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Hieronymus TL, Waugh DA, Ball HC, Vinyard CJ, Galazyuk A, Cooper LN. Comparing age- and bone-related differences in collagen fiber orientation: A case study of bats and laboratory mice using quantitative polarized light microscopy. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2084-2102. [PMID: 38095113 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
As bones age in most mammals, they typically become more fragile. This state of bone fragility is often associated with more homogenous collagen fiber orientations (CFO). Unlike most mammals, bats maintain mechanically competent bone throughout their lifespans, but little is known of positional and age-related changes in CFO within wing bones. This study tests the hypothesis that age-related changes in CFO in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) differ from those of the standard mammalian model for skeletal aging, the C57BL/6 laboratory mouse. We used data from quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM) to compare CFO across the lifespan of long-lived big brown bats and age matched C57BL/6 mice. Eptesicus and C57BL/6 mice displayed idiosyncratic patterns of CFO. Consistent age-related changes were only apparent in the outer cortical bone of Eptesicus, where bone tissue is more longitudinally arranged and more anisotropic in older individuals. Both taxa displayed a ring of more transversely oriented bone tissue surrounding the medullary cavity. In Eptesicus, this tissue represents a greater proportion of the overall cross-section, and is more clearly helically aligned (arranged at 45° to the bone long axis) than similar bone tissue in mice. Bat wing bones displayed a proximodistal gradient in CFO anisotropy and longitudinal orientation in both outer and inner cortical bone compartments. This study lays a methodological foundation for the quantitative evaluation of bone tissue architecture in volant and non-volant mammals that may be expanded in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobin Lee Hieronymus
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Focus Area, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - David A Waugh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Focus Area, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Hope C Ball
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Focus Area, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Alex Galazyuk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Noelle Cooper
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Focus Area, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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2
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Rossoni DM, Patterson BD, Marroig G, Cheverud JM, Houle D. The Role of (Co)variation in Shaping the Response to Selection in New World Leaf-Nosed Bats. Am Nat 2024; 203:E107-E127. [PMID: 38489775 DOI: 10.1086/729219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractUnderstanding and predicting the evolutionary responses of complex morphological traits to selection remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Because traits are genetically correlated, selection on a particular trait produces both direct effects on the distribution of that trait and indirect effects on other traits in the population. The correlations between traits can strongly impact evolutionary responses to selection and may thus impose constraints on adaptation. Here, we used museum specimens and comparative quantitative genetic approaches to investigate whether the covariation among cranial traits facilitated or constrained the response to selection during the major dietary transitions in one of the world's most ecologically diverse mammalian families-the phyllostomid bats. We reconstructed the set of net selection gradients that would have acted on each cranial trait during the major transitions to feeding specializations and decomposed the selection responses into their direct and indirect components. We found that for all transitions, most traits capturing craniofacial length evolved toward adaptive directions owing to direct selection. Additionally, we showed instances of dietary transitions in which the complex interaction between the patterns of covariation among traits and the strength and direction of selection either constrained or facilitated evolution. Our work highlights the importance of considering the within-species covariation estimates to quantify evolvability and to disentangle the relative contribution of variational constraints versus selective causes for observed patterns.
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Solorzano E, Alejo AL, Ball HC, Robinson GT, Solorzano AL, Safadi R, Douglas J, Kelly M, Safadi FF. The Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Secretome Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation. Cells 2023; 12:2482. [PMID: 37887326 PMCID: PMC10605748 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex lymphatic anomalies (CLAs) are a set of rare diseases with unique osteopathic profiles. Recent efforts have identified how lymphatic-specific somatic activating mutations can induce abnormal lymphatic formations that are capable of invading bone and inducing bone resorption. The abnormal bone resorption in CLA patients has been linked to overactive osteoclasts in areas with lymphatic invasions. Despite these findings, the mechanism associated with progressive bone loss in CLAs remains to be elucidated. In order to determine the role of osteoblasts in CLAs, we sought to assess osteoblast differentiation and bone formation when exposed to the lymphatic endothelial cell secretome. When treated with lymphatic endothelial cell conditioned medium (L-CM), osteoblasts exhibited a significant decrease in proliferation, differentiation, and function. Additionally, L-CM treatment also inhibited bone formation through a neonatal calvaria explant culture. These findings are the first to reveal how osteoblasts may be actively suppressed during bone lymphatic invasion in CLAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Solorzano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Andrew L. Alejo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Hope C. Ball
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Gabrielle T. Robinson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Andrea L. Solorzano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Rama Safadi
- College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA;
| | - Jacob Douglas
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Michael Kelly
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fayez F. Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH 44308, USA
