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Sarker DB, Xue Y, Mahmud F, Jocelyn JA, Sang QXA. Interconversion of Cancer Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:125. [PMID: 38247819 PMCID: PMC10814385 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, especially cancer stem cells (CSCs), share many molecular features with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that enable the derivation of induced pluripotent cancer cells by reprogramming malignant cells. Conversely, normal iPSCs can be converted into cancer stem-like cells with the help of tumor microenvironment components and genetic manipulation. These CSC models can be utilized in oncogenic initiation and progression studies, understanding drug resistance, and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the role of pluripotency factors in the stemness, tumorigenicity, and therapeutic resistance of cancer cells. Different methods to obtain iPSC-derived CSC models are described with an emphasis on exposure-based approaches. Culture in cancer cell-conditioned media or cocultures with cancer cells can convert normal iPSCs into cancer stem-like cells, aiding the examination of processes of oncogenesis. We further explored the potential of reprogramming cancer cells into cancer-iPSCs for mechanistic studies and cancer dependencies. The contributions of genetic, epigenetic, and tumor microenvironment factors can be evaluated using these models. Overall, integrating iPSC technology into cancer stem cell research holds significant promise for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology and accelerating the development of innovative and tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty B. Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Faiza Mahmud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Jonathan A. Jocelyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
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2
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Castro-Pérez E, Singh M, Sadangi S, Mela-Sánchez C, Setaluri V. Connecting the dots: Melanoma cell of origin, tumor cell plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:330-347. [PMID: 37132530 PMCID: PMC10524512 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a lethal malignancy that arises from melanocytes, exhibits a multiplicity of clinico-pathologically distinct subtypes in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed areas. Melanocytes are derived from multipotent neural crest cells and are present in diverse anatomical locations, including skin, eyes, and various mucosal membranes. Tissue-resident melanocyte stem cells and melanocyte precursors contribute to melanocyte renewal. Elegant studies using mouse genetic models have shown that melanoma can arise from either melanocyte stem cells or differentiated pigment-producing melanocytes depending on a combination of tissue and anatomical site of origin and activation of oncogenic mutations (or overexpression) and/or the repression in expression or inactivating mutations in tumor suppressors. This variation raises the possibility that different subtypes of human melanomas (even subsets within each subtype) may also be a manifestation of malignancies of distinct cells of origin. Melanoma is known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity and trans-differentiation (defined as a tendency to differentiate into cell lineages other than the original lineage from which the tumor arose) along vascular and neural lineages. Additionally, stem cell-like properties such as pseudo-epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT-like) transition and expression of stem cell-related genes have also been associated with the development of melanoma drug resistance. Recent studies that employed reprogramming melanoma cells to induced pluripotent stem cells have uncovered potential relationships between melanoma plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance and implications for cell or origin of human cutaneous melanoma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on melanoma cell of origin and the relationship between tumor cell plasticity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Mithalesh Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Shreyans Sadangi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Carmen Mela-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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3
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Fu X, Zhuang Q, Babarinde IA, Shi L, Ma G, Hu H, Li Y, Chen J, Xiao Z, Deng B, Sun L, Jauch R, Hutchins AP. Restricting epigenetic activity promotes the reprogramming of transformed cells to pluripotency in a line-specific manner. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:245. [PMID: 37452056 PMCID: PMC10349098 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming and oncogenic transformation share surprisingly similar features, yet transformed cells are resistant to reprogramming. Epigenetic barriers must block transformed cells from reprogramming, but the nature of those barriers is unclear. In this study, we generated a systematic panel of transformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) using oncogenic transgenes and discovered transformed cell lines compatible with reprogramming when transfected with Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/Myc. By comparing the reprogramming-capable and incapable transformed lines we identified multiple stages of failure in the reprogramming process. Some transformed lines failed at an early stage, whilst other lines seemed to progress through a conventional reprogramming process. Finally, we show that MEK inhibition overcomes one critical reprogramming barrier by indirectly suppressing a hyperacetylated active epigenetic state. This study reveals that diverse epigenetic barriers underly resistance to reprogramming of transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Fu
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiang Zhuang
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Isaac A Babarinde
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liyang Shi
