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Tadei R, Castor RES, Malaspina O, Mathias da Silva EC. Effect of neonicotinoid and fungicide strobilurin in neotropical solitary bee Centris analis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124712. [PMID: 39134169 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides is one of the factors directly impacting bee populations. However, limited information is available on the pesticide effects on solitary bees, especially in Neotropical countries. In this scenario, this study evaluated the survival and histopathological effects caused by the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid (7 ng/μL) and the fungicide azoxystrobin (10 ng/μL) in the midgut and parietal fat body of the solitary bee Centris analis. Female and male newly-emerged bees were orally exposed for 48 h to the pesticides, or alone or in combination, under laboratory conditions. The exposure to the insecticide reduced the survival of males, while the mixture reduced survival in both sexes. Acetamiprid promoted a reduction in the number of regenerative nests in the midgut, alterations of fat body cells by increasing carbohydrates in trophocytes, and reduction of oenocyte size, and increased the frequency of pericardial cells in the advanced activity stage. Both pesticides caused changes in HSP70 immunolabelling of midgut from males at the end of pesticide exposure. Comparatively, the effects on males were stronger than in females exposed to the same pesticides. Therefore, acetamiprid alone and in mixture with fungicide azoxystrobin can be harmful to males and females of Neotropical solitary bee C. analis showing lethal and sublethal effects at a concentration likely to be found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Tadei
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Bioscience, Rio Claro, Brazil; Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Rebeca E S Castor
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Biology, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Bioscience, Rio Claro, Brazil
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2
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da Silva JA, Farder-Gomes CF, Barchuk AR, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. Sublethal exposure to thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin affects the midgut and Malpighian tubules of the stingless bee Frieseomelitta varia (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:875-883. [PMID: 39001973 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The stingless bee Frieseomelitta varia Lepeletier 1836 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is an essential pollinator in natural and agricultural ecosystems in the Neotropical region. However, these bees may be exposed to pesticides during foraging, which can affect both individuals and their colonies. One example comes from the use of pyraclostrobin (a fungicide) and thiamethoxam (an insecticide) for pest control in pepper crops, which F. varia visits. This study aimed to evaluate the isolated and combined sublethal effects of thiamethoxam (TMX) (0.000543 ng a.i./µL) and pyraclostrobin (PYR) (1.5 ng i.a./µL) on the morphology of the midgut and Malpighian tubules of F. varia workers. Results showed that both pesticides, regardless of the exposure time (through feeding during 48 h or 96 h), disturbed the morphology of the analyzed organs. Specifically, F. varia exposed orally to sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin, either alone or in combination, exhibited a higher rate of damage to the midgut (e.g., vacuolization, apocrine secretion, and cellular elimination) compared to the bees in the control groups, both after 48 h and 96 h of exposure. In Malpighian tubules, vacuolation is the only damage present. As the observed morphological alterations likely compromise the excretion and absorption functions, exposure to pyraclostrobin and thiamethoxam may lead to disturbances at both the individual and colony levels. These results highlight the urgent need for a future reassessment of the safety of fungicides and insecticides regarding their potential effects on bee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angel Roberto Barchuk
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Departament of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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3
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Keodara A, Jeker L, Straub L, Grossar D, Müller J, Christen V. Novel fungicide and neonicotinoid insecticide impair flight behavior in pollen foraging honey bees, Apis mellifera. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22865. [PMID: 39354118 PMCID: PMC11445536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bees are often exposed to pesticides affecting physiological functions and molecular mechanisms. Studies showed a potential link between altered expression of energy metabolism related transcripts and increased homing flight time of foragers exposed to pesticides. In this study, we investigated the effects of thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin on longevity, flight behavior, and expression of transcripts involved in endocrine regulation (hbg-3, buffy, vitellogenin) and energy metabolism (cox5a, cox5b, cox17) using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Parallel, a laboratory study was conducted investigating whether pesticide exposure alone without the influence of flight activity caused similar expression patterns as in the RFID experiment. No significant effect on survival, homing flight duration, or return rate of exposed bees was detected. The overall time foragers spent outside the hive was significantly reduced post-exposure. Irrespective of the treatment group, a correlation was observed between cox5a, cox5b, cox17 and hbg-3 expression and prolonged homing flight duration. Our results suggest that flight behavior can impact gene expression and exposure to pesticides adversely affects the expression of genes that are important for maintaining optimal flight capacity. Our laboratory-based experiment showed significantly altered expression levels of cox5a, cox6c, and cox17. However, further work is needed to identify transcriptional profiles responsible for prolonged homing flight duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Keodara
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Jeker
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Center, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Straub
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology, North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong, Thailand
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Daniela Grossar
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Center, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Müller
- Federal Office of Information Technology, Systems and Telecommunication, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Verena Christen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland.
