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Reymond N, Estoppey N, Weyermann C, Glanzmann V. Breaking barriers in passive sampling: The potential of PTFE membranes in the monitoring of hydrophilic micropollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134853. [PMID: 38878431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Passive samplers are key tools to sample hydrophilic micropollutants in water. Two main approaches address the influence of hydrodynamics: (1) determining site-specific sampling rate (RS) by characterizing kw, the mass transfer coefficient of the water-boundary layer (WBL), and (2) reducing WBL impact using a diffusive material to control the uptake. The first requires calibration data and the second has only been achieved using fragile diffusive material. This study assesses the transfer of hydrophilic contaminants through polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; 30 µm thick), a new membrane material with lower sorption than commonly used polyethersulfone (PES). Combined for the first time in a Chemcatcher-like configuration, we calibrated the modified samplers for 44 micropollutants to provide RS - kw relationships for in-situ RS determination (approach 1). Micropollutants accumulated over 2000 times more on the sorbent than on PTFE. PTFE-based RS (0.027 to 0.300 L day-1) were 2.5 higher than previously reported with PES. Membrane property measurements (porosity, tortuosity) indicated that accumulation is primarily controlled by the membrane. Extrapolation indicated that using thicker PTFE membranes (≥ 100 µm) would shift uptake control entirely to the membrane in river conditions (approach 2). This finding could enable RS prediction based on contaminants properties, thus representing a significant advancement in passive sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Reymond
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, Oslo N-0806, Norway.
| | - Céline Weyermann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Vick Glanzmann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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Booij K, Crum S, Vrana B, Grabic R, Morin NAO, Parmentier K, Kech C, Krystek P, Noro K, Becker B, Lohmann R, Malleret L, Kaserzon SL, Miège C, Alliot F, Pfeiffer F, Crowley D, Rakowska M, Ocelka T, Kim GB, Röhler L. Ongoing Laboratory Performance Study on Chemical Analysis of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Three Aquatic Passive Samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6772-6780. [PMID: 38577774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The quality of chemical analysis is an important aspect of passive sampling-based environmental assessments. The present study reports on a proficiency testing program for the chemical analysis of hydrophobic organic compounds in silicone and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers and hydrophilic compounds in polar organic chemical integrative samplers. The median between-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) of hydrophobic compound concentrations in the polymer phase were 33% (silicone) and 38% (LDPE), similar to the CVs obtained in four earlier rounds of this program. The median CV over all rounds was 32%. Much higher variabilities were observed for hydrophilic compound concentrations in the sorbent: 50% for the untransformed data and a factor of 1.6 after log transformation. Limiting the data to the best performing laboratories did not result in less variability. Data quality for hydrophilic compounds was only weakly related to the use of structurally identical internal standards and was unrelated to the choice of extraction solvent and extraction time. Standard deviations of the aqueous concentration estimates for hydrophobic compound sampling by the best performing laboratories were 0.21 log units for silicone and 0.27 log units for LDPE (factors of 1.6 to 1.9). The implications are that proficiency testing programs may give more realistic estimates of uncertainties in chemical analysis than within-laboratory quality control programs and that these high uncertainties should be taken into account in environmental assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees Booij
- PaSOC, Kimswerd 8821 LV, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Crum
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany 38925, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas A O Morin
- Laboratoire de l'Environnement et de l'Alimentation de la Vendée, La Roche sur Yon 85021, France
| | - Koen Parmentier
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Oostende 8400, Belgium
| | - Cécile Kech
- Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP), Liège 4000, Belgium
| | | | - Kazushi Noro
- University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture, and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Osaka 583-0862, Japan
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Rheinland-Pfalz 56068, Germany
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Laure Malleret
- Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence 13545, France
| | - Sarit L Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | | | - Fabrice Alliot
- METIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL University, UMR 7619, Paris 75005, France
| | - Fabienne Pfeiffer
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Magdalena Rakowska
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1023, United States
