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Zou X, Zhao S, Xu K, Fang C, Shen Z, Yan C, Dong L, Qin Z, Zhao X, Zhao J, Liang X. Eco-friendly microalgae harvesting using lipid-cored particles with a comparative life-cycle assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 392:130023. [PMID: 37972903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed an innovative approach using lipid-cored particles (LCPs) aimed at addressing the efficiency, cost, and environmental impact challenges in microalgae harvesting. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and chitosan (CS) were used to modify LCPs and to optimize efficiency and investigate the mechanisms of harvesting with Chlorella vulgaris. Results showed that a maximum harvesting efficiency of 97.14 % was achieved using CS-LCPs. Zeta potential and microscopic images revealed the presence of embedded CS-LCPs within microalgal flocs. Fractal dimension data suggested looser aggregates of CS-LCPs and Chlorella vulgaris, corroborated by Excitation-emission matrices (EEM) analysis further confirmation the presence of bridging networks. Moreover, life cycle assessment of five harvesting methods pointed freshwater ecotoxicity potential (FEP) and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TEP) as major environmental impacts, mainly from flocculant use, carrier production, and electricity consumption. Notably, LCPs showed the lowest global warming potential (GWP) at 1.54 kg CO2 eq, offering a viable, low-carbon, cost-effective harvesting alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Kaiwei Xu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Changqing Fang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China; School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Zhou Shen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chang Yan
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Liming Dong
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Zhaoyue Qin
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xiongbo Liang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
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Mathivanan K, Ameen F, Zhang R, Ravi G, Beduru S. Bubble column photobioreactor (BCPR) for cultivating microalgae and microalgal consortium (Co-CC) with additional CO 2 supply for enhancing biomass, lipid, and preferable fatty acids production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117284. [PMID: 37793593 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study has designed and developed a 5 L bubble column photobioreactor (BCPR) to investigate two microalgal strains Chlorella sp. S-01, Chlorella sp. S-02 and their consortium Co-CC (Chlorella sp. S-01 + Chlorella sp. S-02) at 0.03, 5, and 10% CO2 supply for biomass and lipid production. The dry cell weight of Chlorella sp. S-01, Chlorella sp. S-02 and Co-CC were, respectively about 1.41, 1.32, and 1.39 g/L on the 20th day without CO2 supply, while it was 1.76, 1.61, and 1.87 g/L, respectively at 10% CO2 supply and similarly, chlorophyll-a content was higher in 10% CO2 supplied condition over control. Interestingly, Co-CC grown at all the CO2 concentrations showed similar lipid content between 19.30 and 1F9.41%. As an integrated refinery approach, de-oiled biomass of Co-CC was subjected to carbohydrates and protein estimation and found that 46.2% and 30.80% in 10% CO2 supply condition in BCPR. Lipid extracted from the Co-CC grown under 0.03, 5, and 10% CO2 supply in 5L BCPR was converted to biodiesel, and the biodiesel yield was estimated to be 62.78%. Further, the fatty acid profile of Co-CC grown at 10% CO2 showed higher levels of C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, and monounsaturated fatty acids contents over other CO2 supplied conditions. Biodiesel of Co-CC showed favourable fuel properties such as density, higher heating value, oxidative stability, CFPP, viscosity, degree of unsaturation, saponification value, and cetane number, which were also in accordance with ASTM, and EN, biodiesel standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamurthy Mathivanan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Gangalla Ravi
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, 506009, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Beduru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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Ahangar AK, Yaqoubnejad P, Divsalar K, Mousavi S, Taghavijeloudar M. Design a novel internally illuminated mirror photobioreactor to improve microalgae production through homogeneous light distribution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129577. [PMID: 37517708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel internally illuminated mirror photobioreactor (IIM-PBR) was designed to improve microalgae biomass production through providing a homogenous light distribution in cultivation medium. The performance of the IIM-PBR was compared with internally illuminated control photobioreactor (IIC-PBR) and externally illuminated control photobioreactor (EIC-PBR) in terms of cell growth, wastewater treatment and bioproducts generation. Compared with the IIC-PBR and EIC-PBR, the IIM-PBR increased microalgae growth rate up to 60 % and 30%, respectively. Municipal wastewater treatment revealed that the IIM-PBR could significantly improve nutrients removal as the final removal efficiencies of 90%, 95% and 90% were obtained for nitrate, phosphate and COD, respectively. Moreover, the IIM-PBR increased the total bioproducts production by 89% and 46% compared to in the IIC-PBR and EIC-PBR, respectively. Based on the energy consumption calculation, the mirror's light-reflective properties of the IIM-PBR resulted in a significant reduction of total energy consumption (∼10 times).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khaleghzadeh Ahangar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-71167 Babol, Iran
| | - Poone Yaqoubnejad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-71167 Babol, Iran
| | - Keyhan Divsalar
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-71167 Babol, Iran
| | - Shokouh Mousavi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-71167 Babol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, South Korea.
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Nazari B, Abdolalian S, Taghavijeloudar M. An environmentally friendly approach for industrial wastewater treatment and bio-adsorption of heavy metals using Pistacia soft shell (PSS) through flocculation-adsorption process. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116595. [PMID: 37451581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the potential application of Pistacia soft shell (PSS) was investigated as a novel bio-based flocculant for pulp and paper wastewater (PPWW) treatment. In line with this, after characterization of the PSS, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and heavy metals (Cu2+ and Pb2+) from PPWW were investigated with different dosage of PSS. The results were compared with alum as a reference flocculant. In addition, the effect of pH adjustment on the flocculation-adsorption performance of PSS was studied under acidic and alkaline condition. Zeta potential, BET, FTIR and SEM as well as kinetics and isotherm analyses were conducted for mechanistic understanding. According to the results, PSS treatment could remove COD, turbidity, Cu2+ and Pb2+ up to 67%, 87%, 70% and 74%, respectively which were better than alum: 56%, 85%, 31% and 35%. It was observed that, pH adjustment significantly improved the performance of PSS treatment. Maximum removal efficiencies of 92%, 95%, 97% and 98% were achieved for COD, turbidity, Cu2+ and Pb2+, respectively, under optimal condition of using 2 g/L PSS at pH 9. The mechanism analysis revealed that the high removal efficiency of PSS is related to the dual flocculation-adsorption of bridging and sweeping mechanisms. The results of this study suggested PSS as a promising, sustainable and eco-friendly bio-based flocculant and adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Nazari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
| | - Saba Abdolalian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Zheng Q, Ning R, Zhang M, Deng X. Biofuel production as a promising way to utilize microalgae biomass derived from wastewater: progress, technical barriers, and potential solutions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250407. [PMID: 37662430 PMCID: PMC10471182 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zheng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ruoxu Ning
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiangyuan Deng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Zhenjiang Zhongnong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Khan S, Das P, Abdulquadir M, Thaher M, Al-Ghasal G, Hafez Mohammed Kashem A, Faisal M, Sayadi S, Al-Jabri H. Pilot-scale crossflow ultrafiltration of four different cell-sized marine microalgae to assess the ultrafiltration performance and energy requirements. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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