationship among quantity, quality and function of EEC, namely, Ecological conservation area, Ecological improvement area, Ecological restoration area and Ecological remodeling zone. More targeted ecological measures were required for specific matching relationship among quantity, quality and function of EEC. This study is expected to present an empirical case for assessing the ecological effectiveness of EEC in areas or countries with similar restoration demand and support regional management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Ji
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081, HV, the Netherlands
| | - Yueqing Xu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Minxuan Sun
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing, 100830, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Danfeng Sun
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Eric Koomen
- Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081, HV, the Netherlands
| | - Fei Lun
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Zhao Y, Liu S, Liu H, Wang F, Dong Y, Wu G, Li Y, Wang W, Phan Tran LS, Li W. Multi-objective ecological restoration priority in China: Cost-benefit optimization in different ecological performance regimes based on planetary boundaries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120701. [PMID: 38531134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In the context of the "United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration", optimizing spatiotemporal arrangements for ecological restoration is an important approach to enhancing overall socioecological benefits for sustainable development. However, against the background of ecological degradation caused by the human use of most natural resources at levels that have approached or exceeded the safe and sustainable boundaries of ecosystems, it is key to explain how to optimize ecological restoration by classified management and optimal total benefits. In response to these issues, we combined spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics at the national scale in China to construct five ecological performance regimes defined by indicators that use planetary boundaries and ecological pressures which served as the basis for prioritizing ecological restoration areas and implementing zoning control. By integrating habitat conservation, biodiversity, water supply, and restoration cost constraints, seven ecological restoration scenarios were simulated to optimize the spatial layout of ecological restoration projects (ERPs). The results indicated that the provinces with unsustainable freshwater use, climate change, and land use accounted for more than 25%, 66.7%, and 25%, respectively, of the total area. Only 30% of the provinces experienced a decrease in environmental pressure. Based on the ecological performance regimes, ERP sites spanning the past 20 years were identified, and more than 50% of the priority areas were clustered in regime areas with increased ecological stress. As the restoration area targets doubled (40%) from the baseline (20%), a multi-objective scenario presents a trade-off between expanded ERPs in areas with highly beneficial effects and minimal restoration costs. In conclusion, a reasonable classification and management regime is the basis for targeted restoration. Coordinating multiple objectives and costs in ecological restoration is the key to maximizing socio-ecological benefits. Our study offered new perspectives on systematic and sustainable planning for ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, China
| | - Yetong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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Wang P, Zeng C, Zhang W, Lv T, Miao X, Xiang H. Investigation of the spatial effects on PM 2.5 in relation to land use and ecological restoration in urban agglomerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169665. [PMID: 38159745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Heavy pollution of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) poses increasing threats to the living environment worldwide. Urban agglomerations often lead to regional rather than local air pollution problems. This study explored the underlying global and local spatial driving mechanisms of PM2.5 variations of the 195 county-level administrative units in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China, in 2020, using the global spatial regression and geographically weighted regression methods. Results showed that (1) at the county level, there were spatial variations of PM2.5, fluctuating from 20.1263 μg/m3 to 44.8416 μg/m3. (2) The concentrations of PM2.5 presented a positive spatial autocorrelation with a remarkable direct spatial spillover effect. (3) Forestland, grassland, elevation and ecological restoration were negatively correlated with PM2.5 concentrations, the indirect spatial spillover effect of elevation was noticeable. (4) The indirect reduction effects of ecological restoration on PM2.5 concentrations were substantial in the Wuhan urban agglomeration. (5) The reduction effect of forestland, grassland, ecological restoration and elevation on PM2.5 showed a noticeable spatial heterogeneity. In the future, it is suggested regional variability and the spatial spillover effect of air pollution be taken into account in environmental governance. Simultaneously, utilization of the mitigation effect of ecological restoration on PM2.5 is anticipated for the concerted effort in air pollution governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrui Wang
- Department of Public Management-Land Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Research Center for Territorial Spatial Governance and Green Development, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chen Zeng
- Department of Public Management-Land Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Research Center for Territorial Spatial Governance and Green Development, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Research Center for Territorial Spatial Governance and Green Development, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tianyu Lv