- Envirostatus LLC., Lubbock, Texas 79415, United States
| | - Tomas Ocelka
- DioxinLab, E&H Services Inc., Dobrá 739 51, Czech Republic
| | - Gi Beum Kim
- Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura Röhler
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo 0579, Norway
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Fialová P, Šverclová K, Grabicová K, Grabic R, Švecová H, Nováková P, Vrana B. Performance comparison of three passive samplers for monitoring of polar organic contaminants in treated municipal wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168153. [PMID: 37914129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, several types of passive samplers have been developed and used to monitor polar organic compounds in aquatic environments. These samplers use different sorbents and barriers to control the uptake into the sampler, but their performance comparison is usually not well investigated. This study aimed to directly compare the performance of three samplers, i.e., the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS), the Hydrogel-based Passive Sampler (HPS, an upscaled version of o-DGT), and the Speedisk, on a diverse suite of pharmaceuticals, per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS), and pesticides and their metabolites. The samplers were deployed side-by-side in the treated effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant for different exposure times. All samplers accumulated a comparable number of compounds, and integrative uptake was observed for most compounds detected up to 28 days for POCIS, up to 14 days for HPS, and up to 42 days for Speedisk. In the integrative uptake phase, consistent surface-specific uptake was observed with a significant correlation between samplers (r ≥ 0.76) despite differences in sampler construction, diffusion barrier, and sorbent material used. The low sampling rates compared to the literature and the low estimated overall mass transfer coefficient suggests that the water boundary layer was the main barrier controlling the uptake for all samplers. Although all devices provided comparable performance, Speedisk overcomes POCIS and HPS in several criteria, including time-integrative sampling over a long period and physical durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Fialová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Šverclová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Nováková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic.
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Reymond N, Glanzmann V, Huisman S, Plagellat C, Weyermann C, Estoppey N. An improved Chemcatcher-based method for the integrative passive sampling of 44 hydrophilic micropollutants in surface water - Part B: Field implementation and comparison with automated active sampling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161937. [PMID: 36736390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrative passive sampling is particularly useful in the monitoring of hydrophilic contaminants in surface water, but the impact of hydrodynamics on contaminant uptake still needs to be better considered. In part A (Glanzmann et al., 2023), Chemcatcher-like hydrophilic samplers (i.e., SDB-RPS extraction disks covered by PES microporous membranes) were calibrated to determine the sampling rates RS of 44 hydrophilic contaminants (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial products) taking into account the hydrodynamic conditions. In this study, Chemcatcher-like passive sampling devices that allowed co-deploying hydrophilic samplers and performance reference compounds (PRC)-spiked silicone disks were tested in a Swiss river with intermediate water velocities (5-50 cm s-1, 23 cm s-1 on average) during 11 consecutive 14-day periods. The PRC dissipation from silicone disks - combined with the calibration data from part A - allowed to determine in-situ RS that took into account hydrodynamic conditions. The obtained aqueous time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations were found to be robust with good concordance between duplicates (mean quotient of 1.16 between the duplicates). For most measurements (76 %), TWA concentrations showed no major difference (<factor 2) from concentrations obtained with automated sampling (14-day composite samples). This observation was also valid for TWA concentrations calculated with extrapolated RS at infinite water velocity (RS,MAX), revealing that the added value of using in-situ RS compared to RS,MAX is limited above intermediate water velocities (>20 cm s-1). RS from the literature (RS,LIT) - obtained at water velocities between 8 and 37 cm s-1 - were also shown to provide comparable TWA concentrations in the studied hydrodynamic conditions (average water velocity of 24 cm s-1). The estimated errors due to the use of RS,MAX or RS,LIT rather than in-situ RS are given as a function of the water velocity to determine in which conditions the developed method is required (or not) in monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Reymond
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vick Glanzmann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofie Huisman
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Plagellat
- Chimie des Eaux, Direction Générale de l'Environnement, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Weyermann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
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