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McMillan HP, Lundy FT, Dunne OM, McLoughlin KJ, About I, Curtis TM, El Karim I. Immunological isolation and characterization of neuronal progenitors from human dental pulp: A laboratory-based investigation. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1136-1146. [PMID: 38713428 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) contain a population of stem cells with a broad range of differentiation potentials, as well as more lineage-committed progenitors. Such heterogeneity is a significant obstacle to experimental and clinical applications. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize a homogenous neuronal progenitor cell population from human DPSCs. METHODOLOGY Polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM+) neural progenitors were isolated from the dental pulp of three independent donors using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Immunofluorescent staining with a panel of neural and non-neural markers was used to characterize the magnetically isolated PSA-NCAM+ fraction. PSA-NCAM+ cells were then cultured in Neurobasal A supplemented with neurotrophic factors: dibutyryl cyclic-AMP, neurotrophin-3, B27 and N2 supplements to induce neuronal differentiation. Both PSA-NCAM+ and differentiated PSA-NCAM+ cells were used in Ca2+ imaging studies to assess the functionality of P2X3 receptors as well as membrane depolarization. RESULTS PSA-NCAM+ neural progenitors were isolated from a heterogeneous population of hDPSCs using magnetic-activated cell sorting and anti-PSA-NCAM MicroBeads. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that immunomagnetic sorting significantly increased the purity of PSA-NCAM+ cells. Immunofluorescent staining revealed expression of pan-neuronal and mature neuronal markers, PGP9.5 and MAP2, respectively, as well as weak expression of the mature sensory markers, peripherin and islet1. ATP-induced response was mediated predominately by P2X3 receptors in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells, with a greater magnitude observed in the latter. In addition, membrane depolarizations were also detected in cells before and after differentiation when loaded with fast-voltage-responding fluorescent molecule, FluoVolt™ in response to potassium chloride. Interestingly, only differentiated PSA-NCAM+ cells were capable of spontaneous membrane oscillations. CONCLUSIONS In summary, DPSCs contain a population of neuronal progenitors with enhanced neural differentiation and functional neural-like properties that can be effectively isolated with magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley P McMillan
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Fionnuala T Lundy
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Orla M Dunne
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kiran John McLoughlin
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Imad About
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Institute of Movement Sciences, Marseille, France
| | - T M Curtis
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ikhlas El Karim
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Zhou Y, Kang G, Wen Y, Briggs M, Sebastiano V, Pederson R, Chen B. Do Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Characteristics Correlate with Efficient In Vitro Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation? A Comparison of Three Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1438-1448. [PMID: 30153084 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to repair/regenerate smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in different organs. However, there are many challenges in their translation to clinical therapies. In this study, we describe our observations of in vitro SMC differentiation in three iPSC lines derived from human fibroblasts using retroviral, episomal, and mRNA/miRNA reprogramming methods. We sought to elucidate correlations between differentiation characteristics and efficiencies that can facilitate large-scale production of differentiated cells for clinical applications, and to report differences in pluripotency marker expression in differentiated cells from different iPSC lines. A standardized SMC differentiation protocol was used to induce the CD31+/CD34+ vascular progenitor cell phenotype. These were sorted by magnetic-activated (MACS) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and then treated with PDGF-BB and smooth muscle growth medium for further differentiation into smooth muscle progenitor cells (pSMCs). The expression of SMC and pluripotency markers in early- and late-passage (P1 and P4) pSMCs was analyzed. A total of 36 differentiation runs was performed on the three patient iPSC lines. All pSMC populations expressed SMC markers and Ki67 consistent with the progenitor phenotype. Initial iPSC density correlated positively with the sorted cell FACS efficiency, and this correlation could be fit to a quadratic equation. We also observed that a specific "honeycomb" pattern of the starting cultured iPSCs cultured correlated with higher efficiency in all three iPSC lines. Pluripotency marker expression decreased significantly to nearly undetectable levels in all three lines. There was no significant change in SMC and pluripotent marker expression between passage 1 and 4. In summary, our observations suggest that the method of iPSC reprogramming does not affect iPSC differentiation into pSMCs. Protocol efficiency can be modeled mathematically and coupled with the initial "honeycomb" cell pattern to optimize production of large cell numbers for clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- 1 Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gugene Kang
- 3 Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Yan Wen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Mason Briggs
- 1 Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- 3 Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Roger Pederson