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haoqing Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boping Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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4
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Jung HS, Suknuntha K, Kim YH, Liu P, Dettle ST, Sedzro DM, Smith PR, Thomson JA, Ong IM, Slukvin II. SOX18-enforced expression diverts hemogenic endothelium-derived progenitors from T towards NK lymphoid pathways. iScience 2023; 26:106621. [PMID: 37250328 PMCID: PMC10214392 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelium (HE) is the main source of blood cells in the embryo. To improve blood manufacturing from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), it is essential to define the molecular determinants that enhance HE specification and promote development of the desired blood lineage from HE. Here, using SOX18-inducible hPSCs, we revealed that SOX18 forced expression at the mesodermal stage, in contrast to its homolog SOX17, has minimal effects on arterial specification of HE, expression of HOXA genes and lymphoid differentiation. However, forced expression of SOX18 in HE during endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) greatly increases NK versus T cell lineage commitment of hematopoietic progenitors (HPs) arising from HE predominantly expanding CD34+CD43+CD235a/CD41a-CD45- multipotent HPs and altering the expression of genes related to T cell and Toll-like receptor signaling. These studies improve our understanding of lymphoid cell specification during EHT and provide a new tool for enhancing NK cell production from hPSCs for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Sun Jung
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Kran Suknuntha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel T. Dettle
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Divine Mensah Sedzro
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Portia R. Smith
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A. Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Irene M. Ong
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Igor I. Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
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5
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Tool for Modeling Hematologic Disorders and as a Potential Source for Cell-Based Therapies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113250. [PMID: 34831472 PMCID: PMC8623953 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has revolutionized the field of biomedical and pharmaceutical research and opened up vast opportunities for drug discovery and regenerative medicine, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. Numerous healthy and patient-derived hiPSCs for human disease modeling have been established, enabling mechanistic studies of pathogenesis, platforms for preclinical drug screening, and the development of novel therapeutic targets/approaches. Additionally, hiPSCs hold great promise for cell-based therapy, serving as an attractive cell source for generating stem/progenitor cells or functional differentiated cells for degenerative diseases, due to their unlimited proliferative capacity, pluripotency, and ethical acceptability. In this review, we provide an overview of hiPSCs and their utility in the study of hematologic disorders through hematopoietic differentiation. We highlight recent hereditary and acquired genetic hematologic disease modeling with patient-specific iPSCs, and discuss their applications as instrumental drug screening tools. The clinical applications of hiPSCs in cell-based therapy, including the next-generation cancer immunotherapy, are provided. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges that need to be addressed to fulfill the validity of hiPSC-based disease modeling and future perspectives of hiPSCs in the field of hematology.
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6
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Pungolino E, D'adda M, De Canal G, Trojani A, Perego A, Elena C, Lunghi F, Turrini M, Borin L, Iurlo A, Latargia ML, Carraro MC, Spina F, Artale S, Anghilieri M, Molteni A, Caramella M, Baruzzo G, Nichelatti M, Di Camillo B, Cairoli R. Nilotinib-induced bone marrow CD34+/lin-Ph+ cells early clearance in newly diagnosed CP-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Final report of the PhilosoPhi34 study. Eur J Haematol 2021; 107:436-448. [PMID: 34139044 PMCID: PMC9292618 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is a clonal disorder characterized by the presence of the Ph‐chromosome and the BCR‐ABL tyrosine‐kinase (TK). Target‐therapy with Imatinib has greatly improved its outcome. Deeper and faster responses are reported with the second‐generation TKI Nilotinib. Sustained responses may enable TKI discontinuation. However, even in a complete molecular response, some patients experience disease recurrence possibly due to persistence of quiescent leukemic CD34+/lin−Ph+ stem cells (LSCs). Degree and mechanisms of LSCs clearance during TKI treatment are not clearly established. The PhilosoPhi34 study was designed to verify the in‐vivo activity and timecourse of first‐line Nilotinib therapy on BM CD34+/lin−Ph+ cells clearance. Eighty‐seven CP‐CML patients were enrolled. BM cells were collected and tested for Ph+ residual cells, at diagnosis, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. FISH analysis of unstimulated CD34+/lin− cells in CCyR patients were positive in 8/65 (12.3%), 5/71 (7%), 0/69 (0%) evaluable tests, respectively. Per‐Protocol analysis response rates were as follows: CCyR 95% at 12 months, MR4.5 31% and 46% at 12 and 36 months, respectively. An exploratory Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) study of CD34+/lin− cells was performed on 30 patients at diagnosis and after, on 79 patients at diagnosis vs 12 months of nilotinib treatment vs 10 healthy subjects. Data demonstrated some genes significantly different expressed: NFKBIA, many cell cycle genes, ABC transporters, JAK‐STAT signaling pathway (JAK2). In addition, a correlation between different expression of some genes (JAK2, OLFM4, ICAM1, NFKBIA) among patients at diagnosis and their achievement of an early and deeper MR was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Pungolino