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4
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Phokasem P, Disayathanoowat T, Chantaphanwattana T, Sinpoo C, Chen YP, Evans JD, Lee JH, Krongdang S. Comparative toxicity of oral exposure to paraquat: Survival rates and gene expression in two honey bees species; Apis mellifera and Apis cerana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:125026. [PMID: 39326830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees provide vital pollination services to agricultural crops and wild plants worldwide. Unfortunately, the misuse and overuse of pesticides in agricultural production have led to an increase in incidents harming honey bees in recent years. Among the commonly utilized bee species in beekeeping are Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, with wild A. cerana populations widely dispersed in forests, contributing substantially to ecosystem balance. Yet, the impact of paraquat, a toxic herbicide, on A. cerana remains largely unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by examining acute exposure endpoints based on mortality represented by median lethal doses (LD50 values) of paraquat, survival rates, and gene expression patterns between the A. cerana and A. mellifera. The findings revealed that A. cerana exhibits greater sensitivity to paraquat compared to A. mellifera. The acute oral LD50 values for A. cerana were 5.85, 1.74, and 1.21 μg/bee at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for A. mellifera were 104.00, 11.00, and 6.41 μg/bee. Further, the study demonstrated significant upregulation of the detoxification (antioxidative) enzymes SOD1, CAT, and LLDH-X2 in both A. mellifera and A. cerana following exposure to the lethal dose of paraquat. However, SOD2 expression was notably downregulated in both species, indicating potential mitochondrial damage. These findings suggest that while honey bees initiate activate defense mechanisms against oxidative damage, paraquat exposure may still impair mitochondrial function. Paraquat was found to be moderately toxic to A. mellifera but highly toxic to A. cerana, indicating the importance of screening multiple bee species when assessing the risks of chemical exposure. This research provides a rare comparative analysis of chemical stress effects on morbidity and gene expression in two different honey bee species, establishing a foundational framework for risk assessment and the regulation of herbicide risks to pollinating insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Phokasem
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Deep Technology in Beekeeping and Bee Products for Sustainable Development Goals (SMARTBEE SDGs), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Terd Disayathanoowat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Deep Technology in Beekeeping and Bee Products for Sustainable Development Goals (SMARTBEE SDGs), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | | | - Chainarong Sinpoo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Deep Technology in Beekeeping and Bee Products for Sustainable Development Goals (SMARTBEE SDGs), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Yan Ping Chen
- US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Jay D Evans
- US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon State, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sasiprapa Krongdang
- US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA; Faculty of Science and Social Sciences, Burapha University, Sa Kaeo Campus, Sa Kaeo, 27160, Thailand.
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5
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Tadei R, Silva CID, Mathias da Silva EC, Malaspina O. Effects of the insecticide acetamiprid and the fungicide azoxystrobin on locomotion activity and mushroom bodies of solitary bee Centris analis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143254. [PMID: 39233294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide use is a major factor contributing to the global decline in bee populations. Sublethal effects, such as behavior alterations, are neglected in pesticide regulation for pollinators. However, these effects can bring important information to understanding the impacts of pesticides on bees' daily activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the insecticide acetamiprid (7 ng/μL) and the fungicide azoxystrobin (10 ng/μL) on the behavior of the Neotropical solitary bee Centris analis. Female and male bees were exposed to these chemicals continuously for 48 h, followed by an additional 48 h without contaminated food, totaling 96 h of observation. We used five experimental groups: control, solvent control, insecticide, fungicide, and pesticide mixture (insecticide + fungicide). Behavioral alterations based on locomotion and light response were assessed by video tracking at 48 (end of pesticide exposure) and 96 h (end of bioassay). In addition, after recording bees at 96 h, the individuals were anesthetized for brain collection and histological evaluation of mushroom bodies to evaluate if pesticides can damage their neurons and impair the cognitive processes and responses of bees to sensory stimuli. Bees exposed to acetamiprid and pesticide mixture showed lethargic movements and impaired locomotion at 48 h. Notably, these behavioral effects were no longer evident after the bees consumed uncontaminated food for an additional 48 h, totaling 96 h from the start of pesticide exposure. Only fungicide exposure did not result in any behavioral or brain histological changes. Therefore, our study showed that acetamiprid at an estimated residual concentration, despite being classified as having low toxicity for bees, can cause significant initial locomotion disruption in solitary bees. These findings highlight the importance of considering sublethal effects in environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Tadei
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Rio Claro, Brazil; Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Inês da Silva
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | | | - Osmar Malaspina
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Rio Claro, Brazil
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6
