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Alaghbari SSA, Mohmmed BSA, Alalwani NNM, Sobhy MM, Qadi KA, Khawaji SA, Mhbob HO, Alsadi FM, Moaleem MMA. Analysis of the Facial Measurements and Dental Arch Dimensions for the Construction of Dental Prostheses among Adult Yemenis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:595-604. [PMID: 38193184 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the dental arch dimension (width, length, and height) and facial measurements including inner-canthal width (ICW), bizygomatic width (BZW), inter-alar width (IAW), and mouth width (MW), and to assess the correlation between these facial measurements and dental arch width (canine width [CW], inter-first premolar width [I1PW], and inter-first molar width [I1MW]), to establish a preliminary reference for artificial teeth selection in Yemeni adult. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 80 individuals (40 males and 40 females) with symmetrical faces and normal class I occlusion ranging in age from 20 to 35. Maxillary and mandibular stone casts were made for each individual. The dimensions of dental casts and facial measurements, including ICW, BZW, IAW, and MW, were assessed using a digital caliper. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS software program. The descriptive statistics for each measurement were made. Differences between males and females were tested using an independent-sample t-test with p-values below 0.05 considered significant. Pearson correlation coefficient between facial measurements and dental arch width was also done. RESULTS Most dental arch dimensions and facial measurements exhibited larger mean values in the male than in the female group, with the greatest significant difference in the maxillary dental arch width and the lowest in mandibular dental arch length. A highly significant correlation is observed between ICW and maxillary canine width (CW) (r = 0.318, p = 0.004). In contrast, no significant correlation between dental arch width and BZW, IAW, and MW is shown. CONCLUSIONS Within this study's limitations, the ICW can determine the ideal dimension of the artificial teeth in the anterior maxillary arch. While the other facial parameters, including BZW, IAW, and MW, cannot be used for artificial teeth selection in Yemeni populations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this study established a reference database of facial measurements and their correlation to dental arch and teeth width in Yemeni populations. So, it can be implemented in artificial teeth and dental prostheses design and construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sadeq Abdulrahman Alaghbari
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Al-Hikma University, Sana'a, Yemen, Phone: +86 13201766120, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8500-5672
| | - Badea Saeed Abdu Mohmmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4570-2702
| | - Nadhra Nasser Masood Alalwani
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3943-1123
| | - Mohamed M Sobhy
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla Ahmed Qadi
- Department of Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Arar Khawaji
- Department of Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Oh Mhbob
- Administration Health, Advance Technology Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Alsadi
- Administration Health, Advance Technology Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen
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Saadeh ME, Ghafari JG. Uniformity of palatal volume and surface area in various malocclusions. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26:72-80. [PMID: 35470544 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess palatal volume, surface area and linear dimensions across sagittal and vertical components of malocclusion. METHODS Pre-treatment cephalographs and dental casts of 178 non-growing patients (88 males, 90 females, age 25.81 ± 8.23 years) were used for classification in sagittal malocclusion groups: Class I (n = 48), Class II division 1 (n = 42), Class II division 2 (n = 40) and Class III (n = 48); and in vertical divergence groups based on the MP/SN angle: hypodivergent (n = 35), normodivergent (n = 95) and hyperdivergent (n = 48). Dental casts were scanned and palatal measurements recorded: palatal width, depth and interdental distances; palatal surface area (PSA, mm2 ) and volume (PV, mm3 ). A 3-way ANOVA was used to compare palatal dimensions across groups. Pearson product-moment correlations were employed to assess associations among variables. RESULTS PSA and PV (in both sex groups) were not statistically significantly different across sagittal malocclusions and vertical patterns. Significant differences were depicted more among the vertical divergence groups than sagittal groups. Correlations between PSA and PV and palatal dimensions were low to moderate. Predictability of PSA and PV ranged between 15 and 18%. CONCLUSION The finding of similar palatal volume and surface area, on average, across malocclusions possibly underscores the limitations of environmental influences within the inherited orofacial phenotype. The vertical facial pattern seems to be more interactive with palatal dimensions than sagittal relations. Studies of palatal changes following orthodontic and orthognathic treatments are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Saadeh
- Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph G Ghafari