- Division of Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariella D'adda
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Canal
- Pathology Department, Cytogenetics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Trojani
- Division of Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Elena
- Hematology Hunit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Lunghi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Turrini
- Division of Hematology, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Spina
- Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Artale
- Division of Oncology, Ospedale di Gallarate, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy
| | | | | | - Marianna Caramella
- Division of Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baruzzo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Nichelatti
- Clinical Research Coordination Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Cairoli
- Division of Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
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7
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Suknuntha K, Choi YJ, Jung HS, Majumder A, Shah S, Slukvin I, Ranheim EA. Megakaryocytic Expansion in Gilteritinib-Treated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Is Associated With AXL Inhibition. Front Oncol 2020; 10:585151. [PMID: 33363015 PMCID: PMC7756118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.585151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous recurrent genetic mutations are known to occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Among these common mutations, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 remains as one of the most frequently mutated genes in AML. We observed apparent marrow expansion of megakaryocytes in three out of six patients with Flt3-mutated AML following treatment with a recently FDA-approved Flt3 inhibitor, gilteritinib which possesses activity against internal tandem duplication and tyrosine kinase domain Flt3 mutations and also inhibits tyrosine kinase AXL. To assess whether biopsy findings can be attributed to promotion of megakaryocytic (Mk) differentiation with gilteritinib, we devised a cellular assay by overexpressing double mutated Flt3-ITDY591F/Y919F in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 to study Mk differentiation in the presence of Flt3 and AXL inhibitors with non-mutually exclusive mechanisms. These experiments demonstrated the lack of direct effect Flt3 inhibitors gilteritinib and quizartinib on megakaryocytic differentiation at either transcriptional or phenotypic levels, and highlighted antileukemic effects of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor and its potential role in megakaryocytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kran Suknuntha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ho Sun Jung
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aditi Majumder
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sujal Shah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Igor Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Erik A Ranheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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8
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Kim J. Cellular reprogramming to model and study epigenetic alterations in cancer. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102062. [PMID: 33202305 PMCID: PMC7768185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming to model human cancer. Cellular reprogramming to rewire epigenetic alterations in human cancer. Selective reactivation of malignancy in the cell lineage cancer is originated. Cellular reprogramming to recapitulate human cancer progression.
Although genetic mutations are required for cancer development, reversible non-genetic alterations also play a pivotal role in cancer progression. Failure of well-orchestrated gene regulation by chromatin states and master transcription factors can be one such non-genetic etiology for cancer development. Master transcription factor-mediated cellular reprogramming of human cancer cells allows us to model cancer progression. Here I cover the history and recent advances in reprogramming cancer cells, followed by lessons from cellular reprogramming of normal cells that may apply to cancer. Lastly, I share my perspective on cellular reprogramming for studying epigenetic alterations that have occurred in tumorigenesis, discuss the current limitations, and propose ways to overcome the obstacles in the reprogramming of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute (Cancer Biology Research Program), Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, KCRB 5001.51, 2720 SW Moody Ave., Portland, OR 97201, United States.
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9
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Modeling cancer progression using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cells and organoids. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102063. [PMID: 33137568 PMCID: PMC7849931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer cell lines and animal models have been mainstays of cancer research. More recently, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and hPSC-derived organoid technologies, together with genome engineering approaches, have provided a complementary platform to model cancer progression. Here, we review the application of these technologies in cancer modeling with respect to the cell-of-origin, cancer propagation, and metastasis. We further discuss the benefits and challenges accompanying the use of hPSC models for cancer research and discuss their broad applicability in drug discovery, biomarker identification, decoding molecular mechanisms, and the deconstruction of clonal and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. In summary, hPSC-derived organoids provide powerful models to recapitulate the pathogenic states in cancer and to perform drug discovery.
