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Vafaee-Shahi M, Soheilipour F, Mohagheghi P, Riahi A, Borghei NS, Talebi A. Effect of Sodium Valproate on Weight, Body Mass Index, Uric Acid, Vitamin D3, Blood Insulin, and Serum Lipid Profile in Children. Open Neurol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1874205x-v16-e2202070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Due to the high prevalence of epilepsy and the use of sodium valproate as an antiepileptic drug by these patients, accurate recognition of its side effects and its effects on serum lipids profile, liver enzymes, uric acid level, and thyroid function tests, especially in cases that need long-term treatment seems essential. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium valproate on weight, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D3, blood insulin, uric acid level, and serum lipids profile in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy.
Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was performed on 30 children between 3 and 8 years of age who suffered from newly diagnosed epilepsy and received sodium valproate as monotherapy. Data including demographic information (age, sex, height, weight, and waist and hip circumference of children), as well as clinical characteristics, such as liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALK-P), serum lipids level (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C), thyroid tests (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid level, 25 OH Vitamin D3 (Vit-D3), and blood insulin level of children before and six months after the consumption of sodium valproate, were examined.
Results:
The mean weight of children before and six months after the start of sodium valproate treatment was 18.54±2.99 and 21.13±3.93 (kg), respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). Also, the mean weight Z-score of children before and after taking sodium valproate was -2.497 and -2.293, respectively, which was statistically significant too. In addition to weight gain, there was also a significant increase in the abdominal and hip circumference of children after taking valproate, whereas the increase in mean BMI before and after valproate administration was not statistically significant (P=0.114). However, mean weight gain, as well as the increase in the waist and hip circumference, had no relationship with gender (P> 0.05). Also, sodium valproate significantly increased the ALT level (P=0.046). Moreover, sodium valproate did not affect other liver function markers (AST), thyroid hormones (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid level, 25 OH Vit-D3, and the children's blood insulin levels (P> 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that sodium valproate is a good drug for children between 3 and 8 years of age, but it should be noted that taking this drug increases the chance of obesity in children. The main side effect of this drug is weight gain. Due to the significant increase in ALT enzyme, as observed in this study, it is recommended to check liver enzymes before, one, and six months after starting treatment as it can prevent the irreversible permanent side effects of this drug.
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Radgoudarzi M, Vafaee-Shahi M, Naderi F. Effect of Sodium Valproate Treatment on the Cardiac Index in New Cases with Status Epilepticus. Open Neurol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874205x02115010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Sodium valproate is an antiepileptic drug primarily used to treat status epilepticus [SE]; however, its effect on cardiac function is unclear. This study aimed to examine the effect of 6 months of sodium valproate treatment on the cardiac index in new cases with status epilepticus.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 30 cases with status epilepticus [18 boys and 12 girls] who were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Hazrat-e Rasool Hospital were enrolled. Information on basic demographic and clinical data of all children, such as age, weight, gender, blood pressures, and underlying diseases, was recorded. Echocardiography and electrocardiogram [ECG] were performed for all cases before and after the treatment.
Results:
There were no abnormalities in ECG parameters [including PR, QRS, and QT intervals] after 6 months of treatment with sodium valproate. No significant differences were found in echocardiographic parameters, including blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure [PAP], right ventricular [RV] size, diastolic dysfunction,], Tie index, end-diastolic volume [EDV], ejection fraction [EF], and TAPSE before and after study [p>0.05].
Conclusion:
Administration of sodium valproate over 6 months is not associated with a serious adverse effect on heart function in children with status epilepticus.
