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El-Mehalmey WA, Latif N, Ibrahim AH, Haikal RR, Mierzejewska P, Smolenski RT, Yacoub MH, Alkordi MH. Nine days extended release of adenosine from biocompatible MOFs under biologically relevant conditions. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1342-1351. [PMID: 35107101 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01519b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a small molecule directly involved in maintaining homeostasis under pathological and stressful conditions. Due to its rapid metabolism, delivery vehicles capable of exhibiting extended release of adenosine are of paramount interest. Herein, we demonstrate a superior long-term (9 days) release profile of adenosine from biocompatible MOFs in a physiologically relevant environment. The key to the biocompatibility of MOFs is their stability under biologically relevant conditions. This study additionally highlights the interplay between the chemical stability of prototypal MOFs, assessed under physiological conditions, and their cytotoxicity profiles. Cytotoxicity of the prototypal Zn-based MOF (ZIF-8) and three Zr-based MOFs (UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, and MOF-801) on six cell types was assessed. The cell types selected were valve interstitial cells (VICs), valve endothelial cells (VECs), adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and cell lines U937, THP1, and HeLa. Zr-based MOFs demonstrated a wide tolerance range in the cell culture cytotoxicity assays, demonstrating cell viability up to a very high dose of ∼1000 μg mL-1, as compared to ZIF-8 which showed notable cytotoxicity in as little as ∼100 μg mL-1 dose. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the utilization of biocompatible MOFs for adenosine delivery as well as establishes a direct link between structural instability in the cell culture medium and the observed cytotoxicity of the studied MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worood A El-Mehalmey
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October, 12578, Giza, Egypt. .,Aswan Heart Center, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Najma Latif
- Magdi Yacoub Institute, Heart Science Centre, Imperial College, Harefield, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ahmed H Ibrahim
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Rana R Haikal
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Aswan Heart Center, Aswan, Egypt.,Magdi Yacoub Institute, Heart Science Centre, Imperial College, Harefield, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Mohamed H Alkordi
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
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2
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Oguro K, Shimazaki K, Yokota H, Onuki Y, Murashima Y, Kawai K, Muramatsu SI. Global brain delivery of neuroligin 2 gene ameliorates seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy. J Gene Med 2021; 24:e3402. [PMID: 34897885 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing availability of effective drugs, around one-third of patients with epilepsy are still resistant to pharmacotherapy. Gene therapy has been suggested as a plausible approach to achieve seizure control, in particular for patients with focal epilepsy. Because seizures develop across wide spans of the brain in many forms of epilepsy, global delivery of the vectors is necessary to tackle such generalized seizures. Neuroligin 2 (NL2) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule that induces or strengthens inhibitory synaptic function by specifically combining with neurexin 1. METHODS In the present study, we applied an adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 9 vector expressing NL2 to modulate neuronal excitability in broad areas of the brain in epileptic (EL) mice, a model of polygene epilepsy. We administered the AAV vector expressing Flag-tagged NL2 under the synapsin I promoter (AAV-NL2) via cardiac injection 6 weeks after birth. RESULTS Significant reductions in the duration, strength and frequency of seizure were observed during a 14-week observation period in NL2-treated EL mice compared to untreated or AAV-green fluorescent protein-treated EL mice. No behavioral abnormality was observed in NL2-treated EL mice in an open-field test. Immunohistochemical examination at 14 weeks after AAV-NL2 injection revealed the expression of exogenous NL2 in broad areas of the brain, including the hippocampus and, in these areas, NL2 co-localized with postsynaptic inhibitory molecule gephyrin. CONCLUSIONS Global brain delivery of NL2 by systemic administration of AAV vector may provide a non-invasive therapeutic approach for generalized epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Oguro
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Shioya Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kuniko Shimazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yokota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Koga Red Cross Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Onuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Murashima
- Divison of Frontier Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Recent advancements to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antiepileptic drugs. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:527-544. [PMID: 36651558 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological disorder characterized by recurrent or unprovoked seizures. Over the past two decades, many new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were developed and are in use for the treatment of epilepsy. However, drug resistance, drug-drug interaction and adverse events are common problems associated with AEDs. Antiepileptic drugs must be used only if the ratio of efficacy, safety, and tolerability of treatment are favorable and outweigh the disadvantages including treatment costs. The application of novel drug delivery techniques could enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of AEDs. These novel techniques aim to deliver an optimal concentration of the drug more specifically to the seizure focus or foci in the CNS without numerous side-effects. The purpose of this article is to review the recent advancements in antiepileptic treatment and summarize the novel modalities in the route of administration and drug delivery, including gene therapy, for effective treatment of epilepsy.