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Jayasinghe R, Thilakumara I, Hettiarachchi P, Fonseka M, Nanayakkara C, Jayasinghe R. Morphometric analysis of maxillary arch dimensions using Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT). J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:500-504. [PMID: 35755136 PMCID: PMC9218834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of morphology of the maxillary arch is important in many spacialities of dentistry. This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using 109 randomly selected maxillary CBCT images of patients in the age range of 18-60 from the archives in Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. EzDent software was used for measurements. Measurements related to the width were acquired from coronal sections while the measurements related to antero-posterior dimensions were performed on axial sections. A majority had an oval shaped maxillary arch (64.8%) followed by V shaped one.(29.2%). The mean height of the alveolar ridge at the upper canine position was 8.9 mm and the mean height of the alveolar ridge at the first molar level was 20.1 mm. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare measurements of variables between males and females. Difference in the height of alveolar ridge at the junction of soft and hard palate, width of the alveolar ridge at the canine, first molar and second molar and also the antero-posterior distance of the arch at the inter canine distance and junction between the hard and soft palate were statistically significant. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the differences between age groups. Chisquare values didnot indicate significant differences of measurements according to the age group of the participants. In conclusion, there is a significant difference in all maxillary arch parameters between the different genders. No significant differences in arch parameters were observed among the different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.M. Jayasinghe
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - I.P. Thilakumara
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - P.V.K.S. Hettiarachchi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - M.C.N. Fonseka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - C.D. Nanayakkara
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - R.D. Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Ye Min Soe KT, Ishiyama H, Nishiyama A, Shimada M, Maeda S. Effect of Different Maxillary Oral Appliance Designs on Respiratory Variables during Sleep. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6714. [PMID: 35682298 PMCID: PMC9180795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of maxillary oral appliance (MOA) designs on respiratory variables during sleep. At baseline, 23 participants underwent a sleep test with a portable device for two nights and were categorized as participants with mild obstructive sleep apnea (mild-OSA) (n = 13) and without OSA (w/o-OSA) (n = 10). Three types of MOAs, standard-OA (S-OA), palatal covering-OA (PC-OA), and vertically increasing-OA (VI-OA), were each worn for three nights, and sleep tests with each MOA were performed with a portable device for two nights. Based on the average of the respiratory event index (REI) values for the two nights for each MOA, w/o-OSA participants with an REI ≥ 5.0 were defined as the exacerbation group and those with an REI < 5.0 as the non-exacerbation group. In mild-OSA participants, an REI ≥ 15.0 or REI ≥ baseline REI × 1.5 were defined as the exacerbation group and those with an REI < 15.0 and REI < baseline REI × 1.5 were defined as the non-exacerbation group. The percentage of the exacerbation and non-exacerbation groups with MOA was evaluated in the w/o-OSA and mild-OSA participants. The maxillary and mandibular dental-arch dimension was compared by dentition model analysis. The exacerbation group in w/o-OSA participants (n = 10) comprised 10.0% participants (n = 1) with S-OA, 40.0% (n = 4) with PC-OA, and 30.0% (n = 3) with VI-OA. The exacerbation group in the mild-OSA participants (n = 13) comprised 15.4% subjects (n = 2) with S-OA, 23.1% (n = 3) with PC-OA, and 23.1% (n = 3) in VI-OA. In the model analysis for w/o-OSA, the posterior dental arch width was significantly greater in the exacerbation group than in the non-exacerbation group wearing S-OA (p < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of the maxillary to mandibular dental arch width (anterior dental arch width) was significantly greater in the exacerbation group than in the non-exacerbation group for both PC-OA and VI-OA (p < 0.05). In mild-OSA, the maxillary and mandibular dental arch lengths and the ratio of maxillary to mandibular dental arch width (posterior dental arch width) were significantly smaller in the exacerbation group than in the non-exacerbation group for S-OA (p < 0.05). This study confirmed that wearing an MOA by w/o-OSA and mild-OSA participants may increase the REI during sleep and that PC-OA and VI-OA may increase the REI more than S-OA. The maxillary and mandibular dental-arch dimensions may affect the REI when using an MOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Thwe Ye Min Soe
- Masticatory Function and Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiyama
- Masticatory Function and Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of General Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shimada
- Dental Anesthesiology and Orofacial Pain Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shigeru Maeda
- Dental Anesthesiology and Orofacial Pain Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Safi Y, Behzadi S, Shafizadeh M, Amid R, Kadkhodazadeh M. CBCT Evaluation of the maxillary palatine process as a donor site for the regeneration of periodontal defects. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2022; 14:20-25. [PMID: 35919451 PMCID: PMC9339726 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2022.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background The maxillary palatine process (MPP) is an excellent source of autogenous bone transplants for anterior maxillary reconstruction. This research aimed to determine the quantity and quality of accessible MPP as a donor location. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients referred to the School of Dentistry were evaluated by a certified examiner. The harvestable MPP was defined as the space between the distal surfaces of maxillary first premolars. OnDemand 3D Imaging software was used to determine bone properties. SPSS software was used to investigate the following variables: Bone characteristics are correlated with age and gender, accessible volume, and palatal width and height. P<0.05 was defined as the level of statistical significance. Results This study was performed on CBCT scans of 81 subjects (41 females and 40 males). MPP volume and palatal heights were 1.33±0.53 cm3 and 20.86±5.51 mm, respectively. Maximum bone density was observed around lateral incisors. Palatal width was 33.81±2.42 mm between canines and 41.81±2.66 mm between premolars. The MPP volume was significantly greater in males (P<0.001). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the volume and palatal width (P<0.05). Conclusion Within the constraints of this research, there is a limited supply of MMP accessible for use as a graft source, and it is best suited for treating localized bone lesions. The favorable link between palatal breadth and harvestable volume aids the surgeon in estimating the quantity of bone accessible during the first evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Safi
