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Fan X, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhou N, Fan S. Effect of citric acid modification on the properties of hydrochar and pyrochar and their adsorption performance toward methylene blue: crucial roles of minerals and oxygen functional groups. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:664. [PMID: 38926195 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Modification is widely used to enhance the adsorption performance of pristine hydrochar (HBC) and pyrochar (BC). However, comparisons between modified HBC and BC toward pollutant removal have rarely been reported. In this study, pristine HBC and BC derived from rice straw were first produced, and then citric acid (CA) was used as a modifier to synthesize CA-modified HBC (CAHBC) and CA-modified BC (CABC). Furthermore, the adsorption performance of biochars toward methylene blue (MB) was investigated. The results showed that BC exhibits relatively rough surfaces and contains more minerals (ash), whereas HBC has plentiful O-containing functional groups and fewer minerals. CA modification partially removed minerals from the surface of BC, which weakened the ion exchange, surface complexation, and n-π interaction, resulting in a lower adsorption ability toward MB. By contrast, CA produced more O-containing functional groups on the surface of HBC, which strengthened the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction, thus increasing the adsorption capacity toward MB. The two-compartment model showed a good fit to the adsorption process of MB on CAHBC, and the isotherm data for MB adsorption by HBC and CAHBC are suitable for the Freundlich model. The highest adsorption amount of MB using CAHBC was 80.13 mg·g-1, which was 27.66% higher than that for CABC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the carboxyl groups in the surface functional groups of CAHBC played a crucial role in the MB adsorption process. In addition, CAHBC showed a good performance for a wide range of pH values (4.0-10.0) and under the interference of coexisting ions, and also presented a recycling ability. Furthermore, the adsorption of MB on CAHBC biochar was a spontaneous, exothermic, degree-of-randomness-increasing process. Consequently, CA modification of HBC is a promising strategy and could be used for MB removal from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Fan
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Manquan Zhao
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shisuo Fan
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Wang J, Xia R, Xu C, Yang X, Li Y, Li Q, Zhang T, Chen Q, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Characteristics of industrialized hydrothermal cracking solid organic fertilizer and its effects on fresh corn growth. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:243-251. [PMID: 38350297 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Traditional methods of producing organic fertilizers result in significant nutrient loss and greenhouse gas emissions, making it challenging to align with sustainable development and the achievement of net-zero emissions goals. Hydrothermal cracking, as a novel clean technology for the utilization of organic waste into fertilizer, has been extensively studied and refined in laboratory settings, but its large-scale industrial evaluation remains limited. This study investigates the properties and field application of hydrothermal cracking solid organic fertilizer (HCSOF) produced at a pilot scale with an annual output of 10,000 tons. The results indicate that the organic matter content and total nutrient content (TN + P2O5 + K2O) of HCSOF reached 50.6 % and 5.46 %, respectively, which are 20.6 % and 1.46 % higher than the standards for organic fertilizers in China. Additionally, contaminants such as pathogens and antibiotics in the product were completely eliminated. Elemental analysis and pore size distribution highlighted the unique adsorptive attributes of HCSOF, which showed significant effect in reducing soil ammonium nitrogen. Results from field trials indicate that the complete substitution of chemical fertilizers with HCSOF did not reduce corn yield, which remained at 9.03 t/ha. Particularly, compared to the exclusive use of chemical fertilizers, HCSOF treatments resulted in a 7.03 % and 4.70 % decrease in fresh corn lodging and disease incidence, respectively. Antibacterial tests further confirmed its ability to counter pathogens. This study provides robust evidence for scaling up hydrothermal cracking fertilizer production from laboratory to industrial levels. Future research should focus on multi-batch sampling and extended field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rui Xia
- Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030000, China; Beijing Hydecom Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chunfang Xu
- China International Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yanming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qinghai Li
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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