- 1 Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Bertha Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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IAP-Based Cell Sorting Results in Homogeneous Transplantable Dopaminergic Precursor Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1207-1220. [PMID: 28943253 PMCID: PMC5639383 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons can relieve motor deficits in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical translation of differentiation protocols requires standardization of production procedures, and surface-marker-based cell sorting is considered instrumental for reproducible generation of defined cell products. Here, we demonstrate that integrin-associated protein (IAP) is a cell surface marker suitable for enrichment of hPSC-derived mesDA progenitor cells. Immunomagnetically sorted IAP+ mesDA progenitors showed increased expression of ventral midbrain floor plate markers, lacked expression of pluripotency markers, and differentiated into mature dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vitro. Intrastriatal transplantation of IAP+ cells sorted at day 16 of differentiation in a rat model of PD resulted in functional recovery. Grafts from sorted IAP+ mesDA progenitors were more homogeneous in size and DA neuron density. Thus, we suggest IAP-based sorting for reproducible prospective enrichment of mesDA progenitor cells in clinical cell replacement strategies. Flow cytometric antibody screening identified IAP as a marker for mesDA progenitors IAP+ cells displayed hallmark characteristics of ventral floor plate cells Immunomagnetic IAP sorting led to reproducible and homogeneous cell compositions IAP+ cells generated mature grafts leading to functional recovery in lesioned rats
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Ntai A, Baronchelli S, La Spada A, Moles A, Guffanti A, De Blasio P, Biunno I. A Review of Research-Grade Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Qualification and Biobanking Processes. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:384-392. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2016.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Ntai
- Integrated Systems Engineering S.r.l. (ISENET), Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Baronchelli
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Department of Biomedicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto La Spada
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Department of Biomedicine, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ida Biunno
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Department of Biomedicine, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Department of Stem Cell Research, Milan, Italy
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Li Y, Green M, Wen Y, Wei Y, Wani P, Wang Z, Reijo Pera R, Chen B. Efficacy and Safety of Immuno-Magnetically Sorted Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Restoring Urethral Sphincter Function. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1158-1167. [PMID: 28213970 PMCID: PMC5442833 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-based cell therapy holds promise for treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, safety concerns, especially tumorgenic potential of residual undifferentiated cells in hiPSC derivatives, are major barriers for its clinical translation. An efficient, fast and clinical-scale strategy for purifying committed cells is also required. Our previous studies demonstrated the regenerative effects of hiPSC-derived smooth muscle progenitor cells (pSMCs) on the injured urethral sphincter in SUI, but the differentiation protocol required fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) which is not practical for autologous clinical applications. In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety of hiPSC-derived pSMC populations sorted by FDA-approved magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) using cell-surface marker CD34 for restoring urethral sphincter function. Although the heterogeneity of MACS-sorted pSMCs was higher than that of FACS-sorted pSMCs, the percentage of undifferentiated cells dramatically decreased after directed differentiation in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated long-term cell integration and no tumor formation of MACS-sorted pSMCs after transplantation. Furthermore, transplantation of MACS-sorted pSMCs into immunodeficient SUI rats was comparable to transplantation with FACS-sorted pSMCs for restoration of the extracellular matrix metabolism and function of the urethral sphincter. In summary, purification of hiPSC derivatives using MACS sorting for CD34 expression represent an efficient approach for production of clinical-scale pSMCs for autologous stem cell therapy for regeneration of smooth muscle tissues. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1158-1167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyThe People's Republic of China
| | - Morgaine Green
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford UniversityCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Prachi Wani
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford UniversityCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyNanFang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongThe People's Republic of China
| | - Renee Reijo Pera
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Bertha Chen
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
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Butenschön J, Zimmermann T, Schmarowski N, Nitsch R, Fackelmeier B, Friedemann K, Radyushkin K, Baumgart J, Lutz B, Leschik J. PSA-NCAM positive neural progenitors stably expressing BDNF promote functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 26762640 PMCID: PMC4712602 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural stem cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) are of particular interest for future therapeutic use. However, until now, stem cell therapies are often limited due to the inhibitory environment following the injury. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at testing a combinatorial approach with BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) overexpressing early neural progenitors derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. BDNF is a neurotrophin, which both facilitates neural differentiation of stem cells and favors regeneration of damaged axons. Methods Mouse embryonic stem cells, modified to stably express BDNF-GFP, were differentiated into PSA-NCAM positive progenitors, which were enriched, and SSEA1 depleted by a sequential procedure of magnetic-activated and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Purified cells were injected into the lesion core seven days after contusion injury of the spinal cord in mice, and the Basso mouse scale (BMS) test to evaluate motor function was performed for 5 weeks after transplantation. To analyze axonal regeneration the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the sensorimotor cortex two weeks prior to tissue analysis. Cellular differentiation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry of spinal cord sections. Results Motor function was significantly improved in animals obtaining transplanted BDNF-GFP-overexpressing cells as compared to GFP-expressing cells and vehicle controls. Stem cell differentiation in vivo revealed an increase of neuronal and oligodendrocytic lineage differentiation by BDNF as evaluated by immunohistochemistry of the neuronal marker MAP2 (microtubule associated protein 2) and the oligodendrocytic markers ASPA (aspartoacylase) and Olig2 (oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2). Furthermore, axonal tracing showed a significant increase of biotin dextran amine positive corticospinal tract fibers in BDNF-GFP-cell transplanted animals caudally to the lesion site. Conclusions The combinatorial therapy approach by transplanting BDNF-overexpressing neural progenitors improved motor function in a mouse contusion model of SCI. Histologically, we observed enhanced neuronal and oligodendrocytic differentiation of progenitors as well as enhanced axonal regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0268-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Butenschön
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Tina Zimmermann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nikolai Schmarowski
- Institute of Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Robert Nitsch
- Institute of Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Barbara Fackelmeier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kevin Friedemann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany. .,Institute of Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,Mouse Behavior Outcome Unit, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Radyushkin
- Mouse Behavior Outcome Unit, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jan Baumgart
- Institute of Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,Translational Animal Research Center (TARC), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Julia Leschik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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7
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Wiencierz AM, Kernbach M, Ecklebe J, Monnerat G, Tomiuk S, Raulf A, Christalla P, Malan D, Hesse M, Bosio A, Fleischmann BK, Eckardt D. Differential Expression Levels of Integrin α6 Enable the Selective Identification and Isolation of Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143538. [PMID: 26618511 PMCID: PMC4664422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Central questions such as cardiomyocyte subtype emergence during cardiogenesis or the availability of cardiomyocyte subtypes for cell replacement therapy require selective identification and purification of atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. However, current methodologies do not allow for a transgene-free selective isolation of atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes due to the lack of subtype specific cell surface markers. Methods and Results In order to develop cell surface marker-based isolation procedures for cardiomyocyte subtypes, we performed an antibody-based screening on embryonic mouse hearts. Our data indicate that atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes are characterized by differential expression of integrin α6 (ITGA6) throughout development and in the adult heart. We discovered that the expression level of this surface marker correlates with the intracellular subtype-specific expression of MLC-2a and MLC-2v on the single cell level and thereby enables the discrimination of cardiomyocyte subtypes by flow cytometry. Based on the differential expression of ITGA6 in atria and ventricles during cardiogenesis, we developed purification protocols for atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes from mouse hearts. Atrial and ventricular identities of sorted cells were confirmed by expression profiling and patch clamp analysis. Conclusion Here, we introduce a non-genetic, antibody-based approach to specifically isolate highly pure and viable atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes from mouse hearts of various developmental stages. This will facilitate in-depth characterization of the individual cellular subsets and support translational research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gustavo Monnerat
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Raulf
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Bernd K. Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Lee DR, Yoo JE, Lee JS, Park S, Lee J, Park CY, Ji E, Kim HS, Hwang DY, Kim DS, Kim DW. PSA-NCAM-negative neural crest cells emerging during neural induction of pluripotent stem cells cause mesodermal tumors and unwanted grafts. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:821-34. [PMID: 25937368 PMCID: PMC4437469 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenic potential of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is an important issue in clinical applications. Despite many efforts, PSC-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) have repeatedly induced tumors in animal models even though pluripotent cells were not detected. We found that polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM)− cells among the early NPCs caused tumors, whereas PSA-NCAM+ cells were nontumorigenic. Molecular profiling, global gene analysis, and multilineage differentiation of PSA-NCAM− cells confirm that they are multipotent neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) that could differentiate into both ectodermal and mesodermal lineages. Transplantation of PSA-NCAM− cells in a gradient manner mixed with PSA-NCAM+ cells proportionally increased mesodermal tumor formation and unwanted grafts such as PERIPHERIN+ cells or pigmented cells in the rat brain. Therefore, we suggest that NCSCs are a critical target for tumor prevention in hPSC-derived NPCs, and removal of PSA-NCAM− cells eliminates the tumorigenic potential originating from NCSCs after transplantation. PSA-NCAM− cells isolated from neural rosettes are classified as multipotent NCSCs NCSCs are a potential target for tumor prevention in hPSC-derived-NPC-based therapy Removal of PSA-NCAM− cells prevents the introduction of mesodermal tumor in the CNS Removal of PSA-NCAM− cells prevents the introduction of unwanted grafts in the CNS