- Department of Public Management-Land Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Research Center for Territorial Spatial Governance and Green Development, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xinran Miao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hu Xiang
- Department of Public Management-Land Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Gong J, Luo F, Pan Y. Effectiveness and driving mechanism of ecological restoration efforts in China from 2009 to 2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168676. [PMID: 37981142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, China's rapid economic growth and industrialization have led to serious ecological concerns. To combat ecological degradation and promote ecosystem sustainability, China has made substantial investments in ecological restoration in recent decades. Nevertheless, a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness and driving mechanisms of these efforts are still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this gap by employing national land-use survey data to evaluate the effectiveness and driving mechanisms of China's ecological restoration efforts during 2009-2019, with a specific focus on ecological land preservation, land use structure, and their contribution to ecosystem services. Additionally, the Geodetector model was used to detect potential influencing factors and driving mechanisms of these efforts. The results of this study revealed that: (1) Between 2009 and 2019, a total of 585,492.61 km2 of non-ecological land was successfully transformed into ecological land through various ecological restoration efforts. Most of these areas were previously unused or cultivated land. (2) Forest and grass plantations were the major ecological restoration efforts in China, accounting for 47.35% and 41.91% of the total restored ecological land, respectively. Grassland restoration clustered northwest of the Hu Line, while forest restoration concentrated mainly to the southeast. Water and wetlands restoration were mainly distributed around China's major rivers, such as the Yangtze River and Yellow River. (3) China's ecological restoration efforts contributed to a 2.53 trillion CNY yuan increase in ecosystem service value during 2009-2019, with over 65% of the increase attributed to ecosystem regulating services. (4) China's ecological restoration efforts were mainly influenced by anthropogenic factors, such as population, land use, and urbanization, while the non-linearly enhanced interaction between natural and other factors also deserves attention. China should balance urban expansion, agricultural development, and ecological preservation, aligning restoration with socioeconomic trends while establishing effective inter-regional ecological compensation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Jian Gong
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43074, China
| | - Fang Luo
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yupiao Pan
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Liu X, Zhao W, Yao Y, Pereira P. The rising human footprint in the Tibetan Plateau threatens the effectiveness of ecological restoration on vegetation growth. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119963. [PMID: 38169261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ecological restoration projects in the Tibetan Plateau aimed to reverse ecosystem degradation and safeguard the fragile alpine ecological environment. However, it is still being determined if the vegetation restoration is successful on a large scale or reaches the expected magnitude, restricting our ability to adapt practices to maximise the benefit. With multiple vegetation indices (VIs: NDVI, LAI, and GPP) from satellite observations and random forest machine-learning models, we performed an attribution study on vegetation growth trends caused by climate change and human activities. Then, we further explored the relationship between vegetation growth and ecological projects and human footprint without the influence of climate. The results showed that climatic change was a relatively strong driver of vegetation growth. The positive contributions of ecological restoration occurred only in half of the plateau due to the increased human footprint. Vegetation enhancement resulting from ecological restoration occurred in 13.1%-23.1% of the plateau. Among these values, ecological restoration counteracted the negative climate effects in 4.7%-8.3% of the plateau (about half of the negative climate effect area). In forest and grassland protection areas, the ecological restoration was more successful. The study provides a better understanding of the role of ecological projects in vegetation restoration and potential threats to its effectiveness. This is essential to improve future restoration projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, LT-08303, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Wang Z, Zhan A, Tao Y, Jian Y, Yao Y. Sustainable governance of drinking water conservation areas based on adaptive thresholds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119605. [PMID: 38048708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water quality is integral to the Sustainable Development Goals framework. At the present, China's drinking water conservation faces a number of challenges that are partially brought on by strict conservation measures that don't fully take into account human-land conflict and sustainable development. Taking the idea of adaptive governance, this study seeks to identify adaptive thresholds and adaptive solutions for compatible drinking water conservation and local development. Pressure and resistance to drinking water quality in its status, future potential, and adaptive thresholds were explored to identify sustainable governance for the Baimei Conservation Area, Fujian Province. Field research, local governance forums, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model were utilized to explore the drinking water quality pressure and resistance to drinking water quality. In order to uncover potential future changes in pressure and