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Carvalho VS, Rissino JD, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC, Noronha RCR. Isolation and establishment of skin-derived and mesenchymal cells from south American bat Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera - Phyllostomidae). Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101507. [PMID: 33592503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal models represent a crucial tool for biological research, so the establishment of new cultures is fundamental for the discovery of new therapies and the understanding of mechanisms of cell development in the most diverse animals. Here, we report the successful establishment of two new primary cell cultures derived from a South American bat (Artibeus planirostris). The establishment of a new bat culture can help in the investigation of new zoonoses since bats have been proposed as carriers of these diseases. We evaluated the chromosomal stability of cells from different passages. Primary cultures were collected from ear tissues and bone marrow of A. planirostris. Cultures were expanded, and osteogenic and adipogenic inductions were conducted for 21 days. For osteogenic differentiation, the medium was supplemented with 0.1 μM dexamethasone, 3 mM β-glycerophosphate, and 10 μM L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate. For adipogenic differentiation, the medium was supplemented with 5 μM rosiglitazone, 0.4 μM insulin, 0.1 mM indomethacin, and 0.1 μM dexamethasone. After the induction period, the cells were stained with Alizarin Red to assess osteogenic differentiation and Oil Red O to assess adipogenic differentiation. We observed the appearance of lipid droplets in adipocytes and the extracellular deposition of calcium matrix by osteocytes, indicating that bone marrow-derived cells and skin-derived cells of A. planirostris could successfully differentiate into these lineages. Also, the number of chromosomes remained stable for both primary cultures during passages 2, 4, 6, and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius S Carvalho
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jorge D Rissino
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Y Nagamachi
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Julio C Pieczarka
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Renata C R Noronha
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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5
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Cooper LN, Ball HC, Vinyard CJ, Safadi FF, George JC, Thewissen JGM. Linking gene expression and phenotypic changes in the developmental and evolutionary origins of osteosclerosis in the ribs of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 334:339-349. [PMID: 32729176 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bowhead whales are among the longest-lived mammals with an extreme lifespan of about 211 years. During the first 25 years of their lives, rib bones increase in mineral density and the medulla transitions from compact to trabecular bone. Molecular drivers associated with these phenotypic changes in bone remain unknown. This study assessed expression levels of osteogenic genes from samples of rib bones of bowheads. Samples were harvested from prenatal to 86-year-old whales, representing the first third of the bowhead lifespan. Fetal to 2-year-old bowheads showed expression levels consistent with the rapid deposition of the bone extracellular matrix. Sexually mature animals showed expression levels associated with low rates of osteogenesis and increased osteoclastogenesis. After the first 25 years of life, declines in osteogenesis corresponded with increased expression of EZH2, an epigenetic regulator of osteogenesis. These findings suggest EZH2 may be at least one epigenetic modifier that contributes to the age-related changes in the rib bone phenotype along with the transition from compact to trabecular bone. Ancient cetaceans and their fossil relatives also display these phenotypes, suggesting EZH2 may have shaped the skeleton of whales in evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Cooper
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Hope C Ball
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Vinyard
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - John C George
- Department of Wildlife Management, The North Slope Borough, Utqiagvik, Alaska, USA
| | - Johannes G M Thewissen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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Dengler-Crish CM, Ball HC, Lin L, Novak KM, Cooper LN. Evidence of Wnt/β-catenin alterations in brain and bone of a tauopathy mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 67:148-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Ferraz T, Rossoni DM, Althoff SL, Pissinatti A, Paixão-Cortês VR, Bortolini MC, González-José R, Marroig G, Salzano FM, Gonçalves GL, Hünemeier T. Contrasting patterns of RUNX2 repeat variations are associated with palate shape in phyllostomid bats and New World primates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7867. [PMID: 29777172 PMCID: PMC5959863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the genetic basis that underlies craniofacial variability in natural populations is one of the main topics of evolutionary and developmental studies. One of the genes associated with mammal craniofacial variability is RUNX2, and in the present study we investigated the association between craniofacial length and width and RUNX2 across New World bats (Phyllostomidae) and primates (Catarrhini and Platyrrhini). Our results showed contrasting patterns of association between the glutamate/alanine ratios (Q/A ratio) and palate shape in these highly diverse groups. In phyllostomid bats, we found an association between shorter/broader faces and increase of the Q/A ratio. In New World monkeys (NWM) there was a positive correlation of increasing Q/A ratios to more elongated faces. Our findings reinforced the role of the Q/A ratio as a flexible genetic mechanism that would rapidly change the time of skull ossification throughout development. However, we propose a scenario in which the influence of this genetic adjustment system is indirect. The Q/A ratio would not lead to a specific phenotype, but throughout the history of a lineage, would act along with evolutionary constraints, as well as other genes, as a facilitator for adaptive morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferraz
- Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Rossoni
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rolando González-José
- Patagonian Institute of Social and Human Sciences, National Council for Scientific and Technological Research-CONICET, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Marroig
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gislene L Gonçalves
- Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Environmental Resources, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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