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Bach VA, Neininger MP, Spindler UP, Hotopp LC, Hornemann F, Syrbe S, Merkenschlager A, Kiess W, Bernhard MK, Bertsche T, Bertsche A. How do parents perceive adverse drug events of their children's anticonvulsant medication? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:427-433. [PMID: 29475820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main source of knowledge on adverse drug events (ADE) are physicians' reports in controlled clinical trials. In contrast, little is known about the parents' perception of ADE of anticonvulsants their children receive. METHODS After approval by the local ethics committee, we performed a survey in a neuropediatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Based on a structured questionnaire, we interviewed parents of children with current anticonvulsant treatment regarding (i) their fears about potential ADE, (ii) experienced ADE according to parents, and (iii) implications of ADE on the child's life. RESULTS Parents of 150 patients took part in the interview. (i) 95 (63.3%) parents expressed fears concerning ADE, mostly liver injury/liver failure (33 [22%]). (ii) 129 (86%) parents reported experienced ADE, mostly sedation (65 [43.3%]) and abnormal behavior (54 [36%]). (iii) Parents reported substantial implications of ADE on the child's daily life for 84 (56%) children, and 63 (42%) parents expressed a negative impact on the child's development. CONCLUSION We recognized a great discrepancy between those ADE that were feared and those that were experienced. Parents feared life-threatening ADE and experienced less severe ADE that nevertheless have a negative impact on the child's daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Bach
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M P Neininger
- Drug Safety Center and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - U P Spindler
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - L C Hotopp
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Hornemann
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Syrbe
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Merkenschlager
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - W Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M K Bernhard
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Bertsche
- Drug Safety Center and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Bertsche
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Neuropediatrics, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Dispensability of Annual Laboratory Follow-Up After More than 2 Years of Valproic Acid Use: A Systematic Review. CNS Drugs 2017; 31:939-957. [PMID: 29214384 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-017-0479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The necessity of annual laboratory follow-up in patients treated with valproic acid (VPA) is controversial. OBJECTIVE We investigated the need for annual laboratory follow-up of liver enzymes, electrolytes, and full blood count (FBC) in patients treated with VPA. PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic search in Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR), MEDLINE, and EMBASE was undertaken in December 2016 to identify all published articles investigating or citing valproic acid, liver function disorders, electrolyte disorders, and FBC deviations. RESULTS This review included 108 articles. As the number of participants and duration of the study was not adequate in most studies to detect rare adverse events, studies did not demonstrate a clear prevalence of hepatotoxicity. While a transient increase of transaminases is common and seldom harmful, severe hepatotoxicity is a rare phenomenon and is not prevented by routine laboratory monitoring. VPA had no relevant effect on serum calcium, sodium, potassium, and albumin. The prevalence of FBC varied from 0.6 to 27.8%, occurred mostly in the first 2 years of therapy, and was usually asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS Long-term monitoring in VPA treatment is only necessary when there have been dose adjustments, co-medication switches, or co-morbidity. In uncomplicated cases, annual laboratory follow-up may be discontinued after 2 years of VPA treatment. Encouraging patients to be vigilant is more effective in the detection of hepatotoxicity than laboratory testing. Follow-up of FBC at 3-6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after start or after a dose increase of VPA or interacting medication is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Abdallah
- Division of Anesthesiology; Children's National Medical Center; The George Washington University Medical Center; Washington; DC; USA
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Grynnerup A, Fernández IS, Hernández JC, Martínez AD, López JM, García-Alix A. A severe valproate overdose with complete recovery in a newborn. J Child Neurol 2012; 27:1072-6. [PMID: 22433424 DOI: 10.1177/0883073811431497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Valproate overdose, extensively described in adults and older children, has been reported in only 1 newborn: a 26-day-old female who developed a severe cerebral edema leading to a fatal outcome. Therefore, the consequences of valproate overdose are largely unknown in the neonatal period. Here, we present the clinical evolution of a 6-day-old newborn who developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy after the accidental administration of 310 mg/kg of oral valproate in a single dose. Despite the very high valproate and blood ammonia levels, he did not develop life-threatening complications and he completely recovered without sequels. His brain magnetic resonance imaging showed symmetric focal T1 prolonged signals in both globi pallidi that completely resolved over time, a neuroimaging pattern that was not previously described in valproate overdose. Our case report suggests that valproate overdose in newborns can be completely reversible even when the valproate and ammonium blood levels are very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grynnerup
