1
|
Ahmadi F, Lackner M. Recent findings in methanotrophs: genetics, molecular ecology, and biopotential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:60. [PMID: 38183483 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The potential consequences for mankind could be disastrous due to global warming, which arises from an increase in the average temperature on Earth. The elevation in temperature primarily stems from the escalation in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO2, CH4, and N2O within the atmosphere. Among these gases, methane (CH4) is particularly significant in driving alterations to the worldwide climate. Methanotrophic bacteria possess the distinctive ability to employ methane as both as source of carbon and energy. These bacteria show great potential as exceptional biocatalysts in advancing C1 bioconversion technology. The present review describes recent findings in methanotrophs including aerobic and anaerobic methanotroph bacteria, phenotypic characteristics, biotechnological potential, their physiology, ecology, and native multi-carbon utilizing pathways, and their molecular biology. The existing understanding of methanogenesis and methanotrophy in soil, as well as anaerobic methane oxidation and methanotrophy in temperate and extreme environments, is also covered in this discussion. New types of methanogens and communities of methanotrophic bacteria have been identified from various ecosystems and thoroughly examined for a range of biotechnological uses. Grasping the processes of methanogenesis and methanotrophy holds significant importance in the development of innovative agricultural techniques and industrial procedures that contribute to a more favorable equilibrium of GHG. This current review centers on the diversity of emerging methanogen and methanotroph species and their effects on the environment. By amalgamating advanced genetic analysis with ecological insights, this study pioneers a holistic approach to unraveling the biopotential of methanotrophs, offering unprecedented avenues for biotechnological applications. KEY POINTS: • The physiology of methanotrophic bacteria is fundamentally determined. • Native multi-carbon utilizing pathways in methanotrophic bacteria are summarized. • The genes responsible for encoding methane monooxygenase are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jamaludin NF, Ab Muis Z, Hashim H, Mohamed OY, Lek Keng L. A holistic mitigation model for net zero emissions in the palm oil industry. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27265. [PMID: 38500991 PMCID: PMC10945113 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving net zero emissions to ensure a sustainable future has become increasingly urgent in light of climate change. The palm oil industry in Malaysia plays a significant role in the country's economy but has faced criticism for its environmental impact, particularly in terms of sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions. While the government has implemented policies and initiatives to promote sustainable palm oil production and reduce emissions, there remains a need for a comprehensive and integrated mitigation strategy to help make an informed decision to improve the performance. To address the limitations of the current framework, this study proposes an Integrated Mitigation Strategy Model which incorporates established frameworks of Palm Oil Mill Carbon Accounting (POMCFA) and Sustainability Index (POMSI). This model has been developed based on the superstructure approach, considering a set of mitigation options to improve weak indicators identified through assessments. The selection of these options is informed by a theoretical review of existing literature on factor changes and their impact on emissions reduction. The model is further validated through case studies, ensuring its robustness and reliability. Based on the case study, it reveals that palm oil mill effluent, diesel consumption, and water consumption contribute the most to carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. In terms of sustainability scoring, the environmental aspect obtains the lowest scores compared to social and economic aspects. Weaknesses identified include dust concentration, palm oil mill effluent, and boiler emissions. Using the heuristics of factor changes equation, the mitigation model suggests implementing high-technology boilers as the optimal solution for these weaknesses. With the theoretical and empirical support behind the choice of variables, our model provides a valuable tool for decision-making in achieving net-zero emissions and sustainable palm oil production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Farhana Jamaludin
- Centre of Advanced Process Safety, Institute of Contaminant Management, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zarina Ab Muis
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Haslenda Hashim
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ola Yahia Mohamed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lim Lek Keng
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu B, Zhao Y, Liang X. Carbon emission potential of new energy vehicles under different electricity structures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125492-125509. [PMID: 37999849 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
New energy vehicles have a significant impact on reducing green house gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector, but the ability of new energy vehicles to reduce emissions under various development scenarios and electricity energy mix needs to be studied in depth. In this research, a GRA-BiLSTM model is constructed to predict the ownership of new energy vehicles by three scenario settings. Then, the structure of the future energy generation is forecast using a regression model. Finally, the carbon emissions under different energy structures are quantified and compared based on the prediction results, focusing on their carbon emission effects. The results show that in 2035, under three different development scenarios, the new energy vehicle ownership will reach 5711, 18122.76, and 218.93 million units, and the carbon emissions will be 60.897 billion kg, 193.246 billion kg, and 233.451 billion kg, respectively, based on the future energy development structure, accounting for 86% of the carbon emissions from the existing power generation structure. The carbon emission potential of new energy vehicles depends to a large extent on the future scenario of the power generation mix as well as the market for new energy vehicle ownership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingchun Liu
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Liang
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su G, Zulkifli NWM, Ong HC, Ibrahim S, Cheah MY, Zhu R, Bu Q. Co-pyrolysis of medical protective clothing and oil palm wastes for biofuel: Experimental, techno-economic, and environmental analyses. ENERGY (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2023; 273:127221. [PMID: 36942281 PMCID: PMC10014877 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19 has devastatingly influenced the environment, society, and economy around the world. Numerous medical resources are used to inhibit the infectious transmission of the virus, resulting in massive medical waste. This study proposes a sustainable and environment-friendly method to convert hazardous medical waste into valuable fuel products through pyrolysis. Medical protective clothing (MPC), a typical medical waste from COVID-19, was utilized for co-pyrolysis with oil palm wastes (OPWs). The utilization of MPC improved the bio-oil properties in OPWs pyrolysis. The addition of catalysts further ameliorated the bio-oil quality. HZSM-5 was more effective in producing hydrocarbons in bio-oil, and the relevant reaction pathway was proposed. Meanwhile, a project was simulated to co-produce bio-oil and electricity from the co-pyrolysis of OPWs and MPC from application perspectives. The techno-economic analysis indicated that the project was economically feasible, and the payback period was 6.30-8.75 years. Moreover, it was also environmentally benign as its global warming potential varied from -211.13 to -90.76 kg CO2-eq/t. Therefore, converting MPC and OPWs into biofuel and electricity through co-pyrolysis is a green, economic, and sustainable method that can decrease waste, produce valuable fuel products, and achieve remarkable economic and environmental benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Energy Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nurin Wahidah Mohd Zulkifli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Energy Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shaliza Ibrahim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mei Yee Cheah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Energy Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ruonan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Quan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|