resistance, suitability analyses and multi-scenario simulations were used to examine the status quo, pressure, and resistance scenarios. Adaptive thresholds were then identified through SWAT modeling of each scenario to guarantee the drinking water quality is greater than Class II in the Core Conservation Area and Class Ⅲ in 2nd-grade Conservation Area, respectively. The research finds that construction land development and farming are the key pressures on drinking water quality, and forests and wetlands are the primary resistances. The expansion of construction lands and the increased wetlands was centered on potential future scenarios because farming has no room for growth and forests are already heavily covered. The adaptive threshold of construction land expansion is identified to be 10% without new wetlands but can be 20% by adding 10% wetlands in subbasins, 5, 8, and 9. This study confirms the potential of adaptive sustainability for drinking water conservation areas. A similar analysis procedure can also be adapted to enhance adaptive governance for the sustainability of other conservation areas nationally and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Angshuo Zhan
- College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunzhu Tao
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration and Its Applications, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuqing Jian
- College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yanjuan Yao
- Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, PR China
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Zhao H, Miller TR, Ishii N, Kawasaki A. Examining inequities in species loss due to land use in China from an interregional trade perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119515. [PMID: 37948960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The escalating impact of land use pressures indicates we've exceeded the proposed safe planetary boundary. Economic shifts and increased trade drive China's demand for agricultural and forestry products, land-use changes, and subsequent biodiversity damage often occur far from where they are consumed. Given many species in China are endemic or endangered, neglecting these interconnected economic trends threatens its biodiversity conservation targets. Here, we first quantify species loss due to six land use types embodied in the life cycle at the Chinese sub-national level. Then, a Chinese high-resolution multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model was used to link threatened species to key industrial sectors in the supply chain, tracking the spatiotemporal patterns of land use species loss embodied in Chinese trade from 2007 to 2017. Our results reveal a 6% increase in aggregated species loss in China during the study period. This subtle change in species loss footprints in recent years is partially due to increases in consumption levels being offset by reductions in species loss intensity, though drivers vary by region. Notably, the Northwest and Southwest, known for their high species richness, suffer the greatest inequalities in species loss. The domestic species loss transfer most apparent in the outsourcing from the Eastern Coast to the Southwest. The Southwest registered the highest territory-based species loss, particularly for amphibians, while the highest impacts in the supply chain are associated with Forestry, logging, and related activities. Our analysis underscores the need for enhanced provincial dialogue to systematically value and monitor biodiversity, a key natural capital, and encourage its conservation. Our study effectively monitors the consumption-based species losses across China, which can further improve knowledge and dialogue on ecological challenges associated with trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - T Reed Miller
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Naoko Ishii
- Center for Global Commons, Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Kawasaki
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Global Commons, Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhu K, Cheng Y, Zhou Q, Kápolnai Z, Dávid LD. The contributions of climate and land use/cover changes to water yield services considering geographic scale. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20115. [PMID: 37810821 PMCID: PMC10550635 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Water yield services are critical for maintaining ecological sustainability and regional economies. Climate change and land use/cover change (LUCC) significantly affect regional water yield, but the spatiotemporal variability of water yield services has been overlooked in previous studies. This study aims to explore the relative contributions of climate and land use/cover changes to water yield services at both grid and subwatershed scales. Methods This study employed the InVEST model to calculate the water yield in the study area and employed a multi-scenario simulation approach to investigate the impacts of climate change and LUCC on water yield at both grid and subwatershed scales. Furthermore, the contributions of these two types of changes to water yield were quantified. Results Firstly, upstream areas experience significantly lower annual average precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration than downstream areas, with worsening drought severity. Secondly, urbanization led to significant LUCC, with decreases in farmland and grassland and increases in forest, water, building land, and unused land. Thirdly, the spatial heterogeneity of water yield services remains consistent across different scales, but more pronounced spatial clustering is observed at the subwatershed scale. Fourthly, climate change is the primary factor affecting regional water yield services, surpassing the influence of LUCC. Lastly, LUCC significantly impacts water cycling in watersheds, with vegetation coverage being a critical factor affecting water yield. Conclusion These findings highlight the need to consider the complex relationships between climate change, LUCC, and water yield services at multiple scales in water resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zsombor Kápolnai