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4
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Löscher W, Friedman A. Structural, Molecular, and Functional Alterations of the Blood-Brain Barrier during Epileptogenesis and Epilepsy: A Cause, Consequence, or Both? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E591. [PMID: 31963328 PMCID: PMC7014122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic, highly selective barrier primarily formed by endothelial cells connected by tight junctions that separate the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid. The endothelial cells lining the brain microvessels are under the inductive influence of neighboring cell types, including astrocytes and pericytes. In addition to the anatomical characteristics of the BBB, various specific transport systems, enzymes and receptors regulate molecular and cellular traffic across the BBB. While the intact BBB prevents many macromolecules and immune cells from entering the brain, following epileptogenic brain insults the BBB changes its properties. Among BBB alterations, albumin extravasation and diapedesis of leucocytes from blood into brain parenchyma occur, inducing or contributing to epileptogenesis. Furthermore, seizures themselves may modulate BBB functions, permitting albumin extravasation, leading to activation of astrocytes and the innate immune system, and eventually modifications of neuronal networks. BBB alterations following seizures are not necessarily associated with enhanced drug penetration into the brain. Increased expression of multidrug efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein likely act as a 'second line defense' mechanism to protect the brain from toxins. A better understanding of the complex alterations in BBB structure and function following seizures and in epilepsy may lead to novel therapeutic interventions allowing the prevention and treatment of epilepsy as well as other detrimental neuro-psychiatric sequelae of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alon Friedman
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlowotski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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5
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Mateus JM, Ribeiro FF, Alonso-Gomes M, Rodrigues RS, Marques JM, Sebastião AM, Rodrigues RJ, Xapelli S. Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis: Relevance of Adenosine for Neuroregeneration in Brain Disorders. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. Mateus
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa F. Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Alonso-Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui S. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M. Marques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J. Rodrigues
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Xie CW, Wang ZZ, Zhang YN, Chen YL, Li RP, Zhang JD. Effect of Interaction between Adenosine and Nitric Oxide on Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:193-203. [PMID: 30927242 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of adenosine (ADO) and nitric oxide (NO) in brain tissues is closely associated with the change of oxygen content. They have contrary effects in the onset of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-induced central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS OT): ADO can suppress the onset, while NO promotes it. We adopted the ADO-augmenting measure and NO-inhibiting measure in this study and found the combined use had a far superior preventive and therapeutic effect in protecting against CNS OT compared with the use of either measure alone. So we hypothesized that there is an interaction between ADO and NO which has an important impact on the onset of CNS OT. On this basis, we administered ADO-augmenting or ADO-inhibiting drugs to rats. After exposure to HBO, the onset of CNS OT was evaluated, followed by the measurement of NO content in brain tissues. In another experiment, rats were administered NO-augmenting or NO-inhibiting drugs. After exposure to HBO, the onset of CNS OT was evaluated, followed by measurement of the activities of ADO metabolism-related enzymes in brain tissues. The results showed that, following ADO augmentation, the content of NO and its metabolite was significantly reduced, and the onset of CNS OT significantly improved. After ADO inhibition, just the opposite was observed. NO promotion resulted in a decrease in the activity of ADO-producing enzyme, an increase in the activity of ADO-decomposing enzyme, and an aggravation in CNS OT. The above results were all reversed after an inhibition in NO content. Studies have shown that exposure to HBO has a significant impact on the content of ADO and NO in brain tissues as well as their biological effects, and ADO and NO might have an intense interaction, which might generate an important effect on the onset of CNS OT. The prophylaxis and treatment effects of CNS OT can be greatly enhanced by augmenting ADO and inhibiting NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Xie
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhong-Zhuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu-Liang Chen
- Nautical and Aviation Medicine Center, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 10048, China
| | - Run-Ping Li
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jun-Dong Zhang
- Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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7