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin R Lee
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yoo
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jae Souk Lee
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Junwon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Chul-Yong Park
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Eunhyun Ji
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-840, Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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Rodrigues GMC, Rodrigues CAV, Fernandes TG, Diogo MM, Cabral JMS. Clinical-scale purification of pluripotent stem cell derivatives for cell-based therapies. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1103-14. [PMID: 25851544 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to revolutionize cell-replacement therapies because of their ability to self renew and differentiate into nearly every cell type in the body. However, safety concerns have delayed the clinical translation of this technology. One cause for this is the capacity that hPSCs have to generate tumors after transplantation. Because of the challenges associated with achieving complete differentiation into clinically relevant cell types, the development of safe and efficient strategies for purifying committed cells is essential for advancing hPSC-based therapies. Several purification strategies have now succeeded in generating non-tumorigenic and homogeneous cell-populations. These techniques typically enrich for cells by either depleting early committed populations from teratoma-initiating hPSCs or by positively selecting cells after differentiation. Here we review the working principles behind separation methods that have facilitated the safe and controlled application of hPSC-derived cells in laboratory settings and pre-clinical research. We underscore the need for improving and integrating purification strategies within differentiation protocols in order to unlock the therapeutic potential of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo M C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Integrated platform for production and purification of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:151-61. [PMID: 24221956 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of cells for clinical applications, such as transplantation of clinically engineered tissues and organs, and drug discovery programs due to their ability to self-renew and to be differentiated into cells from the three embryonic germ layers. In this study, the differentiation of two hPSC-lines into neural precursors (NPs) was accomplished with more than 80% efficiency, by means of the dual-SMAD inhibition protocol, based on the use of two small molecules (SB431542 and LDN193189) to generate Pax6 and Nestin-positive neural entities. One of the major hurdles related to the in vitro generation of PSC-derived populations is the tumorigenic potential of cells that remain undifferentiated. These remaining hPSCs have the potential to generate teratomas after being transplanted, and may interfere with the outcome of in vitro differentiation protocols. One strategy to tackle this problem is to deplete these "contaminating" cells during the differentiation process. Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) was used for the first time for purification of hPSC-derived NPs after the neural commitment stage using anti-Tra-1-60 micro beads for negative selection of the unwanted hPSCs. The depletion had an average efficiency of 80.4 ± 5% and less than 1.5% of Tra-1-60 positive cells were present in the purified populations. After re-plating, the purified neural precursors maintained their phenotype, and the success of the preparative purification with MACS was further confirmed with a decrease of 94.3% in the number of Oct4-positive proliferating hPSC colonies. Thus, the integration of the MACS depletion step with the neural commitment protocol paves the way towards the establishment of a novel bioprocess for production of purified populations of hPSC-derived neural cells for different applications.
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11
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Warlich E, Schambach A, Lock D, Wedekind D, Glage S, Eckardt D, Bosio A, Knöbel S. FAS-based cell depletion facilitates the selective isolation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102171. [PMID: 25029550 PMCID: PMC4100888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) opens up new avenues for basic research and regenerative medicine. However, the low efficiency of the procedure remains a major limitation. To identify iPSC, many studies to date relied on the activation of pluripotency-associated transcription factors. Such strategies are either retrospective or depend on genetically modified reporter cells. We aimed at identifying naturally occurring surface proteins in a systematic approach, focusing on antibody-targeted markers to enable live-cell identification and selective isolation. We tested 170 antibodies for differential expression between mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSC). Differentially expressed markers were evaluated for their ability to identify and isolate iPSC in reprogramming cultures. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) and stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA1) were upregulated early during reprogramming and enabled enrichment of OCT4 expressing cells by magnetic cell sorting. Downregulation of somatic marker FAS was equally suitable to enrich OCT4 expressing cells, which has not been described so far. Furthermore, FAS downregulation correlated with viral transgene silencing. Finally, using the marker SSEA-1 we exemplified that magnetic separation enables the establishment of bona fide iPSC and propose strategies to enrich iPSC from a variety of human source tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Warlich
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dominik Lock
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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