- Doctoral School of Economic and Regional Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Dénes Dávid
- Institute of Rural Development and Sustainable Economy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary
- Faculty of Economics and Business, John von Neumann University, Kecskemet, 6000, Hungary
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11
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Wang C, Liu X, Wu J, Qiao W, Liu Y. Planning a water-constrained ecological restoration pattern to enhance sustainable landscape management in drylands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117514. [PMID: 36841000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration is an important approach to improving landscape sustainability. However, ecological restoration in drylands is strongly limited by water resources. Therefore, a technical route for ecological restoration in drylands that creates sustainable landscapes based on those water constraints is needed. In this study, we develop a spatially explicit framework named "Constraint-Pattern-Benefit" to plan ecological restoration patterns in Inner Mongolia, China. Based on a prediction of the ecosystem service (ES) increase under limited evapotranspiration as a water constraint, we constructed 5 landscape sustainability-related strategies with 100 ecological restoration scenarios, which considered fragmentation of restoration locations, distance to city, water consumption, and the allocation scale to determine the spatial arrangement of ecological restoration. Results show that the ES increase potential of ecological restoration under water constraints is distributed in the center of Inner Mongolia. The multi-objective scenario simultaneously achieves 59.1% water yield, 74.2% soil conservation, 57.2% sand fixation, and 52.8% carbon sequestration with 50% restored landscape. Considering the indicators of fragmentation, water consumption, and distance to city decreases the restored landscape fragmentation from 0.44 to 0.26, improves the restoration efficiency by 14.41%, and increases the beneficiary population by 35.5%, respectively. Small-scale allocation can further increase the ES realization efficiency, which is on average 4.8% higher at the city scale than at the provincial scale. Moreover, this approach focuses on the sustainable effect of the spatial arrangement on dryland landscapes at different scales, which provides methodological support for improving the sustainability of drylands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Geological Survey, Hohhot 010020, China.
| | - Jincheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wenguang Qiao
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Geological Survey, Hohhot 010020, China.
| | - Yanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China.
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12
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Wang Q, Guan Q, Sun Y, Du Q, Xiao X, Luo H, Zhang J, Mi J. Simulation of future land use/cover change (LUCC) in typical watersheds of arid regions under multiple scenarios. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117543. [PMID: 36848808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of the social economy has promoted a continuous increase in the intensity and scale of land use by humans, which has seriously affected the sustainable development of the region. It is important to understand the land use/cover change (LUCC) in the arid region and its future development trends and to make reasonable planning recommendations for the sustainable development of the ecological environment. This study validates the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model in a typical arid region, the Shiyang River Basin (SRB), and analyzes the applicability of the model in arid regions. On this basis, the PLUS model is combined with the scenario analysis method to design four scenarios including no policy intervention, farmland protection, ecological protection and sustainable development to analyze the dynamic changes in past and future land use in the SRB and to make corresponding planning recommendations for the development of each type of land use in the arid region. The results showed that the PLUS model had a better simulation effect in the SRB (its overall accuracy reached 0.97). Coupled models obtain better simulation results than quantitative and spatial models by comparing the mainstream models, with PLUS model that combines CA model and patch generation strategy showing better simulation results in the same category. From 1987 to 2017, the spatial centroid of each LUCC in the SRB moved to varying degrees due to a continuous increase in human activities. The spatial centroid of water bodies had the most obvious change, with a moving speed of 1.49 km/a, while the moving speed of built-up land increased year by year. The spatial centroid of farmland, built-up land and unused land all shifted toward the middle and lower plains, which is a further indication of increased human activity. Due to different government policies, the development trend of land use was also different under different scenarios. However, the four scenarios all showed that the area of built-up land will be increasing exponentially from 2017 to 2037, which would seriously affect the surrounding ecological land and have a negative impact on the local agro-ecological environment. Therefore, we proposed the following planning recommendations: (1) Land leveling work should be carried out on scattered farmland located at high altitudes and with slopes over 25°. Additionally, the land use of low-altitude areas should strictly adhere to basic farmland, increase the diversification of cropping patterns and improve the efficiency of agricultural water. (2) The relationship between ecology, farmland and cities should be reasonably coordinated and the existing idle built-up land should be efficiently used. (3) Forestland and grassland resources should be strictly protected and the ecological redline should be strictly observed. This study can provide new ideas for LUCC modeling and prediction in other parts of the world and provide a strong basis for ecological management and sustainable development in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzheng Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qingyu Guan