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10
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Modeling Leukemia with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a034868. [PMID: 31451537 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) a little over a decade ago raised exciting prospects to transform the study and potentially also the therapy of human diseases. iPSC models have now been created for a multitude of hematologic diseases, including malignancies. Here we discuss practical aspects of iPSC modeling of malignant diseases, review recent studies, and discuss the new opportunities that iPSC models offer, as well as their current limitations and prospects for future development.
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11
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Castro-Pérez E, Rodríguez CI, Mikheil D, Siddique S, McCarthy A, Newton MA, Setaluri V. Melanoma Progression Inhibits Pluripotency and Differentiation of Melanoma-Derived iPSCs Produces Cells with Neural-like Mixed Dysplastic Phenotype. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:177-192. [PMID: 31231022 PMCID: PMC6627006 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas are known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity. However, the role cellular plasticity plays in melanoma tumor progression and drug resistance is not fully understood. Here, we used reprogramming of melanocytes and melanoma cells to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) to investigate the relationship between cellular plasticity and melanoma progression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor resistance. We found that melanocyte reprogramming is prevented by the expression of oncogenic BRAF, and in melanoma cells harboring oncogenic BRAF and sensitive to MAPK inhibitors, reprogramming can be restored by inhibition of the activated oncogenic pathway. Our data also suggest that melanoma tumor progression acts as a barrier to reprogramming. Under conditions that promote melanocytic differentiation of fibroblast- and melanocyte-derived iPSCs, melanoma-derived iPSCs exhibited neural cell-like dysplasia and increased MAPK inhibitor resistance. These data suggest that iPSC-like reprogramming and drug resistance of differentiated cells can serve as a model to understand melanoma cell plasticity-dependent mechanisms in recurrence of aggressive drug-resistant melanoma. Metastatic melanoma exhibits less plasticity to reprogramming than primary melanoma Oncogenic BRAFV600E and resistance to MAPKi inhibit reprogramming of melanoma Differentiation of melanoma-iPSCs produces cells with mixed dysplastic phenotype Melanoma-iPSC-differentiated cells exhibit acquired resistance to MAPKi
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Carlos I Rodríguez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dareen Mikheil
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shakir Siddique
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexandra McCarthy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael A Newton
- Department of Statistics, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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12
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Georgomanoli M, Papapetrou EP. Modeling blood diseases with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/6/dmm039321. [PMID: 31171568 PMCID: PMC6602313 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells through a reprogramming process, which converts them to a pluripotent state, akin to that of embryonic stem cells. Over the past decade, iPSC models have found increasing applications in the study of human diseases, with blood disorders featuring prominently. Here, we discuss methodological aspects pertaining to iPSC generation, hematopoietic differentiation and gene editing, and provide an overview of uses of iPSCs in modeling the cell and gene therapy of inherited genetic blood disorders, as well as their more recent use as models of myeloid malignancies. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of iPSCs compared to model organisms and other cellular systems commonly used in hematology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgomanoli
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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13
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Turhan A, Foudi A, Hwang JW, Desterke C, Griscelli F, Bennaceur-Griscelli A. Modeling malignancies using induced pluripotent stem cells: from chronic myeloid leukemia to hereditary cancers. Exp Hematol 2019; 71:61-67. [PMID: 30659851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the possibility of reprogramming malignant cells to a pluripotent state has been achieved in several hematological malignancies, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It has been shown that it is readily possible to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from several types of primary CML cells and to generate progenitors and differentiated cells with variable efficiency. Although these experiments have brought some new insights in the understanding of CML pathophysiology, the ultimate goal of generating induced leukemic stem cells (LSCs) with long-term multilineage potential has not yet been demonstrated. Experiments under way will determine whether additional signaling events are required to induce the emergence of bona fide LSCs. However, iPSC modeling offers the unique possibility to generate pluripotent cells harboring cancer-predisposing mutations using patient-derived noncancerous cells, as has been shown in Li-Fraumeni syndrome, BRCA-1 associated breast carcinomas, or RET-mutated medullary thyroid carcinomas. In these conditions, mutated iPSCs can then be used to study the mutational history that precedes the appearance of the malignant transformation and to develop novel drug-screening strategies. The ability to induce a successful differentiation program toward the tissue in which a given cancer develops or to generate tissue-specific cancer organoids in which the full oncogenic potential can be revealed remains a major challenge in the field. Similarly, in hematological malignancies, a significant hurdle remains due to the lack of adequate technology to induce the emergence of leukemic cells that resemble LSCs, which hinders our ability to study the mechanisms of therapy resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Disease Susceptibility
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/etiology
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/metabolism
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Turhan
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France.
