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López-Muneta L, Linares J, Casis O, Martínez-Ibáñez L, González Miqueo A, Bezunartea J, Sanchez de la Nava AM, Gallego M, Fernández-Santos ME, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Aranguren XL, Fernández-Avilés F, Segovia JC, Prósper F, Carvajal-Vergara X. Generation of NKX2.5GFP Reporter Human iPSCs and Differentiation Into Functional Cardiac Fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:797927. [PMID: 35127713 PMCID: PMC8815860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.797927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct cardiac reprogramming has emerged as an interesting approach for the treatment and regeneration of damaged hearts through the direct conversion of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes or cardiovascular progenitors. However, in studies with human cells, the lack of reporter fibroblasts has hindered the screening of factors and consequently, the development of robust direct cardiac reprogramming protocols.In this study, we have generated functional human NKX2.5GFP reporter cardiac fibroblasts. We first established a new NKX2.5GFP reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line using a CRISPR-Cas9-based knock-in approach in order to preserve function which could alter the biology of the cells. The reporter was found to faithfully track NKX2.5 expressing cells in differentiated NKX2.5GFP hiPSC and the potential of NKX2.5-GFP + cells to give rise to the expected cardiac lineages, including functional ventricular- and atrial-like cardiomyocytes, was demonstrated. Then NKX2.5GFP cardiac fibroblasts were obtained through directed differentiation, and these showed typical fibroblast-like morphology, a specific marker expression profile and, more importantly, functionality similar to patient-derived cardiac fibroblasts. The advantage of using this approach is that it offers an unlimited supply of cellular models for research in cardiac reprogramming, and since NKX2.5 is expressed not only in cardiomyocytes but also in cardiovascular precursors, the detection of both induced cell types would be possible. These reporter lines will be useful tools for human direct cardiac reprogramming research and progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre López-Muneta
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Linares
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Oscar Casis
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Ibáñez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantxa González Miqueo
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Sanchez de la Nava
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gallego
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Fernández-Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz
- Hemato-oncology Program, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier L. Aranguren
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Segovia
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xonia Carvajal-Vergara
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Xonia Carvajal-Vergara,
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Targeting cell plasticity for regeneration: From in vitro to in vivo reprogramming. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:124-144. [PMID: 32822682 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed to pluripotency from somatic cells, has transformed the landscape of regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug discovery pipelines. Since the first generation of iPSCs in 2006, there has been enormous effort to develop new methods that increase reprogramming efficiency, and obviate the need for viral vectors. In parallel to this, the promise of in vivo reprogramming to convert cells into a desired cell type to repair damage in the body, constitutes a new paradigm in approaches for tissue regeneration. This review article explores the current state of reprogramming techniques for iPSC generation with a specific focus on alternative methods that use biophysical and biochemical stimuli to reduce or eliminate exogenous factors, thereby overcoming the epigenetic barrier towards vector-free approaches with improved clinical viability. We then focus on application of iPSC for therapeutic approaches, by giving an overview of ongoing clinical trials using iPSCs for a variety of health conditions and discuss future scope for using materials and reagents to reprogram cells in the body.
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