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yunfan Sun
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qinqin Du
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haiping Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jimin Mi
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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13
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Yang Y, Li H, Qian C. Analysis of the implementation effects of ecological restoration projects based on carbon storage and eco-environmental quality: A case study of the Yellow River Delta, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117929. [PMID: 37086561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As an important means to address global climate change and land-use/land-cover (LULC) change, ecological restoration projects (ERPs) have a large effect on carbon storage functions and eco-environmental quality. However, the various ERPs carried out in the Yellow River Delta region have important implications for ecological security strategies in China. Therefore, based on land-use data and remote sensing image data, with the help of ArcGIS and Google Earth Engine (GEE) platforms, this study uses the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model, an improved remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) model and other methods to deeply examine the evolutionary trends of eco-environmental quality and carbon storage during the implementation of ERPs in the Yellow River Delta and selects key implementation areas for in-depth analysis to determine the implementation effects of ERPs. Our findings suggested that the RSEI and carbon storage levels in the study area had opposite evolutionary trends from 2001 to 2020. Among them, the RSEI showed a fluctuating upwards trend (0.4461 (2001) and 0.5185 (2020)), while the total carbon stock showed a fluctuating downwards trend (30.67 Tg (2001) and 26.40 Tg (2020)). However, from 2015 to 2020, the RSEI and carbon storage were at a relatively stable level, which indirectly indicated that the ERPs carried out during the period from 2015 to 2020 had achieved a good comprehensive implementation effect. In addition, the areas with better improvement effects from 2015 to 2020 were primarily located in the mouth of the Yellow River Delta (Areas C and D), and their RSEI and the total carbon stock showed a certain upwards trend. This research can promote the formulation of the management strategy of ERPs in the Yellow River Delta, which is of tremendous importance to the ecological environmental preservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Yang
- Institute of Management Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266525, China; College of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Management Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266525, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Institute of Management Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266525, China
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14
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Wu H, Fang S, Yu L, Hu S, Chen X, Cao Y, Du Z, Shen X, Liu X, Ma K. Limited co-benefits of protected areas in southwest China under current climate change and human modification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117190. [PMID: 36603263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An ambitious new Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" has been developed. However, the combined effects of climate change and human modification can undermine the potential benefits of the global post-2020 conservation efforts. The co-benefits of stabilizing the climate, conserving biodiversity, and maintaining intact wilderness areas may help to persuade the general public of the need to quickly expand existing protected areas (PAs). To maximize the co-benefits after 2020, the careful optimization of existing (PAs) network and scientific identification of conservation targets are both essential. Here, we mapped hotspots of biodiversity, climate vulnerability, and wilderness in Southwest China (SWC). By analyzing the representativeness and gaps of the existing PAs network in SWC, we devised post-2020 conservation targets and highlighted their implications for decision-makers. Our results showed that the incongruence between hotspots of different species exists, indicating that habitats suitable for one taxon may not fully harbor other taxa. According to our assessment, the five jurisdictions of SWC have warmed on average by 0.4°C-1.1 °C over the past 60 years alone. In particular, biodiversity hotspots in SWC are undergoing stark climatic changes. We uncovered prominent conservation gaps in SWC's network of PAs, especially in terms of climate vulnerability and biodiversity. Due to their insufficient number and unreasonable spatial distribution, the PAs network in SWC may be not capable of meeting its biodiversity, climate vulnerability, and wilderness conservation objectives. To rectify this, we proposed a 3-step mission: milestone 2025, milestone 2030, and goal 2050, which aims to protect 23%, 28%, and 60% of the terrestrial area in SWC, respectively. Taken together, our study derived conservation priority areas with relatively clear spatial boundaries and importance levels, thus providing detailed, timely information for decision-makers to expand the PAs network and implement conservation measures varying in strictness in post-2020 conservation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiming Fang
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory for Research on Rule of Law, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Emissions Trading System Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shougeng Hu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory for Research on Rule of Law, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenrong Du