- Department of Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Behzadi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Shafizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amid
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Kadkhodazadeh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Somvasoontra S, Tharanon W, Serichetaphongse P, Pimkhaokham A. Associations among the anterior maxillary dental arch form, alveolar bone thickness, and the sagittal root position of the maxillary central incisors in relation to immediate implant placement: A cone-beam computed tomography analysis. Imaging Sci Dent 2022; 52:197-207. [PMID: 35799960 PMCID: PMC9226239 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20210248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated the associations of the dental arch form, age-sex groups, and sagittal root position (SRP) with alveolar bone thickness of the maxillary central incisors using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods CBCT images of 280 patients were categorized based on the dental arch form and age-sex groups. From these patients, 560 sagittal CBCT images of the maxillary central incisors were examined to measure the labial and palatal bone thickness at the apex level and the palatal bone at the mid-root level, according to the SRP classification. The chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analyses. Results Significant differences were found in alveolar bone thickness depending on the arch form and SRP at the apex level. The square dental arch form and class I SRP showed the highest bone thickness at both levels of the palatal aspect. The taper dental arch form and class II SRP presented the highest bone thickness at the apex level of the labial aspect. No association was found between the dental arch form and SRP. Elderly women showed a significant association with thinner alveolar bone. Age-sex group, the dental arch form, and SRP had significant associations with alveolar bone thickness at the apex level. Conclusion The patient’s age-sex group, dental arch form, and SRP were associated with alveolar bone thickness around the maxillary central incisors with varying magnitudes. Therefore, clinicians should take these factors into account when planning immediate implant placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttikiat Somvasoontra
- Esthetic Restorative and Implant Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichit Tharanon
- Dental Innovation Foundation under Royal Patronage, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pravej Serichetaphongse
- Esthetic Restorative and Implant Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atiphan Pimkhaokham
- Esthetic Restorative and Implant Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lubis H, Lubis M, Sutan C. The relationship of maxillary arch dimension with vertical facial morphology in proto-malay race. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:17. [PMID: 35754429 PMCID: PMC9214423 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_173_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: DESIGN: SETTING: PARTICIPANTS: METHODS: RESULTS: CONCLUSION:
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Berwig LC, Marquezan M, Milanesi JDM, Knorst JK, Ardenghi TM, da Silva AMT. Reference parameters for normality and associated factors to hard palate during mixed dentition phase. Codas 2021; 34:e20200291. [PMID: 34705923 PMCID: PMC9886104 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association among dimensions of the hard palate according to the sexes, skin color, and periods of the mixed dentition and present reference parameters of normality for this stage of development. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated a representative sample of children between the ages of 7 and 13 years in Santa Maria, southern Brazil. The outcomes of the study were the dimensions of the palate: width measurements and depth. Sociodemographic characteristics and related oral measures were also assessed. Adjusted linear regression model were used to evaluate the effect of the predictor's variables on the dimensions of the hard palate in millimeters. The reference standards for the hard palate normality were presented in mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS A total of 569 children were evaluated. The hard palate dimensions were larger in the male sex and smaller in the first transitional period of mixed dentition. Skin color had an influence on the hard palate width at the level of the premolars, and the width measurements were smaller in white individuals. Posterior cross bite, Angle Class II and III malocclusions and non-nutritional sucking habits caused reduction in the hard palate width measurements. CONCLUSION Different dimensions of the hard palate are influenced by demographic variables such as sex, skin color, and mixed dentition period. Children of the female sex, white-skinned and in the first transition period of mixed dentition had smaller dimensions of the hard palate. Establishing normality reference standards in measurements of the palates guides the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cristina Berwig
- Serviço de Fonoaudiologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil.
| | - Mariana Marquezan
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.
| | - Jovana de Moura Milanesi
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Curso de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.
| | - Ana Maria Toniolo da Silva
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Curso de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.
