1
|
Zou Y, Liu X, Wu K, Zhou Z, Xu M. The effect of multiple factors on changes in organic-inorganic fractions of condensable particulate matter during coal combustion. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141638. [PMID: 38442775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Condensable particulate matter (CPM) from coal combustion is the focus of current pollutant emission studies, and CPM can be divided into inorganic and organic fractions according to the component characteristics. At present, the effects of different factors in the combustion process on the organic and inorganic components of CPM have not been discussed systematically. Here, we conducted combustion experiments collected the generated CPM on a well-controlled drip tube furnace, and investigated the effects of different factors on the generation of organic and inorganic components of CPM by varying the furnace wall insulation temperature, the ratio of gas supply components and the water vapor content in the flue gas. The results showed that the increase in combustion temperature (1300-1500 °C) and oxygen concentration (15-25%) reduced the total CPM generation by 9.8% and 19.98%, respectively, and the intervention of water vapor increased the ability of the whole CPM sampling device to capture ultrafine condensable particles. The generation of CPM organic components decreased with the enhancement of combustion temperature and oxygen content on combustion characteristics, and alkanes shifted to low carbon content. The amount of CPM inorganic components increased with the increase of water vapor content in the flue gas, and this change was dominated by SO42-. The above results provide a feasible idea for the next step of the precise reduction of CPM components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Kui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Minghou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bian J, Zhao H, Wang B, Han B, Ling H, Ju F. Emission characteristics of condensable particulate matter (CPM) from FCC flue gas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163533. [PMID: 37076004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) as a major air pollutant, generally includes filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). CPM has gradually attracted widespread attention recently, due to its increasing proportion in total PM emissions. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units, the main emission source in refineries, mostly use wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), which will produce a large amount of CPM. However, CPM emission and composition of FCC units are actually unclear. In this work, we aimed to understand the emission characteristics of CPM in FCC flue gas and provide some potential control strategies. Here, the stack tests of three typical FCC units were conducted to monitor FPM and CPM, and the field monitoring FPM results are higher than the concentration provided by Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS). The emission of CPM is at a high-level concentration from 28.88 to 86.17 mg/Nm3, divided into inorganic fraction and organic fraction. The inorganic fraction is mainly composed in CPM, where water-soluble ions including SO42-, Na+, NH4+, NO3-, CN-, Cl-, and F-, are the major contributors. Moreover, a variety of organic compounds are detected as qualitative analysis of organic fraction in CPM, which can be roughly classified into alkanes, esters, aromatics, and others. Finally, on the basis of the understanding of the characteristics of CPM, we have proposed two strategies for CPM control. This work is expected to advance CPM emission regulation and control in FCC units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bingqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Feng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tong H, Wang Y, Tao S, Huang L, Jiang S, Bian J, Chen N, Kasemsan M, Yin H, Huang C, Chen H, Zhang K, Li L. Developed compositional source profile and estimated emissions of condensable particulate matter from coal-fired power plants: A case study of Yantai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161817. [PMID: 36708842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emission and environmental impact of condensable particulate matter (CPM) from coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) are of increasing concern worldwide. Many studies on the characteristics of CPM emission have been conducted in China, but its source profile remains unclear, and its emission inventory remains high uncertainty. In this work, the latest measurements reported in the latest 33 studies for CPM inorganic and organic species emitted from CFPPs in China were summarized, and then a compositional source profile of CPM for CFPPs was developed for the first time in China, which involved 10 inorganic species and 71 organic species. In addition, the CPM emission inventory of CFPPs in Yantai of China was developed based on surveyed activity data, continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS), and the latest measurement data. The results show that: (1) Inorganic species accounted for 77.64 % of CPM emitted from CFPPs in Yantai, among which SO42- had the highest content, accounting for 23.74 % of CPM, followed by Cl-, accounting for 11.95 %; (2) Organic matter accounted for 22.36 % of CPM, among which alkanes accounted for the largest proportion of organic fraction (72.7 %); (3) Emission concentration method (EC) and CEMS-based emission ratio method (ERFPM,CEMS) were recommended to estimate CPM emissions for CFPPs; (4) The estimated CPM emission inventories of Yantai CFPPs in 2020 by the EC method and the ERFPM,CEMS method were 1231 tons and 929 tons, respectively, with uncertainties of -34 % ∼ 33 % and -27 % ∼ 57 %, respectively; (5) CPM emissions were mainly distributed in the northern coastal areas of Yantai. This developed CPM source profile and emission inventory can provide basic data for assessing the impacts of CPM on air quality and health. In addition, this study can provide an important methodology for developing CPM emission inventories and CPM emission source profiles for stationary combustion sources in other regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Tong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yangjun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shikang Tao
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinting Bian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Manomaiphiboon Kasemsan
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology, Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Yantai Environmental Engineering Consulting Design Institute Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|