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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15
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Liu T, Yu L, Chen X, Wu H, Lin H, Li C, Hou J. Environmental laws and ecological restoration projects enhancing ecosystem services in China: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116810. [PMID: 36470183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, China has implemented ecological restoration projects (ERPs) to improve biodiversity and ecosystem services (ESs), accordingly, a series of environmental laws were issued to guide ecological restoration. However, quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of ERPs remains ambiguous. To respond to the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (UNDER), we conducted a meta-analysis of 85 peer-reviewed publications and an interdisciplinary evaluation framework based on China's environmental protection and land administration laws (EPLALs) were established to assess the effectiveness of ERPs. We found that ERPs enhanced ESs by 15-58%. Specifically, ERPs implemented in industrial/mining, and wetland regions significantly increased regulating and cultural services, and in arid and semi-arid regions mainly enhance provisioning services (72.98%). Climate factors were found to be crucial for ecological restoration effectiveness (temperature: r = -0.582, significance <0.05; precipitation: r = 0.635, significance <0.05). China's environmental laws emphasized management and investment in ecological restoration. However, the disclosure, public participation and real-time monitoring of ecological conditions need to be improved urgently. We therefore developed ERP-related policy recommendations and global lessons to help improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chengxiu Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaru Hou
- China University of Political Science & Law, Beijing, 100088, China
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16
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Yang Q, Zhang P, Qiu X, Xu G, Chi J. Spatial-Temporal Variations and Trade-Offs of Ecosystem Services in Anhui Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:855. [PMID: 36613177 PMCID: PMC9819523 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Research on the spatiotemporal evolution and trade-offs of ecosystem services (ESs) is important for optimizing the ecological security barrier system and promoting coordinated socio-economic development. Natural factors, e.g., climate change, and human factors, e.g., unreasonable land use, have impacted and damaged ecosystem structure and function, leading to challenges with ES trade-offs and the spatial identification of priority protected areas. Here, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of five ESs (water yield, nitrogen export, soil retention, carbon storage, and habitat quality) in Anhui Province, China, from 2000-2020 were analyzed based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model. The trade-offs and spatial patterns among different ESs were explored using Pearson correlation and hotspot analyses; the dynamics of natural growth, cultivated land protection, and ecological protection scenarios for ESs in 2030 were simulated and analyzed by coupling InVEST with the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. The results reveal the following. (1) From 2000-2020, increases in water yield and soil retention occurred, with concurrent declines in the other services; the total nitrogen high-value area was mainly concentrated in the plain, with the other services' high-value areas mainly concentrated in the Dabieshan and Southern Anhui Mountains, with each ES showing similar spatial distributions across years. (2) The ESs were mainly synergistic, with trade-offs mainly between nitrogen export and other services. (3) Hotspot overlap between water yield and the other ESs was relatively low; no more than 6.53% of ecosystems per unit area provided five ESs simultaneously. (4) Other than water yield, the ecological protection scenario was more conducive to improving ecosystem functions. This study's results indicate inadequate synergy among ESs in Anhui Province; competition among land types must be further balanced in the future. This study provides a basic reference for implementing ecological projects and constructing ecological security patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Yang
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Pian Zhang
- School of Management Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Maanshan 243000, China
| | - Xiaocong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Guanglai Xu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China
| | - Jianyu Chi
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China
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17
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Chen X, Yu L, Cao Y, Xu Y, Zhao Z, Zhuang Y, Liu X, Du Z, Liu T, Yang B, He L, Wu H, Yang R, Gong P. Habitat quality dynamics in China's first group of national parks in recent four decades: Evidence from land use and land cover changes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116505. [PMID: 36270131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the most biodiversity-rich part of the protected areas system, habitats within the pilot national parks have long been threatened by drastic human-induced land use and land cover changes. The growing concern about habitat loss has spurred China's national park project to shift from pilot to construction phase with the official establishment of China's first group of national parks (CFGNPs) in October 2021. But far too little attention has been paid to the synergistic work concerning the habitat quality (HQ) dynamics of all five national parks. Here, the InVEST model, combined with a satellite-derived land use and land cover product and a hot spot analysis (HSA) method, was used to investigate the HQ dynamics at the park- and pixel-scale within the CFGNPs. Our results demonstrate that the past ecological conservation