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Pan X, Bao G, Wang H, Hu J, Fan X, Xiang T, Tian L. The freeze-thaw cycle exacerbates the ecotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics to Secale cereale L. seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108716. [PMID: 38744087 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In the context of global climate change, recurrent freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) and concurrent exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) directly impact crop growth and indirectly affect resilience to abiotic stress. In January 2023, experiments at the Environmental Biology Laboratory, Jilin University, Changchun, China, exposed rye seedlings to 100 nm PSNPs at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 100 mg/L for seven days, followed by three FTC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that PSNPs migrated from the roots to the leaves, with FTC significantly exacerbating their accumulation within plant tissues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that FTC disrupted normal cell division, and combined stress from NPs damaged plant organs, particularly chloroplasts, thereby substantially inhibiting photosynthesis. FTC delayed plant phenological stages. Under combined stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in plant tissues increased by 15.6%, while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content decreased. Simultaneously, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased by 34.2% and 38.6%, respectively. Molecular docking unveiled that PSNPs could bind to the active center of POD/CAT through hydrogen bonding or hydrophobic interactions. The Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index highlighted FTC as a crucial determinant for pronounced effects. Moreover, an apparent dose-dependent effect was observed, with antioxidant enzyme activities in rye seedlings induced by low pollutant concentrations and inhibited by high concentrations. These results indicate that FTC and PSNPs can disrupt plant membrane systems and cause severe oxidative damage. Overall, this study provides compelling scientific evidence of the risks associated with NPs exposure in plants subjected to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Guozhang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Huixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jinke Hu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lingzhi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education (Jilin University), China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Zheng Q, Wu H, Yan L, Zhang Y, Wang J. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and PCB-44 exposure on growth and physiological biochemistry of Chlorella vulgaris. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170366. [PMID: 38280605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Both NPs and PCBs are emerging contaminants widely distributed in the environment, and it is worth exploring whether the combination of the two contaminants causes serious pollution and harm. Therefore, we studied the effects of PS-NPs and PCB-44 alone and together after 96 h and 21 d of exposure to C. pyrenoidosa. The results showed that PS-NPs and PCB-44 affected the cell cycle of C. pyrenoidosa and inhibited its normal growth. Under PS-NPs and PCB-44 stress, the relative conductivity of the algal solution increased, the hydrophobicity of the algal cell surface decreased, and the synthesis of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was reduced. In addition to physiological, there are biochemical effects on C. pyrenoidosa. PS-NPs and PCB-44 exposure induced oxidative stress with significant changes in the enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT together with MDA content. Moreover, the relative expression of photosynthesis-related genes (psbA, rbcL, rbcS) all responded, negatively affecting photosynthesis. In particular, significant toxic effects were observed with single exposure to PCB-44 and co-exposure to PS-NPs and PCB-44, with similar trends of effects in acute and chronic experiments. Taken together, exposure to PS-NPs and PCB-44 caused negative effects on the growth and physiological biochemistry of C. pyrenoidosa. These results provide scientific information to further explore the effects of NPs and PCBs on aquatic organisms and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hanru Wu
- GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511457, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
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Narayanan G, Talib M, Singh N, Darbha GK. Toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (chrysene and fluoranthene) on the growth and physiological characteristics of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 268:106838. [PMID: 38295601 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
While the toxicity of nano-microplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to aquatic organisms is well-studied, their joint impact on microalgae is less explored. This study focused on single and combined effects of PS-NPs (30 nm; concentrations: 2, 5, 10, and 25 mg/L) and two PAHs (chrysene and fluoranthene at 10, 100 µg/L) for 96 h on the accumulation, growth, photosynthetic parameters, and oxidative stress in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The findings revealed that exposure to increasing concentrations of PS-NPs significantly reduced the growth inhibition ratio and chlorophyll-a content after 96 h. Both PAHs (100 µg/L) + PS-NPs (25 mg/L), significantly reduced the growth inhibition ratio and chlorophyll-a levels. Individual and combined exposures of PS-NPs and PAHs can prompt antioxidant responses like SOD, GPx, and GST, as well as an unaffected level of non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH and diminished CAT activity. Furthermore, both PAHs + PS-NPs triggered ROS levels, resulting in cell membrane damage. However, the reduced oxidative effect of LPO of combined exposures can be attributed to the activation of antioxidant defenses. In addition, the microscopic visualization data shows that PS-NPs adhered to the surface of microalgae. Also, PS-NPs reduced the adsorption of PAHs on the surface of C. reinhardtii. Altogether, this study implied that the influence of coexistent PS-NPs should be considered in the environmental risk assessment of PAHs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Narayanan
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Mohmmed Talib
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Gopala Krishna Darbha
- Environmental Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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