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Vargas-Sánchez K, Mogilevskaya M, Rodríguez-Pérez J, Rubiano MG, Javela JJ, González-Reyes RE. Astroglial role in the pathophysiology of status epilepticus: an overview. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26954-26976. [PMID: 29928494 PMCID: PMC6003549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus is a medical emergency with elevated morbidity and mortality rates, and represents a leading cause of epilepsy-related deaths. Though status epilepticus can occur at any age, it manifests more likely in children and elderly people. Despite the common prevalence of epileptic disorders, a complete explanation for the mechanisms leading to development of self-limited or long lasting seizures (as in status epilepticus) are still lacking. Apart from neurons, research evidence suggests the involvement of immune and glial cells in epileptogenesis. Among glial cells, astrocytes represent an ideal target for the study of the pathophysiology of status epilepticus, due to their key role in homeostatic balance of the central nervous system. During status epilepticus, astroglial cells are activated by the presence of cytokines, damage associated molecular patterns and reactive oxygen species. The persistent activation of astrocytes leads to a decrease in glutamate clearance with a corresponding accumulation in the synaptic extracellular space, increasing the chance of neuronal excitotoxicity. Moreover, major alterations in astrocytic gap junction coupling, inflammation and receptor expression, facilitate the generation of seizures. Astrocytes are also involved in dysregulation of inhibitory transmission in the central nervous system and directly participate in ionic homeostatic alterations during status epilepticus. In the present review, we focus on the functional and structural changes in astrocytic activity that participate in the development and maintenance of status epilepticus, with special attention on concurrent inflammatory alterations. We also include potential astrocytic treatment targets for status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Vargas-Sánchez
- Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - John Rodríguez-Pérez
- Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María G Rubiano
- Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José J Javela
- Grupo de Clínica y Salud Mental, Programa de Psicología, Universidad Católica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E González-Reyes
- Universidad del Rosario, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GI en Neurociencias-NeURos, Bogotá, Colombia
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8
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Wang D, Yu Z, Yan J, Xue F, Ren G, Jiang C, Wang W, Piao Y, Yang X. Photolysis of Caged-GABA Rapidly Terminates Seizures In Vivo: Concentration and Light Intensity Dependence. Front Neurol 2017; 8:215. [PMID: 28572790 PMCID: PMC5435768 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapy of focal epilepsy remains unsatisfactory for as many as 25% of patients. The photolysis of caged-γ-aminobutyric acid (caged-GABA) represents a novel and alternative option for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Our previous experimental results have demonstrated that the use of blue light produced by light-emitting diode to uncage ruthenium-bipyridine-triphenylphosphine-c-GABA (RuBi-GABA) can rapidly terminate paroxysmal seizure activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, the optimal concentration of RuBi-GABA, and the intensity of illumination to abort seizures, remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the optimal anti-seizure effects of RuBi-GABA by using implantable fibers to introduce blue light into the neocortex of a 4-aminopyridine-induced acute seizure model in rats. We then investigated the effects of different combinations of RuBi-GABA concentrations and light intensity upon seizure. Our results show that the anti-seizure effect of RuBi-GABA has obvious concentration and light intensity dependence. This is the first example of using an implantable device for the photolysis of RuBi-GABA in the therapy of neocortical seizure, and an optimal combination of RuBi-GABA concentration and light intensity was explored. These results provide important experimental data for future clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Yu
- Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- College of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fenqin Xue
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Jiang
- Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueshan Piao
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Neuroelectrophysiological Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Continuous bilateral infusion of vigabatrin into the subthalamic nucleus: Effects on seizure threshold and GABA metabolism in two rat models. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:194-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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10
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Differential Expression of Adenosine P1 Receptor ADORA1 and ADORA2A Associated with Glioma Development and Tumor-Associated Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1774-83. [PMID: 27038930 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Level of adenosine, an endogenous astrocyte-based neuromodulator, is primarily regulated by adenosine P1 receptors. This study assessed expression of adenosine P1 receptors, ADORA1 (adenosine A1 receptor) and ADORA2A (adenosine A2a receptor) and their association with glioma development and epilepsy in glioma patients. Expression of ADORA1/ADORA2A was assessed immunohistochemically in 65 surgically removed glioma tissue and 21 peri-tumor tissues and 8 cases of normal brain tissues obtained from hematoma patients with cerebral trauma. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, and qRT-PCR were also used to verify immunohistochemical data. Adenosine P1 receptor ADORA1 and ADORA2A proteins were localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm and ADORA1/ADORA2A immunoreactivity was significantly stronger in glioma and peri-tumor tissues that contained infiltrating tumor cells than in normal brain tissues (p < 0.05). The World Health Organization (WHO) grade III gliomas expressed even higher level of ADORA1 and ADORA2A. Western blot and qRT-PCR confirmed immunohistochemical data. Moreover, higher levels of ADORA1 and ADORA2A expression occurred in high-grade gliomas, in which incidence of epilepsy were lower (p < 0.05). In contrast, a lower level of ADORA1/ADORA2A expression was found in peri-tumor tissues with tumor cell presence from patients with epilepsy compared to patients without epilepsy (p < 0.05). The data from the current study indicates that dysregulation in ADORA1/ADORA2A expression was associated with glioma development, whereas low level of ADORA1/ADORA2A expression could increase susceptibility of tumor-associated epilepsy.