practices within national parks have been unpromising, especially in Giant Panda National Park, Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park (NCTL), and Wuyi Mountain National Park (WYM), where HQ as a whole showed a significant decline. Furthermore, more than half of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (87.2%), WYM (77.4%), and NCTL (52.9%) showed significant HQ degradation from 1980 to 2019. Besides, increasing trends in the area shares of HQ degraded pixels were observed in all five national parks from 1980-1999 to 2000-2019. The HSA implied that the hot spots of high HQ degradation rates tend to occur in areas closer to urban settlements or on the edge of national parks, where human activities are intensive. Despite these disappointing findings, we highlighted from the observed local successes and the HQ plateau that the construction of CFGNPs is expected to reverse the deteriorating HQ trends. Thus, we concluded our paper by proposing an HSA-based regulatory zoning scheme that includes five subzones to guide the future construction of China's national park system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yidi Xu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Youbo Zhuang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenrong Du
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lu He
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Geography, Department of Earth Sciences, and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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18
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Pu J, Zhao X, Huang P, Gu Z, Shi X, Chen Y, Shi X, Tao J, Xu Y, Xiang A. Ecological risk changes and their relationship with exposed surface fraction in the karst region of southern China from 1990 to 2020. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116206. [PMID: 36115244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to anthropogenic disturbances, the karst region in southern China is vulnerable to ecological problems such as soil erosion and surface exposure. However, limited studies on variations in large-scale ecological risk (ER) and their influencing factors, particularly the coupling/decoupling relationship with an exposed surface fraction (ESF), make ER regulations and ecological restoration challenging. The present study evaluates the ER of eight typical karst provinces in Southern China from 1990 to 2020 using the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) model and ecosystem services (habitat quality, water yield, carbon storage, soil conservation, and food production), and extracts the contemporaneous ESF using Landsat satellite data in Google Earth Engine (GEE). The spatiotemporal change of ER and ESF are analyzed, and their coupling/decoupling relationship and driving mechanism are explored using coupling coordination degree (CCD) and multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models. The results show that: (1) Over the past 30 years, the ER has increased until 2010 and subsequently declined, with an increasing mean value (0.463-0.503), except in Chongqing municipality. The ESF decreased significantly (the mean value dropped from 44.7% to 38.7%), except that in Sichuan province. (2) The average CCD between ER and ESF decreased with fluctuation of -0.017, with a decoupling relationship (58.18%). The coupling area is larger than the decoupling area in the Sichuan area, while other provinces are opposite. (3) The coupling/decoupling relationship in the study area is mainly driven by terrain (elevation, slope) and socio-economic (population density, per capita GDP) factors. More attention should be paid to the role of these factors in the continuous reduction and control of ESF and ER. This study can serve as a reference for similar studies in karst regions, such as risk assessment and surface monitoring, rocky desertification control, ecological engineering layout, and territorial planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Pu
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Pei Huang
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zexian Gu
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Nujiang Forestry and Grassland Administration, Lushui 673100, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yanjun Chen
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xinyu Shi
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Junyi Tao
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yifei Xu
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Aimeng Xiang
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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19
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Multi-Scenario Simulation Analysis of Land Use Impacts on Habitat Quality in Tianjin Based on the PLUS Model Coupled with the InVEST Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Land use change is an important cause of habitat quality change. In order to reveal the impact of urban land use change on habitat quality, and to explore sustainable development planning, this paper uses the city of Tianjin, China, as a case study. Based on land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020, the PLUS model was first used to predict land use in 2030 under three scenarios, and the InVEST model was then used to assess habitat quality from 2000 to 2030. This study showed that habitat quality was highly correlated with land use change. The rapid expansion of construction land was the main reason for the year-by-year decline in habitat quality. From 2000 to 2030, habitat quality in Tianjin declined year-by-year according to the average habitat quality values for 2030 for the three scenarios: the Ecological Protection Scenario (EPS) > Natural Development Scenario (NPS) > Economic Construction Scenario (ECS). In the EPS, habitat quality will deteriorate and improve. It would be ecologically beneficial to continue to work on the revegetation of the Jizhou area. In the ECS, habitat quality will decline sharply. In Tianjin, urbanization will continue to accelerate. This is a threat to the sustainable development of the city.