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Han S, Sun W, Sun X, Yue Y, Miao J, Dang X, Diao J, Teng M, Zhu W. Co-exposure to boscalid and amoxicillin inhibited the degradation of boscalid and aggravated the threat to the earthworm. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106022. [PMID: 39084781 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The extensive application of pesticides and antibiotics in agricultural production makes it possible for them to coexist in farmland, and the interaction of the two pollutants can lead to changes in environmental behavior and toxicity, creating uncertainty risks to soil and soil organisms. In this study, we explored the environmental behavior and the effects of earthworms under co-exposure to amoxicillin and boscalid and further explored the accumulation and toxic effects on earthworms. The results showed that amoxicillin increased the adsorption of boscalid in soil and inhibited its degradation. In addition, we noticed that the co-exposure of amoxicillin and boscalid caused intestinal barrier damage, which increased the bioaccumulation of earthworms for boscalid and led to more severe oxidative stress and metabolic disorders in earthworms. In summary, our findings indicate that amoxicillin can increase the ecological risk of boscalid in the environment and imply that the encounter between antibiotics and pesticides in the environment can amplify the toxic effects of pesticides, which provides new insights into the ecological risks of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Han
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifan Yue
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiyan Miao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinrui Dang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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7
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Chen X, Wang F, Guo H, Liu X, Wu S, Lv L, Tang T. Uncovering hidden dangers: The combined toxicity of abamectin and lambda-cyhalothrin on honey bees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173126. [PMID: 38734105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Studying the toxic effects of pesticides on bees has consistently been a prominent area of interest for researchers. Nonetheless, existing research has predominantly concentrated on individual toxicity assessments, leaving a gap in our understanding of mixed toxicity. This study delves into the individual and combined toxic effects of abamectin (ABA) and lambda-cyhalothrin (LCY) on honey bees (Apis mellifera) in laboratory settings. We discovered that ABA (96 h-LC50 value of 0.079 mg/L) exhibited greater acute toxicity to honey bees compared to LCY (96 h-LC50 value of 9.177 mg/L). Moreover, the mixture of ABA and LCY presented an acute antagonistic effect on honey bees. Additionally, our results indicated that exposure to LCY, at medium concentration, led to a reduction in the abundance of gut core bacterium Snodgrassella. However, an increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium was noted when exposed to a medium concentration of LCY and its mixture with ABA. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant regulation of certain genes in the medium concentration of all three treatments compared to the control group, primarily enriching in metabolism and immune-related pathways. Following chronic exposure to field-relevant concentrations of ABA, LCY, and their mixture, there were significant alterations in the activities of immunity-related enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and detoxification enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE). Additionally, the expression of four genes (abaecin, cyp9e2, cyp302a1, and GstD1) associated with immune and detoxification metabolism was significantly altered. These findings suggest a potential health risk posed by the insecticides ABA and LCY to honey bees. Despite exhibiting acute antagonistic effect, mixed exposure still induced damage to bees at all levels. This study advances our knowledge of the potential adverse effects of individual or combined exposure to these two pesticides on non-target pollinators and offers crucial guidance for the use of insecticides in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Haikun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xinju Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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8
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Wu J, Liu F, Sun J, Wei Q, Kang W, Wang F, Zhang C, Zhao M, Xu S, Han B. Toxic effects of acaricide fenazaquin on development, hemolymph metabolome, and gut microbiome of honeybee (Apis mellifera) larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142207. [PMID: 38697560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Fenazaquin, a potent insecticide widely used to control phytophagous mites, has recently emerged as a potential solution for managing Varroa destructor mites in honeybees. However, the comprehensive impact of fenazaquin on honeybee health remains insufficiently understood. Our current study investigated the acute and chronic toxicity of fenazaquin to honeybee larvae, along with its influence on larval hemolymph metabolism and gut microbiota. Results showed that the acute median lethal dose (LD50) of fenazaquin for honeybee larvae was 1.786 μg/larva, and the chronic LD50 was 1.213 μg/larva. Although chronic exposure to low doses of fenazaquin exhibited no significant effect on larval development, increasing doses of fenazaquin resulted in significant increases in larval mortality, developmental time, and deformity rates. At the metabolic level, high doses of fenazaquin inhibited nucleotide, purine, and lipid metabolism pathways in the larval hemolymph, leading to energy metabolism disorders and physiological dysfunction. Furthermore, high doses of fenazaquin reduced gut microbial diversity and abundance, characterized by decreased relative abundance of functional gut bacterium Lactobacillus kunkeei and increased pathogenic bacterium Melissococcus plutonius. The disrupted gut microbiota, combined with the observed gut tissue damage, could potentially impair food digestion and nutrient absorption in the larvae. Our results provide valuable insights into the complex and diverse effects of fenazaquin on honeybee larvae, establishing an important theoretical basis for applying fenazaquin in beekeeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiajing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiaohong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weipeng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Chenhuan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Meijiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shufa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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9
