Rapid saline-alkali sensitivity testing using hydrogel/gold nanoparticles-modified screen-printed electrodes

Recent advances in electrochemical cell-based biosensors for food analysis: Strategies for sensor construction

Owing to their advantages such as great specificity, sensitivity, rapidity, and possibility of noninvasive and real-time monitoring, electrochemical cell-based biosensors (ECBBs) have been a powerful tool for food analysis encompassing the areas of nutrition, flavor, and safety. Notably, the distinctive biological relevance of ECBBs enables them to mimic physiological environments and reflect cellular behaviors, leading to valuable insights into the biological function of target components in food. Compared with previous reviews, this review fills the current gap in the narrative of ECBB construction strategies. The review commences by providing an overview of the materials and configuration of ECBBs, including cell types, cell immobilization strategies, electrode modification materials, and electrochemical sensing types. Subsequently, a detailed discussion is presented on the fabrication strategies of ECBBs in food analysis applications, which are categorized based on distinct signal sources. Lastly, we summarize the merits, drawbacks, and application scope of these diverse strategies, and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of ECBBs. Consequently, this review provides guidance for the design of ECBBs with specific functions and promotes the application of ECBBs in food analysis.

Effective strategies for reclamation of saline-alkali soil and response mechanisms of the soil-plant system

The combination of amendments has emerged as a potential strategy to efficiently alleviate salt stress in saline-alkali soil. However, knowledge regarding how to optimize the proportion of different amendment materials, comprehensively assess the contribution of each component, and clarify the response mechanisms of the amendment-saline-alkali soil-plant system is incomplete. Based on this, we conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the improvement effect of the combined application of different amendment materials at varying levels and the contribution of the amendment components to alleviating salt stress. Overall, T6 exhibited the most significant improvement effect on the physicochemical and biological properties of the saline-alkali soil and promoted the growth of oilseed rape, with the levels of 2.0 % phosphogypsum, 2.0 % humic acid, 0.25 % bentonite, and 0.03 % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Compared with the control group, the EC decreased by 1.51 % to 33.49 %, the soil salt content dropped by 11.40 % to 35.46 %, and the soil soluble Na + concentration significantly declined by 39.47 % to 63.20 %. Additionally, the soil nutrient content and soil microbial community structure were enhanced in treatment groups. Meanwhile, amendments alleviated salt stress in the oilseed rape plant by activating anti-oxidative enzymes and osmoregulatory substances such as soluble sugar and proline, thus improving their ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS). The anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased, with an increase of 10.68 % (SOD, T2) ∼207.31 % (CAT, T6) compared to the control group. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis and simulation experiments indicated that the amendment components synergically promoted the amelioration effect on salt stress, and effectively improved soil properties, which affected the response of oilseed rape to soil environment. This research paper provides the relevant reference for the combined application of different amendment materials for soil reclamation.