| | - Adlen Foudi
- ATIP-Avenir INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Jin Wook Hwang
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure, Villejuif, France
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14
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Papapetrou EP. Modeling myeloid malignancies with patient-derived iPSCs. Exp Hematol 2018; 71:77-84. [PMID: 30481543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modeling human diseases with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers unique research opportunities and is particularly attractive for hematology research. Whereas monogenic inherited blood diseases featured prominently among the first proof-of-principle studies of iPSC modeling, malignant hematologic disorders have been off to a slower start. This has been due to challenges in the derivation of iPSCs from cancer cells and the need to establish robust differentiation protocols and to standardize phenotypic assays of iPSC-derived hematopoiesis. Recent studies of iPSC modeling of myeloid malignancies exploited the clonal heterogeneity of patient samples to derive genetically matched normal controls and recapitulate the clonal evolution of the disease. Comparisons of the malignant phenotypes and molecular signatures of primary leukemic cells, derived iPSCs, and their hematopoietic progeny stress the importance of the cell-of-origin in oncogenesis and enable investigation of the interplay between cell identity and the cancer genome. Larger collections of genetically diverse iPSC lines and more readily scalable hematopoietic differentiation protocols, ideally mimicking adult bone marrow-derived hematopoiesis, would further empower applications of iPSC modeling in myeloid malignancy in the future. Nevertheless, with recent progress in this field, the stage is set for the wider adoption of this model system by the hematology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Yılmazer Aktuna A. Tendency of K562 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Towards Cell Reprogramming. Turk J Haematol 2018; 35:260-264. [PMID: 29781803 PMCID: PMC6256820 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2018.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer cell reprogramming is a potential tool to study cancer progression, disease pathology, and drug sensitivity. Prior to performing cancer reprogramming studies, it is important to evaluate the stemness predisposition of cells that will be reprogrammed. We performed a proof-of-concept study with chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells in order to evaluate their tendency for cancer cell reprogramming. Materials and Methods Expression of reprogramming factors, pluripotency markers, and tumor-suppressor genes was analyzed at gene and protein levels via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used as a positive control. Results K562 cells were shown to express higher levels of most of the reprogramming factors and pluripotency markers. Expression of p53, which is one of the main regulators during the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, was found to be lower in K562 cells compared to PBMCs, whereas the other tumor-suppressor genes showed higher expression levels. Conclusion This study suggested that, similar to healthy human PBMCs, K526 cells could be used in cancer cell reprogramming studies. Generating induced pluripotent stem cells from leukemia cells could help scientists to establish chronic myeloid leukemia models in vitro for a better understanding of therapy resistance and development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Açelya Yılmazer Aktuna
- Ankara University Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Singh N, Tripathi AK, Sahu DK, Mishra A, Linan M, Argente B, Varkey J, Parida N, Chowdhry R, Shyam H, Alam N, Dixit S, Shankar P, Mishra A, Agarwal A, Yoo C, Bhatt MLB, Kant R. Differential genomics and transcriptomics between tyrosine kinase inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant BCR-ABL-dependent chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30385-30418. [PMID: 30100996 PMCID: PMC6084383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, it has been stated that the BCR-ABL fusion-protein is sufficient to induce Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), but additional genomic-changes are required for disease progression. Hence, we profiled control and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) alone or in combination with other drug-treated CML-samples in different phases, categorized as drug-sensitive and drug-resistant on the basis of BCR-ABL transcripts, the marker of major molecular-response. Molecular-profiling was done using the molecular-inversion probe-based-array, Human Transcriptomics-Array2.0, and Axiom-Biobank genotyping-arrays. At the transcript-level, clusters of control, TKI-resistant and TKI-sensitive cases were correlated with BCR-ABL transcript-levels. Both at the gene- and exon-levels, up-regulation of MPO, TPX2, and TYMS and down-regulation of STAT6, FOS, TGFBR2, and ITK lead up-regulation of the cell-cycle, DNA-replication, DNA-repair pathways and down-regulation of the immune-system, chemokine- and