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Keuters MH, Antila S, Immonen R, Plotnikova L, Wojciechowski S, Lehtonen S, Alitalo K, Koistinaho J, Dhungana H. The Impact of VEGF-C-Induced Dural Lymphatic Vessel Growth on Ischemic Stroke Pathology. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01262-9. [PMID: 38822994 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Timely relief of edema and clearance of waste products, as well as promotion of anti-inflammatory immune responses, reduce ischemic stroke pathology, and attenuate harmful long-term effects post-stroke. The discovery of an extensive and functional lymphatic vessel system in the outermost meningeal layer, dura mater, has opened up new possibilities to facilitate post-stroke recovery by inducing dural lymphatic vessel (dLV) growth via a single injection of a vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). In the present study, we aimed to improve post-stroke outcomes by inducing dLV growth in mice. We injected mice with a single intracerebroventricular dose of adeno-associated viral particles encoding VEGF-C before subjecting them to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). Behavioral testing, Gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to define the impact of VEGF-C on the post-stroke outcome. VEGF-C improved stroke-induced behavioral deficits, such as gait disturbances and neurological deficits, ameliorated post-stroke inflammation, and enhanced an alternative glial immune response. Importantly, VEGF-C treatment increased the drainage of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as shown by Gd-enhanced MRI. These outcomes were closely associated with an increase in the growth of dLVs around the region where we observed increased vefgc mRNA expression within the brain, including the olfactory bulb, cortex, and cerebellum. Strikingly, VEGF-C-treated ischemic mice exhibited a faster and stronger Gd-signal accumulation in ischemic core area and an enhanced fluid outflow via the cribriform plate. In conclusion, the VEGF-C-induced dLV growth improved the overall outcome post-stroke, indicating that VEGF-C has potential to be included in the treatment strategies of post-ischemic stroke. However, to maximize the therapeutic potential of VEGF-C treatment, further studies on the impact of an enhanced dural lymphatic system at clinically relevant time points are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Hedwig Keuters
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Salli Antila
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Immonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lidiia Plotnikova
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Wojciechowski
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sarka Lehtonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
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Choi YH, Hsu M, Laaker C, Herbath M, Yang H, Cismaru P, Johnson AM, Spellman B, Wigand K, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Dual role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C) in post-stroke recovery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555144. [PMID: 37693558 PMCID: PMC10491156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a mouse model of ischemic stroke, this study characterizes stroke-induced lymphangiogenesis at the cribriform plate (CP). While blocking CP lymphangiogenesis with a VEGFR-3 inhibitor improves stroke outcome, administration of VEGF-C induced larger brain infarcts. Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), antigens, and antigen-presenting cells drain from the central nervous system (CNS) into lymphatic vessels near the cribriform plate and dural meningeal lymphatics. However, the pathological roles of these lymphatic vessels surrounding the CNS during stroke are not well understood. Using a mouse model of ischemic stroke, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we show that stroke induces lymphangiogenesis near the cribriform plate. Interestingly, lymphangiogenesis is restricted to lymphatic vessels at the cribriform plate and downstream cervical lymph nodes, without affecting the conserved network of lymphatic vessels in the dura. Cribriform plate lymphangiogenesis peaks at day 7 and regresses by day 14 following tMCAO and is regulated by VEGF-C/VEGFR-3. These newly developed lymphangiogenic vessels transport CSF and immune cells to the cervical lymph nodes. Inhibition of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling using a blocker of VEGFR-3 prevented lymphangiogenesis and led to improved stroke outcomes at earlier time points but had no effects at later time points following stroke. Administration of VEGF-C after tMCAO did not further increase post-stroke lymphangiogenesis, but instead induced larger brain infarcts. The differential roles for VEGFR-3 inhibition and VEGF-C in regulating stroke pathology call into question recent suggestions to use VEGF-C therapeutically for stroke.
