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Liu Y, Li S, Wang L, Zhang P, Liu T, Li X. Temperature fluctuation in soil alters the nanoplastic sensitivity in wheat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172626. [PMID: 38657823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite the wide acknowledgment that plastic pollution and global warming have become serious agricultural concerns, their combined impact on crop growth remains poorly understood. Given the unabated megatrend, a simulated soil warming (SWT, +4 °C) microcosm experiment was carried out to provide a better understanding of the effects of temperature fluctuations on wheat seedlings exposed to nanoplastics (NPs, 1 g L-1 61.71 ± 0.31 nm polystyrene). It was documented that SWT induced oxidative stress in wheat seedlings grown in NPs-contaminated soil, with an 85.56 % increase in root activity, while decreasing plant height, fresh weight, and leaf area by 8.72 %, 47.68 %, and 15.04 % respectively. The SWT also resulted in reduced photosynthetic electron-transfer reaction and Calvin-Benson cycle in NPs-treated plants. Under NPs, SWT stimulated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolism and bio-oxidation process. The decrease in photosynthesis and the increase in respiration resulted in an 11.94 % decrease in net photosynthetic rate (Pn). These results indicated the complicated interplay between climate change and nanoplastic pollution in crop growth and underscored the potential risk of nanoplastic pollution on crop production in the future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in the Northeastern, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Engineering Laboratory for Eco-agriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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He Z, Shang X, Zhang T, Yun J. Ca and Mg stimulate protein synthesis in maize kernel through the action of endogenous hormones and defense enzymes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108280. [PMID: 38103337 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) mineral states in rain-fed arid regions of Northwest China are inefficient, and their levels of substitution and water-soluble states are far below the lowest threshold required for maize growth, resulting in frequent physiological diseases, restricting synthesis of kernel protein (CRP). Our study set up different levels of foliar spraying of Ca and Mg fertilizers before maize pollination to examine the response characteristics of physiological and biochemical indicators in kernel, and the driving process of CRP synthesis. The main findings were: (1) Ca and Mg significantly increased the levels of CRP and endogenous hormones, and the activities of defense enzymes and CRP synthesis enzymes, which decreased significantly and stabilized at the maturity stage of maize. (2) The synthesis and accumulation of CRP were synergistically regulated by endogenous hormones, defense enzymes, and CRP synthase enzymes, with the degree of regulation varying with the level of Ca and Mg supplementation. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin riboside (ZR), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were the primary physiological driving indicators of CRP synthesis, with CRP having a significant synergistic relationship with CAT and a remarkable trade-off with other driving indicators. (3) The dominant driving pathway of CRP synthesis was "Ca, Mg-IAA or GA or ZR-CAT-GDH-CRP". Ca and Mg positively affected IAA and GA levels, and IAA and GA positively regulated CAT activity. However, CAT negatively regulated GDH levels, causing GDH to negatively influence the synthesis and accumulation of CRP and its components. The findings provide theoretical support for further study of inter-root endogenous hormones and soil microbe-driven processes in the regulation of maize quality by Ca and Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoquan He
- School of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China; Shaanxi Provincial and Municipal Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Resource Plants of Loess Plateau, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China.
| | - Xue Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China; Shaanxi Provincial and Municipal Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Resource Plants of Loess Plateau, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China; College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Tonghui Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianying Yun
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Zhang S, Xia Z, Wang Q, Fu Y, Zhang G, Lu H. Soil cooling can improve maize root-shoot growth and grain yield in warm climate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107762. [PMID: 37207493 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global warming causes topsoil temperatures to increase, which potentially leads to maize yield loss. We explored the effects of soil warming/cooling on root-shoot growth and maize grain yields by performing pot experiments with a heat-sensitive maize hybrid (HS208) and a normal maize hybrid (SD609) in warm temperate climate in 2019 and 2020. Our results reveal, for the first time, differences in root characteristics, leaf photosynthetic physiology, and yield responses to soil warming and cooling between normal and heat-sensitive maize varieties under a warm temperate climate. Soil warming (+2 and 4 °C) inhibited whole root growth by decreasing root length, volume, and dry mass weight, which indirectly reduced leaf photosynthetic capacity and decreased grain yield/plant by 15.10-24.10% versus control plants exposed to ambient temperature. Soil cooling (-2 °C) promoted root growth and leaf photosynthesis, and significantly increased grain yield of HS208 by 12.61%, although no significant change was found with SD609. It can be seen that under unfavorable conditions of global warming, selection of excellent stress-resistant hybrids plays an important role in alleviating the soil heat stress of maize in warm temperate climate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 12100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhenqing Xia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 12100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 12100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yafang Fu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 12100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 12100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Haidong Lu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 12100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100, China.
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