interleukin-signaling, TCR, TGF beta and MAPK signaling pathways. A comparison between TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant cases revealed up-regulation of LAPTM4B, HLTF, PIEZO2, CFH, CD109, ANGPT1 in CML-resistant cases, leading to up-regulation of autophagy-, protein-ubiquitination-, stem-cell-, complement-, TGFβ- and homeostasis-pathways with specific involvement of the Tie2 and Basigin signaling-pathway. Dysregulated pathways were accompanied with low CNVs in CP-new and CP-UT-TKI-sensitive-cases with undetectable BCR-ABL-copies. High CNVs (previously reported gain of 9q34) were observed in BCR-ABL-independent and -dependent TKI, non-sensitive-CP-UT/AP-UT/B-UT and B-new samples. Further, genotyping CML-CP-UT cases with BCR-ABL 0-to-77.02%-copies, the identified, rsID239798 and rsID9475077, were associated with FAM83B, a candidate for therapeutic resistance. The presence of BCR-ABL, additional genetic-events, dysregulated-signaling-pathways and rsIDs associated with FAM83B in TKI-resistant-cases can be used to develop a signature-profile that may help in monitoring therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sahu
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Archana Mishra
- Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | - Niranjan Parida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rebecca Chowdhry
- Department of Periodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Hari Shyam
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shivani Dixit
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pratap Shankar
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Avinash Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Chris Yoo
- Systems Imagination, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ravi Kant
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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17
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Miyauchi M, Koya J, Arai S, Yamazaki S, Honda A, Kataoka K, Yoshimi A, Taoka K, Kumano K, Kurokawa M. ADAM8 Is an Antigen of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Identified by Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1115-1130. [PMID: 29429960 PMCID: PMC5919294 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of cancer stem cells involved in drug resistance and relapse have significant effects on clinical outcome. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), TKIs have not fully cured CML due to TKI-resistant CML stem cells. Moreover, relapse after discontinuation of TKIs has not been predicted in CML patients with the best TKI response. In our study, a model of CML stem cells derived from CML induced pluripotent stem cells identified ADAM8 as an antigen of TKI-resistant CML cells. The inhibition of expression or metalloproteinase activity of ADAM8 restored TKI sensitivity in primary samples. In addition, residual CML cells in patients with optimal TKI response were concentrated in the ADAM8+ population. Our study demonstrates that ADAM8 is a marker of residual CML cells even in patients with optimal TKI response and would be a predictor of relapse and a therapeutic target of TKI-resistant CML cells. We established a model of CML stem cells derived from CML-iPSCs ADAM8 is identified as an antigen of TKI-resistant CML cells The inhibition of ADAM8 restored TKI sensitivity in primary samples ADAM8 is a marker of residual CML cells in patients with optimal TKI response
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Miyauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Junji Koya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shunya Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sho Yamazaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuki Taoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keiki Kumano
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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18
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Cancer Cells in Cancer Disease Modeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:169-183. [PMID: 30069853 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In 2006, Noble Prize laureate Shinya Yamanaka discovered that a set of transcription factors can reprogram terminally differentiated somatic cells to a pluripotent stem cell state. Since then, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have come into the public spotlight. Amidst a growing field of promising clinical uses of iPSCs in recent years, cancer disease modeling has emerged as a particularly promising and rapidly translatable application of iPSCs. Technological advances in genome editing over the past few years have facilitated increasingly rapid progress in generation of iPSCs with clearly defined genetic backgrounds to complement existing patient-derived models. Improved protocols for differentiation of iPSCs, engineered iPSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) now permit the study of disease biology in the majority of somatic cell types. Here, we highlight current efforts to create patient-derived iPSC disease models to study various cancer types. We review the advantages and current challenges of using iPSCs in cancer disease modeling.
