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Zhang ML, Li HB, Jin Y. Application and perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in human diseases modeling and gene therapy. Front Genet 2024; 15:1364742. [PMID: 38666293 PMCID: PMC11043577 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1364742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) mediated Cas9 nuclease system has been extensively used for genome editing and gene modification in eukaryotic cells. CRISPR/Cas9 technology holds great potential for various applications, including the correction of genetic defects or mutations within the human genome. The application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system in human disease research is anticipated to solve a multitude of intricate molecular biology challenges encountered in life science research. Here, we review the fundamental principles underlying CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its recent application in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune related diseases, and cancer, focusing on the disease modeling and gene therapy potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in these diseases. Finally, we provide an overview of the limitations and future prospects associated with employing CRISPR/Cas9 technology for diseases study and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ling Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong-Bin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Short term but highly efficient Cas9 expression mediated by excisional system using adenovirus vector and Cre. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24369. [PMID: 34934130 PMCID: PMC8692473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have both become common gene engineering technologies and have been applied to gene therapy. However, the problems of increasing the efficiency of genome editing and reducing off-target effects that induce double-stranded breaks at unexpected sites in the genome remain. In this study, we developed a novel Cas9 transduction system, Exci-Cas9, using an adenovirus vector (AdV). Cas9 was expressed on a circular molecule excised by the site-specific recombinase Cre and succeeded in shortening the expression period compared to AdV, which expresses the gene of interest for at least 6 months. As an example, we chose hepatitis B, which currently has more than 200 million carriers in the world and frequently progresses to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficiencies of hepatitis B virus genome disruption by Exci-Cas9 and Cas9 expression by AdV directly (Avec) were the same, about 80–90%. Furthermore, Exci-Cas9 enabled cell- or tissue-specific genome editing by expressing Cre from a cell- or tissue-specific promoter. We believe that Exci-Cas9 developed in this study is useful not only for resolving the persistent expression of Cas9, which has been a problem in genome editing, but also for eliminating long-term DNA viruses such as human papilloma virus.
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Anand A, Tseng HC, Chiang HC, Hsu WH, Liao YF, Lu SHA, Tsai SY, Pan CY, Chen YT. Significant Elevation in Potassium Concentration Surrounding Stimulated Excitable Cells Revealed by an Aptamer-Modified Nanowire Transistor. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6865-6873. [PMID: 35006986 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recording ion fluctuations surrounding biological cells with a nanoelectronic device offers seamless integration of nanotechnology into living organisms and is essential for understanding cellular activities. The concentration of potassium ion in the extracellular fluid (CK+ex) is a critical determinant of cell membrane potential and must be maintained within an appropriate range. Alteration in CK+ex can affect neuronal excitability, induce heart arrhythmias, and even trigger seizure-like reactions in the brain. Therefore, monitoring local fluctuations in real time provides an early diagnosis of the occurrence of the K+-induced pathophysiological responses. Here, we modified the surface of a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW-FET) with K+-specific DNA-aptamers (AptK+) to monitor the real-time variations of CK+ex in primary cultured rat embryonic cortical neurons or human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. The binding affinity of AptK+ to K+, determined by measuring the dissociation constant of the AptK+-K+ complex (Kd = 10.1 ± 0.9 mM), is at least 38-fold higher than other ions (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+). By placing cultured cortical neurons over an AptK+/SiNW-FET device, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) stimulation raised the CK+ex dose-dependently to 16 mM when AMPA concentration was >10 μM; this elevation could be significantly suppressed by an AMPA receptor antagonist, 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. Likewise, the stimulation of isoproterenol to cardiomyocytes raised the CK+ex to 6-8 mM, with a concomitant increase in the beating rate. This study utilizing a robust nanobiosensor to detect real-time ion fluctuations surrounding excitable cells underlies the importance of ion homeostasis and offers the feasibility of developing an implant device for real-time monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Anand
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chiun Tseng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Serena Huei-An Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yi Tsai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Pan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yit-Tsong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Zhang L, Li R, Chen L, Xing Z, Song Y, Nie X, Wang L, Han H, Liu A, Ma X, Ma RZ, Tian S. Expression, location and biological effects of four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) on granulosa cells in ovine. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:737-746. [PMID: 32181932 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) plays an essential role in the regulation of follicular development in mammals. Although the FHL2 genes of human and mouse have been well characterized, the expression and location of FHL2 in ovary and the biological functions of FHL2 on granulosa cells (GCs) of ovine are still not clear. In this study, full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of FHL2 from ovine follicular GCs was amplified by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The expression and location of FHL2 in ovary and GCs of ovine were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and the biological effects of FHL2 on the cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycles and expression level of related genes of ovine GCs were also explored by overexpression or knockdown of FHL2. The results indicated that FHL2 was expressed in ovine follicular GCs and the sequence of the FHL2 cDNA was consistent with that predicted in GenBank, which did not cause an amino acid change. According to the results, FHL2 was expressed in ovine ovary and mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of GCs. In addition, overexpression of FHL2 significantly reduced the cell viability, promoted the cell apoptosis and decreased the percentage of G0/G1 and S phase cells. RT-PCR showed that overexpression of FHL2 significantly increased the mRNA expression level of Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and the Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio compared with the control group. Besides, the knockdown of FHL2 gene in ovine GCs significantly improved the cell viability, suppressed the cell apoptosis, decreased the mRNA expression level of Caspase-3 gene, increased the Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio and increased the percentage of S and G2/M phase cells. Our results suggest that FHL2 may play an important role in the biological functions of GCs in ovine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Longxin Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Nie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongye Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Aiju Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Runlin Z Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Research Center of Cattle and Sheep, Embryonic Technique of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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