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Wu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Xie Z. Smart utilisation of reverse solute diffusion in forward osmosis for water treatment: A mini review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162430. [PMID: 36842573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has been widely studied as a promising technology in wastewater treatment, but undesirable reverse solute diffusion (RSD) is inevitable in the FO process. The RSD is generally regarded as a negative factor for the FO process, resulting in the loss of draw solutes and reduced FO efficiency. Conventional strategies to address RSD focus on reducing the amount of reverse draw solutes by fabricating high selective FO membranes and/or selecting the draw solute with low diffusion. However, since RSD is inevitable, doubts have been raised about the strategies to cope with the already occurring reverse draw solutes in the feed solution, and the feasibility to positively utilise the RSD phenomenon to improve the FO process. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art applications of RSD and their benefits such as improving selectivity and maintaining the stability of the feed solution for both independent FO processes and FO integrated processes. We also provide an outlook and discuss important considerations, including membrane fouling, membrane development and draw/feed solution properties, in RSD utilisation for water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia.
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Li D, Mo Z, She Q. Comparison of Energy Efficiency between Atmospheric Batch Pressure-Retarded Osmosis and Single-Stage Pressure-Retarded Osmosis. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:354. [PMID: 36984741 PMCID: PMC10056553 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Batch pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) with varied-pressure and multiple-cycle operation using a pressurized variable-volume tank has been proposed as a high-efficiency osmotic energy harvesting technology, but it suffers scalability constraints. In this study, a more scalable batch PRO, namely, atmospheric batch PRO (AB-PRO), was proposed, utilizing an atmospheric tank to receive and store the intermediate diluted draw solution (DS) and a pressure exchanger to recover the pressure energy from the diluted DS before being recycled into the tank. Its performance was further compared with single-stage PRO (SS-PRO) at different flow schemes via analytic models. The results show that the AB-PRO with an infinitesimal per-cycle water recovery (r) approaches the thermodynamic maximum energy production under ideal conditions, outperforming the SS-PRO with lower efficiencies caused by under-pressurization (UP). However, when considering inefficiencies, a ~40% efficiency reduction was observed in AB-PRO owing to UP and entropy generation as the optimal r is no-longer infinitesimal. Nonetheless, AB-PRO is still significantly superior to SS-PRO at low water recoveries (R) and maintains a stable energy efficiency at various R, which is conducive to meeting the fluctuating demand in practice by flexibly adjusting R. Further mitigating pressure losses and deficiencies of energy recovery devices can significantly improve AB-PRO performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (D.L.)
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Zijing Mo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (D.L.)
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qianhong She
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (D.L.)
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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Chang HM, Chen SS, Chang WS, Nguyen TXQ, Nguyen NC. Exploration of the dynamic osmotic membrane bioreactor in low-speed rolling motion for membrane fouling mitigation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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