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The Relation among Teeth and Maxillary Dental Arch Dimensions with Anterior Teeth Angulation and Inclination. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:8993734. [PMID: 34650346 PMCID: PMC8510803 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8993734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed at finding out whether anterior teeth angulation and inclination have a relationship with the maxillary teeth and dental arch dimensions. Methods Fifty study models with normal occlusion were selected from the archive of the Department of Orthodontics at Baghdad Dental Faculty. Maxillary dental arch width and length at different points were determined in addition to measuring anterior teeth angulation, inclination, crown thickness, overjet, overbite, and Bolton's ratios. The unpaired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were used for data analysis. Results No statistical gender differences were reported in all measurements except the dental arch widths and length where males had significantly higher mean values. Only the maxillary incisor's inclination showed a direct weak significant correlation with the total arch length. Conclusions The inclination of upper incisors had a minimal effect on increasing dental arch length.
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Saghiri MA, Eid J, Tang CK, Freag P. Factors influencing different types of malocclusion and arch form-A review. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2020; 122:185-191. [PMID: 32659411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This review intends to highlight malocclusion as a multifactorial issue and review the different factors that influence different types of malocclusion and arch form. METHODS An online article search was performed on the factors influencing malocclusion and arch form from January 1990 through April 2020. The search was performed within the Google, Rutgers library, PubMed, MEDLINE databases via OVID using the keywords mentioned in the PubMed and MeSH headings for the English language published articles January 1990 through April 2020, which evaluated different factors that influence malocclusion and arch form. RESULTS Of the 300 articles found in initial search results, 31 articles met the inclusion criteria set for this review. These 31 studies were directly related to the factors that impact malocclusion and different arch forms. CONCLUSION Genetic inheritance, genetic mutations, age, gender, ethnicity, dental anomalies like macrodontia, congenital diseases, muscular diseases, hormone imbalance, and human behaviour are all factors that influence malocclusion and arch forms. The elements within the individual's control like behaviours can aid in preventing malocclusion. However, it seems as if the underlying reason for most of these factors indicates that malocclusion is a by-product of genetics and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Saghiri
- Biomaterial and Prosthodontic Laboratory & Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, NJ, USA; Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur-A.-Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - J Eid
- Independent Researcher, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - C K Tang
- Biomaterial and Prosthodontic Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, NJ, USA
| | - P Freag
- Independent Researcher, Newark, NJ, USA
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Bridgman H, Kwong MT, Bergmann JHM. Mechanical Safety of Embedded Electronics for In-body Wearables: A Smart Mouthguard Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:1725-1737. [PMID: 31025132 PMCID: PMC6647539 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The growing popularity of contact sports drives the requirement for better design of protective equipment, such as mouthguards. Smart mouthguards with embedded electronics provide a multitude of new ways to provide increased safety and protection to users. Characterisation of how electronic components embedded in typical mouthguard material, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), behave under typical sports impacts is crucial for future designs. A novel pendulum impact rig using a hockey ball disc impactor was developed to investigate impact forces and component failure. Two sets of dental models (aluminium and plastic padding chemical metal) were used to manufacture post-thermoformed mouthguards. Seven embedding conditions with varying thickness of EVA (1.5 and 3 mm) and locations of electrical components were tested. Component failures were observed in four out of seven test conditions, and the experimental failure forces at which the electrical component had a 50% chance of failure were reported for those cases. The experimental results showed that an EVA thickness of 3 mm surrounding the electrical component gives the most comprehensive protection even under extreme surface conformity. Computational models on surface conformity of EVA showed that a block of EVA with a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm was better at reducing stress concentration than a shell with an overall thickness of 1.5 mm. This study demonstrated that the thickness of a mouthguard is important when protecting electrical components from extreme dental surface conformity, furthermore the surface geometry should not be overlooked when considering electrical component safety for in-body wearables that are impact prone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bridgman
- Natural Interactions Lab, Oxford Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Man Ting Kwong
- Natural Interactions Lab, Oxford Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jeroen H M Bergmann