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19
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Dong F, Zhang G, Zhang X, Liu X, Wang N, Sun C. Aberrantly expressed transcription factors C/EBP and SOX4 have positive effects in the development of chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7131-7137. [PMID: 28901467 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the expression and significance of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and SRY‑related high mobility group box containing transcription factor 4 (SOX4) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Bone marrow samples were collected from patients with CML, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from healthy controls. Protein and mRNA were extracted from the collected samples, and analyzed using western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses, respectively. Spearman's method was used to evaluate the correlation between the expression levels of these two genes, with P<0.05 considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. A total of 79 patients, including 57 patients with newly diagnosed CML and 22 patients treated with imatinib therapy, and 30 controls were enrolled. The expression of SOX4 was upregulated in the patients with CML, whereas the expression of C/EBPα was downregulated (P<0.05). However, no differences were observed among the chronic, accelerated and blastic CML phases, respectively (P>0.05). In addition, no associations were found between the changes in expression and age, gender, white blood cells or the expression of breakpoint cluster region/abelson in patients (P>0.05). However, the expression of SOX4 was negatively correlated with the expression of C/EBPα (P<0.01). Following imatinib treatment, the expression of SOX4 was downregulated in the progression‑free patients, but upregulated in the blastic phase patients, whereas the expression of C/EBPα showed the opposite trend. Therefore, C/EBPα and SOX4 were important and negatively associated with the process of CML, and the C/EBPα‑SOX4 axis may be a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dong
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Guili Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xuena Liu
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Department of Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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20
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Abstract
Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is an olfactomedin domain-containing glycoprotein. Multiple signaling pathways and factors, including NF-κB, Wnt, Notch, PU.1, retinoic acids, estrogen receptor, and miR-486, regulate its expression. OLFM4 interacts with several other proteins, such as gene associated with retinoic-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19), cadherins, lectins, nucleotide oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1) and nucleotide oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2), and cathepsins C and D, known to regulate important cellular functions. Recent investigations using Olfm4-deficient mouse models have provided important clues about its in vivo biological functions. Olfm4 inhibited Helicobacter pylori-induced NF-κB pathway activity and inflammation and facilitated H. pylori colonization in the mouse stomach. Olfm4-deficient mice exhibited enhanced immunity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Olfm4 deletion in a chronic granulomatous disease mouse model rescued them from S. aureus infection. Olfm4 deletion in mice treated with azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate led to robust intestinal inflammation and intestinal crypt hyperplasia. Olfm4 deletion in Apc (Min/+) mice promoted intestinal polyp formation as well as adenocarcinoma development in the distal colon. Further, Olfm4-deficient mice spontaneously developed prostatic epithelial lesions as they age. OLFM4 expression is correlated with cancer differentiation, stage, metastasis, and prognosis in a variety of cancers, suggesting its potential clinical value as an early-stage cancer marker or a therapeutic target. Collectively, these data suggest that OLFM4 plays important roles in innate immunity against bacterial infection, gastrointestinal inflammation, and cancer. In this review, we have summarized OLFM4's initial characterization, expression, regulation, protein interactions, and biological functions.
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21
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Paes BCMF, Moço PD, Pereira CG, Porto GS, de Sousa Russo EM, Reis LCJ, Covas DT, Picanço-Castro V. Ten years of iPSC: clinical potential and advances in vitro hematopoietic differentiation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:233-250. [PMID: 28039590 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ten years have passed since the first publication announcing the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Issues related to ethics, immune rejection, and cell availability seemed to be solved following this breakthrough. The development of iPSC technology allows advances in in vitro cell differentiation for cell therapy purpose and other clinical applications. This review provides a perspective on the iPSC potential for cell therapies, particularly for hematological applications. We discuss the advances in in vitro hematopoietic differentiation, the possibilities to employ iPSC in hematology studies, and their potential clinical application in hematologic diseases. The generation of red blood cells and functional T cells and the genome editing technology applied to mutation correction are also covered. We highlight some of the requirements and obstacles to be overcome before translating these cells from research to the clinic, for instance, iPSC variability, genotoxicity, the differentiation process, and engraftment. Also, we evaluate the patent landscape and compile the clinical trials in the field of pluripotent stem cells. Currently, we know much more about iPSC than in 2006, but there are still challenges that must be solved. A greater understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of hematopoietic stem cells is necessary to produce suitable and transplantable hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from iPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cristina Martins Fernandes Paes
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Pablo Diego Moço
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Gonçalves Pereira
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geciane Silveira Porto
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Maria de Sousa Russo
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza Cunha Junqueira Reis
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Virginia Picanço-Castro
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil.