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Li M, Wang Y, Tian C, Yang LE, Hossain MS. Defining Household Typologies Based on Cropland Use Behaviors for Rural Human-Environment Systems Simulation Research: A Case Study in Southwest China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106284. [PMID: 35627821 PMCID: PMC9141613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of rural human-environment systems in developing countries have increasingly been attracting attention. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a valuable simulation tool for detecting complex feedback loops in rural human-environment systems with a ‘bottom-up’ approach. However, such models require the prerequisite analysis of household typology to simulate households’ decision-making process, where a gap exists between having accurate classification criteria and a simplified modeling framework. This study aimed to develop a household typology for two selected counties in southwest China based on multivariate analysis techniques and the classification tree method. Four categories of socioeconomic variables, including labor conditions, resource endowments, economic status, and social connections, were screened as possible factors impacting agriculture practice decisions. The results showed that household diversification in the study area was mainly determined by diversified livelihood strategies of off-farm work, livestock breeding, subsidy dependence, and traditional planting. Five distinct household types were identified: non-farm households, part-time households, livestock breed households, subsidized households, and traditional planting households. The household types were associated with specific cropland use behaviors, and their decision-making behaviors were verified with bounded rationality theory (where the maximization of profits is the primary goal). The quantitative classification criteria obtained in this study were clear and could be easily identified and used by ABMs. Our study provides a basis for further simulation of the complicated rural human-environment systems in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Yukuan Wang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Congshan Tian
- College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Liang Emlyn Yang
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany;
| | - Md. Sarwar Hossain
- Environmental Science and Sustainability, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Glasgow, Dumfries DG1 4ZL, UK;
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Multi-Scenario Simulation and Prediction of Regional Habitat Quality Based on a System Dynamic and Patch-Generating Land-Use Simulation Coupling Model—A Case Study of Jilin Province. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Effectively evaluating and predicting the change trend in regional habitat quality and its response to land-use change is of great significance for promoting regional high-quality and sustainable development. In this study, Jilin Province is taken as an example, and the SD–PLUS coupling model and the habitat quality module of the InVEST model are used to simulate the habitat quality of Jilin Province in 2030. In addition, the population and urbanization rates under the SSPs path are taken as the scenario framework, and the habitat quality changes from 1995 to 2030 are discussed. The results showed that the kappa coefficient of the simulation results was 0.93, and the FoM coefficient was 0.102. The simulation effect was good. The land-use simulation results under the four scenarios were quite different, and the change areas were mainly concentrated in the northwest, southeast, and central urban areas of Jilin Province. From 1995 to 2015, the habitat quality showed spatial distribution characteristics of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest”, and the habitat quality continued to deteriorate. By 2030, the ecological priority scenario (S3) is expected to have the maximum average value of habitat quality. Under this scenario, the scale of ecological land, such as forest, increases, and the scale of construction land is controlled. The minimum habitat quality appeared in the situation of rapid expansion (S2), and the increase in low-quality habitat areas was highly consistent with the expansion trend in urban construction land. In the coordinated development scenario, the growth rate of construction land reached 52.26%, but the average value of habitat quality decreased by only 0.0002, which basically found the balance point between economic development and ecological protection. S4 had a high reference value for the future development of Jilin Province.
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Cross-Evaluation of Soil Moisture Based on the Triple Collocation Method and a Preliminary Application of Quality Control for Station Observations in China. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil moisture (SM) measurements from ground stations are often after quality control (QC) in the operational system, but the QC flags may not be reliable in some cases when precipitation events or manual watering happen. This study applies the triple collocation (TC) method to conduct a cross-evaluation of SM data from ERA5 reanalysis estimates, ESA-CCI estimates, and ~2000 ground stations across the China domain. The results show that all datasets can capture the spatial pattern of SM in China. TC-based correlation coefficient (CC) and root mean square error (RMSE) show that the station data have worse performance in western and central China. For most stations, TC-based CC is between 0.6~0.9, and TC-based RMSE is between 0.01~0.06 m3/m3. In addition, TC-based metrics show good agreement with the CC between precipitation and SM, indicating that these metrics can reflect the quality of station data. We further selected typical stations (e.g., CC ≤ 0.2, RMSE ≥ 0.06 m3/m3) to check the quality of the QC procedure. The comparison shows that TC-based metrics can better represent the actual quality for these stations compared to raw QC flags. This study indicates that TC has the potential to detect problematic stations and could be a supplement to traditional QC of station observations.
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Klychova G, Zakirova A, Khismatullin M, Khismatullin M, Raheem U, Osipov A. Anti-erosion reclamation and its economic efficiency. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most acute problems of agriculture in some regions of the Russian Federation, including the Republic of Tatarstan at present is a progressive degradation of the soil cover. Every year the scale of water erosion increases, causing huge damage not only to agriculture but also to large and small rivers of the region. In this regard, there is a need to analyze the impact of soil erosion on the efficiency of agricultural production and the development of science-based anti-erosion measures to combat soil erosion in agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of the carried out research testify that ecological efficiency of one anti-erosion construction in complex with soil protection measures protects on the average 120 ha of lands from further development of erosion processes, economically pays back by the results of two years of economic activity on the protected lands. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that they can not only contribute to the development of the agro-industrial complex and other sectors of the economy, provide an increase in soil fertility, a dynamic increase in agricultural production, reduction of retirement of agricultural land and the creation of new jobs. They also ensure the conservation and restoration of water resources.
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