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Karakatsani A, Álvarez-Vergara MI, de Almodóvar CR. The vasculature of neurogenic niches: Properties and function. Cells Dev 2023; 174:203841. [PMID: 37060947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In the adult rodent brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. In these areas, NSCs and their progeny integrate intrinsic signals and extrinsic cues provided by their microenvironment that control their behavior. The vasculature in the SVZ and SGZ, and the choroid plexus (ChP) in the SVZ, have emerged as critical compartments of the neurogenic niches as they provide a rich repertoire of cues to regulate NSC quiescence, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation. Physical contact between NSCs and blood vessels is also a feature within the niches and supports different processes such as quiescence, migration and vesicle transport. In this review, we provide a description of the brain and choroid plexus vasculature in both stem cell niches, highlighting the main properties and role of the vasculature in each niche. We also summarize the current understanding of how blood vessel- and ChP-derived signals influence the behavior of NSCs in physiological adulthood, as well as upon aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromachi Karakatsani
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - María I Álvarez-Vergara
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodóvar
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Schlegel Chair for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Luo J, Chen D, Qin B, Kong D. Molecular mechanisms for the prevention and promoting the recovery from ischemic stroke by nutraceutical laminarin: A comparative transcriptomic approach. Front Nutr 2022; 9:999426. [PMID: 36118760 PMCID: PMC9479852 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.999426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Ischemic stroke caused by atherosclerosis accounts for approximately 87% of all stroke cases. Ischemic stroke is a preventable disease; therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and recovery processes could provide therapeutic targets for drug development and reduce the associated mortality rate. Laminarin, a polysaccharide, is a nutraceutical that can be found in brown algae. Accumulating evidence suggests that laminarin could reduce the detrimental effects of neuroinflammation on brain damage after stroke. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its beneficial effects remains largely unknown. In the present study, we used a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model and applied comparative transcriptomics to investigate the molecular targets and pathways involved in the beneficial effects of laminarin on ischemic stroke. Our results show the involvement of laminarin targets in biological processes related to blood circulation, oxygen supply, and anti-inflammatory responses in the normal brain. More importantly, laminarin treatment attenuated brain damage and neurodeficits caused by ischemic stroke. These beneficial effects are controlled by biological processes related to blood vessel development and brain cell death through the regulation of canonical pathways. Our study, for the first time, delineated the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of laminarin on ischemic stroke prevention and recovery and provides novel therapeutic targets for drug development against ischemic stroke.
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Zhou JF, Xiong Y, Kang X, Pan Z, Zhu Q, Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou L, Lin S, Hu W, Zheng F, Stavrinou P. Application of stem cells and exosomes in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: an update. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:281. [PMID: 35765072 PMCID: PMC9241288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a highly destructive intracranial disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. The main risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage include hypertension, amyloidosis, vasculitis, drug abuse, coagulation dysfunction, and genetic factors. Clinically, surviving patients with intracerebral hemorrhage exhibit different degrees of neurological deficits after discharge. In recent years, with the development of regenerative medicine, an increasing number of researchers have begun to pay attention to stem cell and exosome therapy as a new method for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, owing to their intrinsic potential in neuroprotection and neurorestoration. Many animal studies have shown that stem cells can directly or indirectly participate in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage through regeneration, differentiation, or secretion. However, considering the uncertainty of its safety and efficacy, clinical studies are still lacking. This article reviews the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage using stem cells and exosomes from both preclinical and clinical studies and summarizes the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide a reference for future research and new strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodong Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qiangbin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hui'an County Hospital of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, Athens Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Zhao X, Fisher ES, Wang Y, Zuloaga K, Manley L, Temple S. 4D imaging analysis of the aging mouse neural stem cell niche reveals a dramatic loss of progenitor cell dynamism regulated by the RHO-ROCK pathway. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:245-258. [PMID: 35030320 PMCID: PMC8828534 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to transit-amplifying progenitor (TAP) cells. These progenitors reside in different subniche locations, implying that cell movement must accompany lineage progression, but the dynamic behaviors of adult NSCs and TAPs remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed live time-lapse imaging with computer-based image analysis of young and aged 3D V-SVZ wholemounts from transgenic mice with fluorescently distinguished NSCs and TAP cells. Young V-SVZ progenitors are highly dynamic, with regular process outgrowth and retraction and cell migration. However, these activities dramatically declined with age. An examination of single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed age-associated changes in the Rho-Rock pathway that are important for cell motility. Applying a small molecule to inhibit ROCK transformed young into old V-SVZ progenitor cell dynamic behaviors. Hence RHO-ROCK signaling is critical for normal adult NSC and TAP movement and interactions, which are compromised with age, concomitant with the loss of regenerative ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhao
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | | | - Yue Wang
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Kristen Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical Center, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Luke Manley
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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