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Jin Z, Li J, Yang Q, Shi Y, Lin X, Chen F, Chen Q, Chen Z, Li F. Nitrogen isotope characteristics and importance of NO x from biomass burning in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175430. [PMID: 39128524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Biomass burning is a primary source of atmospheric nitrogen oxide (NOx), however, the lack of isotopic fingerprints from biomass burning limits their use in tracing atmospheric nitrate (NO3-) and NOx. A total of 25 biomass fuels from 10 provinces and regions in China were collected, and the δ15N values of biomass fuels (δ15N-biomass) and δ15N-NOx values of biomass burning (δ15N-NOx values of BB, open burning, and rural cooking stove burning) were determined. The δ15N-NOx values of open burning and rural cooking stove burning ranged from -0.8 ‰ to 11.6 ‰ and 0.8 ‰ to 9.5 ‰, respectively, indicating a significant linear relation with δ15N-biomass. Based on the measured δ15N-NOx values of BB and biomass burning emission inventory data, the δ15N-NOx values of BB in different provinces and regions of China were calculated using the δ15N-NOx model, with a mean value of 5.0 ± 1.8 ‰. The spatial variations in the estimated δ15N-NOx values of BB in China were mainly controlled by the differences in the δ15N-NOx values and the proportions of NOx emissions from various straw burning activities in provinces and regions of China. Furthermore, by using the combined local emissions of biomass burning with regional transportations of NOx based on air-mass backward trajectories, we established an improved δ15N-NOx model and obtained more accurate δ15N-NOx values of BB in regions (2.3 ‰ to 8.4 ‰). By utilising the reported δ15N-NOx values of precipitation and particulate matter from 21 cities in China and the more accurate δ15N-NOx values of BB, the NOx contributions from four sources (mobile sources, coal combustion, biomass burning, and microbial N cycle) at the national scale were estimated using a Bayesian model. The significant contributions of biomass burning (20.9 % to 44.3 %) to NOx emissions were revealed, which is vital for controlling NOx emissions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Zhejiang Huanyan Ecological Environment Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yasheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Xun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Feili Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Yang X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Sun P, Wu B, Xia H, Yu R. Development of a Rapid Measurement Method for Analysis of the NOx Conversion Process Based on Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3885. [PMID: 37112225 PMCID: PMC10146664 DOI: 10.3390/s23083885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a method for double-beam quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy (DB-QCLAS) was developed. Two mid-infrared distributed feedback quantum cascade laser beams were coupled in an optical cavity for the monitoring of NO and NO2 (NO at 5.26 μm; NO2 at 6.13 μm). Appropriate lines in the absorption spectra were selected, and the influence of common gases in the atmosphere, such as H2O and CO2, was avoided. By analyzing the spectral lines under different pressure conditions, the appropriate measurement pressure of 111 mbar was selected. Under this pressure, the interference between adjacent spectral lines could be effectively distinguished. The experimental results show that the standard deviations for NO and NO2 were 1.57 ppm and 2.67 ppm, respectively. Moreover, in order to improve the feasibility of this technology for detecting chemical reactions between NO and O2, the standard gases of NO and O2 were used to fill the cavity. A chemical reaction instantaneously began, and the concentrations of the two gases were immediately changed. Through this experiment, we hope to develop new ideas for the accurate and rapid analysis of the process of NOx conversion and to lay a foundation for a deeper understanding of the chemical changes in atmospheric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Pengshuai Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bian Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hua Xia
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Runqing Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Rutar JM, Strojnik L, Nečemer M, Bontempo L, Ogrinc N. Determining the Authenticity of Spirulina Dietary Supplements Based on Stable Isotope and Elemental Composition. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030562. [PMID: 36766091 PMCID: PMC9914286 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
While the demand for Spirulina dietary supplements continues to grow, product inspection in terms of authenticity and safety remains limited. This study used the stable isotope ratios of light elements (C, N, S, H, and O) and the elemental composition to characterize Spirulina dietary supplements available on the Slovenian market. Forty-six samples were labelled as originating from the EU (1), non-EU (6), Hawaii (2), Italy (2), Japan (1), Portugal (2), Taiwan (3), India (4), and China (16), and nine products were without a declared origin. Stable isotope ratio median values were -23.9‱ (-26.0 to -21.8‱) for δ13C, 4.80‱ (1.30-8.02‱) for δ15N, 11.0‱ (6.79-12.7‱) for δ34S, -173‱ (- 190 to -158‱) for δ2H, and 17.2‱ (15.8-18.8‱) for δ18O. Multivariate statistical analyses achieved a reliable differentiation of Hawaiian, Italian, and Portuguese (100%) samples and a good separation of Chinese samples, while the separation of Indian and Taiwanese samples was less successful, but still notable. The study showed that differences in isotopic and elemental composition are indicative of sample origins, cultivation and processing methods, and environmental conditions such that, when combined, they provide a promising tool for determining the authenticity of Spirulina products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Masten Rutar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marijan Nečemer
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-5885-387
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