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Liu X, He X, Zhang C, Song Y, Xie S, Liu C, Liu P, Zhang Y, Mu Y, Liu J. Characteristics and sources of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the rural North China Plain: Results from 1-year continuous observations. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:719-731. [PMID: 38135434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is an important photochemical pollutant in the troposphere, whereas long-term measurements are scarce in rural areas in North China Plain (NCP), resulting in unclear seasonal variations and sources of PAN in rural NCP. In this study, we conducted a 1-year observation of PAN during 2021-2022 at the rural NCP site. The average concentrations of PAN were 1.10, 0.75, 0.65, and 0.88 ppbv in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, with a 1-year average of 0.81 ± 0.60 ppbv. Calculations indicate that the loss of PAN through thermal decomposition in summer accounts for 43.2% of the total formed PAN, which is an important reason for the low concentration of PAN in summer. We speculate that since the correlation between PAN and O3 in winter is significantly lower than that in other seasons, the observed regional transport of PAN cannot be ignored in winter. Through budget analysis, regional transport accounted for 12.8% and 55.9% of the observed PAN on the spring and winter pollution days, respectively, which showed that regional transport played key roles during the photochemical pollution of the rural NCP in winter. The potential source contribution function revealed that the transported PAN mainly comes from southern Hebei in spring. In winter, the transported PAN was mainly from Langfang, Hengshui, and southern Beijing. Our findings may aid in understanding PAN variations in different seasons in rural areas and highlight the impact of regional transport on the PAN budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifei Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyang Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengtang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Lin C, Hu R, Xie P, Zhang G, Liu X, Tong J, Liu W. A three-channel thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer for simultaneous measurement of ambient total peroxy nitrates, total alkyl nitrates, and NO 2. Talanta 2024; 270:125524. [PMID: 38128285 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A newly constructed thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS) for the simultaneous measurement of ambient total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs, RO2NO2), total alkyl nitrates (ΣANs, RONO2), and NO2 was presented in this work. ΣPNs and ΣANs were detected as NO2 with the CRDS instrument after thermal dissociation. PNs and ANs completely dissociated at 180 °C and 360 °C, with conversion efficiencies of 96 % and 99 %, respectively. The effects of NO2 and NO on measurement in different temperatures and two types of thermal dissociation inlet (TDI) were further explored. The influence of ambient NO2 and NO on PNs and ANs in the improved TDI (TDI-2) was significantly improved. To further enhance the measurement accuracy, the consistency of the observed NO2 in the three channels was tested, which achieved good agreement. The detection limits of the TD-CRDS instrument for NO2, ΣPNs, and ΣANs were determined as 6.5, 6.8, and 8.6 pptv (10 s, 1σ), respectively. Observations of PNs and ANs were conducted in a suburban site in Hefei, China, from September 2-30, 2021, using the TD-CRDS instrument, and the consecutive time series of PNs and ANs were derived, verifying the capability of the TD-CRDS instrument for continuous field observations of ΣPNs and ΣANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Renzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jinzhao Tong
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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