- Natural Interactions Lab, Oxford Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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AlShahrani I, Dawasaz AA, Syed S, Ibrahim M, Togoo RA. Three-dimensional palatal anatomic characteristics' correlation with dermatoglyphic heterogeneity in Angle malocclusions. Angle Orthod 2019; 89:643-650. [PMID: 30840497 DOI: 10.2319/091718-675.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess correlation of dermatoglyphic (DG) pattern with quantitative palatal anatomic parameters measured using three-dimensional (3D) scanning of dental casts and to explore the possibility of utilizing these to predict future occurrence of malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pretreatment casts of 477 Saudi Arabian patients were divided into Class I, II, and III malocclusion groups. Fingerprints were recorded for all hand digits using a digital biometric device. Maxillary arch analysis was accomplished including intercanine, intermolar distance, palatal height, and palatal area. The results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The mean surface area of the palate was highest in Class II malocclusion. The DG pattern was not significantly associated with the type of malocclusion, except in the instance of the double loop characteristic (P = .05). There was a strong correlation, however, between DG characteristics like simple arch, loop, and double loop and palatal dimensions (intercanine, intermolar distance, and palatal height). Heterogeneity of DG pattern could be reliably used to predict palatal dimensions. Logistic regression revealed that only tented arch, symmetrical, spiral DG patterns and palatal area were significant but weak predictors of Angle malocclusion (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS A novel correlation of DG pattern with 3D palatal anatomic characteristics was assessed in different Angle malocclusion classes. Few of the DG characteristics and palatal dimensions showed significant correlations. However, only some of these were significant predictors of Angle malocclusion.
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Eslami Amirabadi G, Golshah A, Derakhshan S, Khandan S, Saeidipour M, Nikkerdar N. Palatal dimensions at different stages of dentition in 5 to 18-year-old Iranian children and adolescent with normal occlusion. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:87. [PMID: 29764428 PMCID: PMC5952467 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was purposed to evaluate palatal width, height, and height index at various stages of dentition in Iranian children and adolescent with normal occlusion. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 237 children (45% male and 55% female, aged 5-18 years) with normal occlusion selected from kindergartens and elementary and high schools in Hamadan, Iran. The subjects were clinically examined and classified based on dentition to primary (21.5%), mixed (21.9%), and permanent (56.5%) stages. Dental casts were obtained from all subjects. Palatal width (inter-molar and -canine distances), and height (at molar and canine areas) were measured on the casts by Korkhaus' compass and digital caliper. Palatal height index was calculated for each dentition stage. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15 using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test and t- test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Palatal inter-molar and -canine width values were increased from primary to permanent dentition. Palatal height and palatal height index in mixed dentition were significantly lower than those in primary and permanent dentition. Palatal width at inter-molar and -canine distances was significantly higher in males than females. There was no significant difference in palatal height and palatal height index at molar area between males and females. However, palatal height and palatal height index at canine area were significantly higher in males compared to females. CONCLUSION These findings showed that palatal width increased from primary to permanent stage. Palatal height and palatal height index decrease from primary to mixed dentation, then increase from mixed to permanent dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Golshah
- Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Nafiseh Nikkerdar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Dental Arch Dimensions in Saudi Adults. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:2190250. [PMID: 29666645 PMCID: PMC5832096 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2190250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the arch dimensions (width, length, and depth) in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods 169 orthodontic models (73 males and 96 females) made of white stone were selected according to inclusion criteria. Measurement of arch dimensions was taken including width, length, and depth at different reference points. Differences between males and females were tested using independent samples t-test. Results The sample comprised subjects aged 18–33 years old. Most measurements showed higher values for males compared to females. Saudi males showed smaller intercanine widths compared to Caucasians and Southern Chinese but larger widths in females compared to Caucasians and smaller widths compared to Southern Chinese. Saudi males and females showed larger intermolar widths compared to Caucasians but smaller intermolar widths compared to Southern Chinese. For arch length, Saudis showed longer arches compared to Yemenis for both males and females but smaller palatal depths compared to Yemenis. Conclusions Differences in intercanine width, intermolar width, and palatal length and depth were found between Saudis and other nationalities. Male and female participants had differences in most of the measurements.
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