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Duan X, Wang L, Wang R, Xiong M, Qin G, Huang S, Li J. Variation in the physiological response of adult worker bees of different ages (Apis mellifera L.) to pyraclostrobin stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115754. [PMID: 38043416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The social division of labor within the honeybee colony is closely related to the age of the bees, and the age structure is essential to the development and survival of the colony. Differences in tolerance to pesticides and other external stresses among worker bees of different ages may be related to their social division of labor and corresponding physiological states. Pyraclostrobin was widely used to control the fungal diseases of nectar and pollen plants, though it was not friend to honey bees and other pollinators. This work aimed to determine the effects of field recommended concentrations of pyraclostrobin on the activities of protective and detoxifying enzymes, on the expression of genes involved in nutrient metabolism, and immune response in worker bees of different ages determined to investigate the physiological and biochemical differences in sensitivity to pyraclostrobin among different age of worker bees. The result demonstrates that the tolerance of adult worker bees to pyraclostrobin was negatively correlated with their age, and the significantly reduced survival rate of forager bees (21 day-old) with continued fungicide exposure. The activities of protective enzymes (CAT and SOD) and detoxifying enzymes (CarE, GSTs and CYP450) in different ages of adult worker bees were significantly altered, indicating the physiological response and the regulatory capacity of worker bees of different ages to fungicide stress was variation. Compared with 1 and 8 day-old worker bees, the expression of nutrient-related genes (ilp1 and ilp2) and immunity-related genes (apidaecin and defensin1) in forager bees (21 day-old) was gradually downregulated with increasing pyraclostrobin concentrations. Moreover, the expression of vitellogenin and hymenoptaecin in forager bees (21 day-old) was also decreased in high concentration treatment groups (250 and 313 mg/L). The present study confirmed the findings of the chronic toxicity of pyraclostrobin on the physiology and biochemistry of worker bees of different ages, especially to forager bees (21 day-old). These results would provide important physiological and biochemical insight for better understanding the potential risks of pyraclostrobin on honeybees and other non-target pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Duan
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lizhu Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Manqiong Xiong
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gan Qin
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaokang Huang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianghong Li
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
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10
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Kong Y, Si M, Wang P, Guo H, Liu X, Zhao M. Enantioselectivity effects of energy metabolism in honeybees (Apis mellifera) by triticonazole. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162884. [PMID: 36933730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The heavy use of agrochemicals is considered a major factor contributing to the decline in wild honeybee populations. Development of low-toxicity enantiomers of chiral fungicides is the key to reducing the potential threats to honeybees. In this study, we evaluated the enantioselective toxic effects of triticonazole (TRZ) on honeybees and its molecular mechanisms. The results showed that after long-term exposure to TRZ, the content of thoracic ATP decreased significantly, by 41 % in R-TRZ treatments and by 46 % in S-TRZ treatments. Furthermore, the transcriptomic results indicated that S-TRZ and R-TRZ significantly altered the expression of 584 genes and 332 genes, respectively. Pathway analysis indicated that R- and S-TRZ could affect different genes expressed in GO terms and metabolic pathways, especially the transport GO terms (GO: 0006810) and pathways of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, and pentose phosphate. Additionally, S-TRZ had a more pronounced effect on honeybee energy metabolism, disrupting a greater number of genes involved in the TCA cycle and glycolysis/glycogenesis, exerting a stronger effect on energy metabolic pathways, including nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. In summary, we recommend reducing the proportion of S-TRZ in racemate to minimize the threat to the survival of honeybees and protect the diversity of economic insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Min Si
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Haikun Guo
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Xinju Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China.
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Dong J, Huang M, Guo H, Zhang J, Tan X, Wang D. Ternary Mixture of Azoxystrobin, Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin Disrupts the Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Balance of Honeybees (Apis cerana cerana). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065354. [PMID: 36982426 PMCID: PMC10049333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing risk of pollinators being exposed to multiple fungicides due to the widespread use of fungicides for plant protection. A safety assessment of honeybees exposed to multiple commonly used fungicides is urgently required. Therefore, the acute oral toxicity of the ternary mixed fungicide of ABP (azoxystrobin: boscalid: pyraclostrobin = 1:1:1, m/m/m) was tested on honeybees (Apis cerana cerana), and its sublethal effect on foragers’ guts was evaluated. The results showed that the acute oral median lethal concentration (LD50) of ABP for foragers was 12.6 μg a.i./bee. ABP caused disorder of the morphological structure of midgut tissue and affected the intestinal metabolism; the composition and structure of the intestinal microbial community was perturbed, which altered its function. Moreover, the transcripts of genes involved in detoxification and immunity were strongly upregulated with ABP treatment. The study implies that exposure to a fungicide mixture of ABP can cause a series of negative effects on the health of foragers. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the comprehensive effects of common fungicides on non-target pollinators in the context of ecological risk assessment and the future use of fungicides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Minjie Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Haikun Guo
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Deqian Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (D.W.)
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