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22
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Suknuntha K, Thita T, Togarrati PP, Ratanachamnong P, Wongtrakoongate P, Srihirun S, Slukvin I, Hongeng S. Wnt signaling inhibitor FH535 selectively inhibits cell proliferation and potentiates imatinib-induced apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:196-205. [PMID: 27766528 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathway plays a major role in leukemogenesis of myeloid leukemia. Aberrancy in its regulation results in hyperactivity of the pathway contributing to leukemia propagation and maintenance. To investigate effects of Wnt pathway inhibition in leukemia, we used human leukemia cell lines (i.e., K562, HL60, THP1, and Jurkat) and several Wnt inhibitors, including XAV939, IWP2 and FH535. Our results showed that leukemia cell lines (>95 % cells) had increased endogenous levels of β-catenin as compared to mononuclear cells from healthy donors (0 %). Among the tested inhibitors, FH535 demonstrated a markedly suppressive effect (IC50 = 358 nM) on mRNA levels of β-catenin target genes (LEF1, CCND1, and cMYC). In addition, FH535 significantly potentiated imatinib-induced apoptosis. Evaluation of erythrocyte and megakaryocyte lineage using flow cytometry demonstrated that the potentiation mechanism is independent of the developmental stage, and is more likely due to crosstalk between other pathways and β-catenin. FH535 also displayed antiproliferative properties in other cell lines used in this study. In summary, FH535 showed significantly high antiproliferative effects at submicromolar dosages, and additionally enhanced imatinib-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines. Our results highlight its potential antileukemic promise when used in conjunction with other conventional therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kran Suknuntha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Thanyatip Thita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Piyanee Ratanachamnong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Sirada Srihirun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Igor Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Slukvin II. Generating human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro -exploring endothelial to hematopoietic transition as a portal for stemness acquisition. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4126-4143. [PMID: 27391301 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Advances in cellular reprogramming technologies have created alternative platforms for the production of blood cells, either through inducing pluripotency in somatic cells or by way of direct conversion of nonhematopoietic cells into blood cells. However, de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with robust and sustained multilineage engraftment potential remains a significant challenge. Hemogenic endothelium (HE) has been recognized as a unique transitional stage of blood development from mesoderm at which HSCs arise in certain embryonic locations. The major aim of this review is to summarize historical perspectives and recent advances in the investigation of endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and HSC formation in the context of aiding in vitro approaches to instruct HSC fate from human pluripotent stem cells. In addition, direct conversion of somatic cells to blood and HSCs and progression of this conversion through HE stage are discussed. A thorough understanding of the intrinsic and microenvironmental regulators of EHT that lead to the acquisition of self-renewal potential by emerging blood cells is essential to advance the technologies for HSC production and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, Madison, WI, USA
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24
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Charaf L, Mahon FX, Lamrissi-Garcia I, Moranvillier I, Beliveau F, Cardinaud B, Dabernat S, de Verneuil H, Moreau-Gaudry F, Bedel A. Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on stemness in normal and chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia 2016; 31:65-74. [PMID: 27220663 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) efficiently cure chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), they can fail to eradicate CML stem cells (CML-SCs). The mechanisms responsible for CML-SC survival need to be understood for designing therapies. Several previous studies suggest that TKIs could modulate CML-SC quiescence. Unfortunately, CML-SCs are insufficiently available. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising alternative. In this work, we used iPSCs derived from CML patients (Ph+). Ph+ iPSC clones expressed lower levels of stemness markers than normal iPSCs. BCR-ABL1 was found to be involved in stemness regulation and ERK1/2 to have a key role in the signaling pathway. TKIs unexpectedly promoted stemness marker expression in Ph+ iPSC clones. Imatinib also retained quiescence and induced stemness gene expression in CML-SCs. Our results suggest that TKIs might have a role in residual disease and confirm the need for a targeted therapy different from TKIs that could overcome the stemness-promoting effect caused by TKIs. Interestingly, a similar pro-stemness effect was observed in normal iPSCs and hematopoietic SCs. These findings could help to explain CML resistance mechanisms and the teratogenic side-effects of TKIs in embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Charaf
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France
| | - F-X Mahon
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institut Bergonie, SIRIC BRIO, Bordeaux, France
| | - I Lamrissi-Garcia
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France
| | - I Moranvillier
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Beliveau
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France
| | - B Cardinaud
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - S Dabernat
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - H de Verneuil
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Moreau-Gaudry
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Bedel
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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