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Li J, Xie Y, Xu J, Zhang C, Wang H, Huang D, Li G, Tian J. Association between greenspace and cancer: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of multiple large cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91140-91157. [PMID: 37474858 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a chronic disease that seriously endangers human health, and studies on its association with greenspace have been published. We aimed to systematically review the epidemiological evidence and obtain the best available evidence. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were used as search databases, the time limit was September 12, 2022, and the cited articles were manually supplemented. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction. We performed a meta-analysis of data using a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as the greenspace measure, providing hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% CI. After standardization of the data, we used a random effects model for pooling. We also assessed the risk of bias for each study and the quality of each evidence body. We identified 10,108 items and included 14 studies from 11 institutions in eight countries. All studies had a low risk of bias. Quantitative analysis of 13 studies found a beneficial association of greenspace with the mortality of lung cancer (pooled HR [95% CI]=0.965 [0.947, 0.983]) and prostate cancer (HR [95% CI]=0.939 [0.898, 0.980]) based on 0.1-unit NDVI increment and a potential beneficial association with the incidence of prostate, lung, and breast cancer. Greenspace had opposite associations with cancer mortality for urban and rural populations. Indirect comparisons did not find statistically significant differences in the effects of greenspace on different cancer outcomes. The evidence body assessment was considered to be "very low." This review indicated potential beneficial associations between greenspace for lung, prostate, and breast cancer outcomes. However, there was a lack of mediation analysis to explore the underlying mechanism of a causal association. Meanwhile, the interstudy heterogeneity was large. Therefore, future studies should consider more accurate exposure assessment and more comprehensive covariate coverage, while focusing on mediating analysis. PROSPERO: CRD42022361068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yafei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Danqi Huang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Wang S, Xu Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Yan P, Jiang Y, Wang K. Urban cultural heritage is mentally restorative: an experimental study based on multiple psychophysiological measures. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1132052. [PMID: 37265954 PMCID: PMC10231237 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Urban cultural heritage sites bear the cultural functions of a city, hold spiritual and cultural value, can recall emotional memories, and serve the cultural leisure activities of the residents. Urban cultural heritage sites can help citizens perceive a sense of belonging and a feeling of relaxation, but whether and to what extent cultural heritage sites affect mental health remains unknown. Methods Based on attention restoration theory, multiple research methods are adopted in this study to examine the impact of cultural heritage on human restorative mechanisms. Five representative cultural heritage sites from the cultural heritage-rich city of Xi'an are selected as the research object. In addition, a questionnaire survey and physiological experiments are conducted. Perceived restorative scale, skin conductance response, heart rate variability, and eye movement data while viewing photographs of the cases are collected from the participants. Results Results show that cultural heritage sites have psychophysiological restorative effects, which are especially significant in the fascination dimension. Moreover, historical buildings can promote the restorative effects of cultural heritage sites. Discussion This finding may lead to new conservation and innovation planning strategies considering the mental health effects of cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuSheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- College of Architecture, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- College of Architecture, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- College of Architecture, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- College of Architecture, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- China Academy of Urban-Rural Development and Cultural Heritage, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- College of Architecture, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- China Academy of Urban-Rural Development and Cultural Heritage, Xi'an, China
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Smith IA, Fabian MP, Hutyra LR. Urban green space and albedo impacts on surface temperature across seven United States cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159663. [PMID: 36302415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extreme heat represents a growing threat to public health, especially across the densely populated, developed landscape of cities. Climate adaptation strategies that aim to manage urban microclimates through purposeful design can reduce the heat exposure of urban populations, however, it is unclear how the temperature impacts of urban green space and albedo vary across cities and background climate. This study quantifies the sensitivity of surface temperature to landcover characteristics tied to two widely used climate adaptation strategies, urban greening and albedo manipulation (e.g. white roofs), by combining long-term remote sensing observations of land surface temperature, albedo, and moisture with high-resolution landcover datasets in a spatial regression analysis at the census block scale across seven United States cities. We find tree cover to have an average cooling impact of -0.089 K per % cover, which is approximately four times stronger than the average grass cover cooling impact of -0.021 K per % cover. Variability in the magnitude of grass cover cooling impacts was primarily a function of vegetation moisture content, with the Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) explaining 89 % of the variability in grass cover cooling impacts across cities. Variability in tree cover cooling impacts was primarily a function of sunlight and vegetation moisture content, with solar irradiance and LSWI explaining 97 % of the cooling variability across cities. Albedo cooling impacts were consistent across cities with an average cooling impact of -0.187 K per increase of 0.01. While these interventions are broadly effective across cities, there are critical regional trade-offs between vegetation cooling efficiency, irrigation requirements, and the temporal duration and evolution of the cooling benefits. In warm, arid cities, high albedo surfaces offer multifaceted benefits such as cooling and water conservation, whereas temperate, mesic cities likely benefit from a combination of strategies, with greening efforts targeting highly paved neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Smith
- Boston University, Department of Earth & Environment, 685 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Boston University, Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lucy R Hutyra
- Boston University, Department of Earth & Environment, 685 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
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