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11
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Miranda MF, Hamani C, de Almeida ACG, Amorim BO, Macedo CE, Fernandes MJS, Nobrega JN, Aarão MC, Madureira AP, Rodrigues AM, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Mello LE, Covolan L. Role of adenosine in the antiepileptic effects of deep brain stimulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:312. [PMID: 25324724 PMCID: PMC4183090 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of anterior thalamic nucleus (AN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of epilepsy, mechanisms responsible for the antiepileptic effects of this therapy remain elusive. As adenosine modulates neuronal excitability and seizure activity in animal models, we hypothesized that this nucleoside could be one of the substrates involved in the effects of AN DBS. We applied 5 days of stimulation to rats rendered chronically epileptic by pilocarpine injections and recorded epileptiform activity in hippocampal slices. We found that slices from animals given DBS had reduced hippocampal excitability and were less susceptible to develop ictal activity. In live animals, AN DBS significantly increased adenosine levels in the hippocampus as measured by microdialysis. The reduced excitability of DBS in vitro was completely abolished in animals pre-treated with A1 receptor antagonists and was strongly potentiated by A1 receptor agonists. We conclude that some of the antiepileptic effects of DBS may be mediated by adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa F Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Clement Hamani
- Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil ; Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto Toronto, Canada
| | - Antônio-Carlos G de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Beatriz O Amorim
- Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Macedo
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José S Fernandes
- Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José N Nobrega
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Canada
| | - Mayra C Aarão
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Madureira
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Mello
- Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciene Covolan
- Disciplina de Neurofisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Dong C, Zhao W, Li W, Lv P, Dong X. Anti-epileptic effects of neuropeptide Y gene transfection into the rat brain. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1307-15. [PMID: 25206425 PMCID: PMC4107651 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.14.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y gene transfection into normal rat brain tissue can provide gene overexpression, which can attenuate the severity of kainic acid-induced seizures. In this study, a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying the neuropeptide Y gene was transfected into brain tissue of rats with kainic acid-induced epilepsy through stereotactic methods. Following these transfections, we verified overexpression of the neuropeptide Y gene in the epileptic brain. Electroencephalograms showed that seizure severity was significantly inhibited and seizure latency was significantly prolonged up to 4 weeks after gene transfection. Moreover, quantitative fluorescent PCR and western blot assays revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B was inhibited in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. These findings indicate that neuropeptide Y may inhibit seizures via down-regulation of the functional expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Dong
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China ; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wenling Li
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiufang Dong
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai 054000, Hebei Province, China
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Krol S, Macrez R, Docagne F, Defer G, Laurent S, Rahman M, Hajipour MJ, Kehoe PG, Mahmoudi M. Therapeutic Benefits from Nanoparticles: The Potential Significance of Nanoscience in Diseases with Compromise to the Blood Brain Barrier. Chem Rev 2012; 113:1877-903. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200472g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Krol
- Fondazione IRCCS Institute of Neurology “Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Macrez
- Inserm U919, University Caen Basse Normandie, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Inserm U919, University Caen Basse Normandie, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
| | - Gilles Defer
- Inserm U919, University Caen Basse Normandie, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau, 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Masoud Rahman
- Laboratory of NanoBio Interactions , Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad J. Hajipour
- Laboratory of NanoBio Interactions , Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Patrick G. Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, John James Laboratories, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, U.K
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of NanoBio Interactions , Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Current address: School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Thauerer B, Zur Nedden S, Baier-Bitterlich G. Purine nucleosides: endogenous neuroprotectants in hypoxic brain. J Neurochem 2012; 121:329-42. [PMID: 22335456 PMCID: PMC3499684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even a short blockade of oxygen flow in brain may lead to the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and depletion of cellular ATP, which results in profound deficiencies in cellular function. Following ischemia, dying, injured, and hypoxic cells release soluble purine-nucleotide and -nucleoside pools. Growing evidence suggests that purine nucleosides might act as trophic factors in the CNS and PNS. In addition to equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) regulating purine nucleoside concentrations intra- and extracellularly, specific extracellular receptor subtypes for these compounds are expressed on neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, mediating stunningly diverse effects. Such effects range from induction of cell differentiation, apoptosis, mitogenesis, and morphogenetic changes, to stimulation of synthesis and/or release of cytokines and neurotrophic factors under both physiological and pathological conditions. Multiple signaling pathways regulate the critical balance between cell death and survival in hypoxia-ischemia. A convergent pathway for the regulation of multiple modalities involved in O₂ sensing is the mitogen activated protein kinase (p42/44 MAPK) or (ERK1/2 extracellular signal-regulated kinases) pathway terminating in a variety of transcription factors, for example, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. In this review, the coherence of purine nucleoside-related pathways and MAPK activation in the endogenous neuroprotective regulation of the nervous system's development and neuroplasticity under hypoxic stress will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Thauerer
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter Department, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Boon PA. Antiepileptic drug treatment 2011; current limitations and future perspectives. Seizure 2011; 20:357-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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