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
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Ding YX, Zou LP, Ma MS, Wang Y, Meng LL, Fang F, Ding CH. Retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of first-line antiepileptic drugs for generalized onset and unclassified epileptic seizures in Chinese children. Childs Nerv Syst 2011; 27:279-84. [PMID: 20689955 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-010-1255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Based on the time until treatment failure, we retrospectively analyzed 389 children to compare the long-term effectiveness of first-line antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in children with generalized onset or unclassified epileptic seizures. METHODS Analyses were based on time until treatment failure and time until remission. RESULTS In terms of time until treatment failure, the failure rates of topiramate and carbamazepine were higher than that of sodium valproate (p < 0.05). For time until 1-year remission, sodium valproate was found to be significantly better than either topiramate or carbamazepine (p < 0.05). For the subgroup with generalized onset epilepsy, sodium valproate was much better than either topiramate or carbamazepine (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between topiramate and carbamazepine (p = 0.319). For unclassified epileptic seizures, no significant differences were found among the three AEDs. CONCLUSION Sodium valproate should be the drug of choice for patients with children with generalized onset, and no significant differences were found among the three AEDs in unclassified epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xue Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Garanito MP, Rothschild C, Camlofski FGL, Cabral E. Valproato de sódio: efeitos colaterais em crianças. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822009000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: O valproato de sódio é um fármaco anticonvulsivante usado com frequência no manejo dos quadros epilépticos refratários na infância e habitualmente apresenta boas taxas de resposta e toxicidade aceitável. O objetivo deste artigo é destacar os efeitos colaterais secundários ao uso prolongado de valproato de sódio em uma criança e alertar para a importância do acompanhamento dos pacientes em uso crônico de anticonvulsivantes. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Criança do sexo masculino, com quatro anos e oito meses, portadora de síndrome de West, em uso de valproato de sódio desde os seis meses de idade, admitida no hospital com anemia, macrocitose, plaquetopenia, deficiência de vitamina B12, hipoalbuminemia e hiponatremia. Durante a internação e o acompanhamento ambulatorial, relacionou-se o quadro clínico ao uso do valproato de sódio. COMENTÁRIOS: A toxicidade hematológica do valproato de sódio é bem conhecida e comum, podendo variar em relação à época de instalação e gravidade. Os achados mais frequentes são a plaquetopenia e a macrocitose. Além das alterações hematológicas, a literatura relata outros efeitos colaterais relacionados ao uso do fármaco. Destaca-se a importância do conhecimento e monitorização dos eventos adversos nos pacientes submetidos a esse tipo de terapia, para que eles possam ser detectados e tratados o mais precocemente.
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Abstract
It is rare to develop simultaneous toxicities while on anticonvulsants. This article presents a 3(1/2)-year-old child on valproic acid, lamotrigine, and phenytoin who developed simultaneous hepatotoxicity and bone marrow toxicity during a parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. These toxicities resolved after the cessation of anticonvulsants, and her seizures were managed acutely with scheduled lorazepam. This article discusses the possibility that simultaneous use of valproic acid, lamotrigine, and phenytoin could give this combination of toxicities and that concurrent viral infection may increase this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Isis R Delima
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Gerstner T, Bell N, König S. Oral valproic acid for epilepsy--long-term experience in therapy and side effects. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:285-92. [PMID: 18201150 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is considered to be a drug of first choice and one of the most frequently-prescribed antiepileptic drugs worldwide for the therapy of generalized and focal epilepsies, including special epileptic. It is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug and is usually well tolerated. Rarely, serious complications may occur in some patients, including hemorrhagic pancreatitis, coagulopathies, bone marrow suppression, VPA-induced hepatotoxicity and encephalopathy, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the incidence and occurrence of these special side effects. Additionally, the consequences for VPA therapy and indication are more or less unclear. By literature review and own data this review addresses some of the challenges of VPA therapy and its side effects, which are not unique to epilepsy in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Gerstner
- University Children's Hospital, Neuropediatric Unit, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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