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Jung SY, Yi YY, Kang JW. Once-Daily Extended-Release Levetiracetam Improves Medication Compliance in Adolescent Epilepsy Patients. ANNALS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26815/acn.2020.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Lafrenaye A, Mondello S, Povlishock J, Gorse K, Walker S, Hayes R, Wang K, Kochanek PM. Operation Brain Trauma Therapy: An Exploratory Study of Levetiracetam Treatment Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Micro Pig. Front Neurol 2021; 11:586958. [PMID: 33584493 PMCID: PMC7874167 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.586958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Operation brain trauma therapy (OBTT) is a drug- and biomarker-screening consortium intended to improve the quality of preclinical studies and provide a rigorous framework to increase the translational potential of experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatments. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic agent that was the fifth drug tested by OBTT in three independent rodent models of moderate to severe TBI. To date, LEV has been the most promising drug tested by OBTT and was therefore advanced to testing in the pig. Adult male micro pigs were subjected to a mild central fluid percussion brain injury followed by a post-injury intravenous infusion of either 170 mg/kg LEV or vehicle. Systemic physiology was assessed throughout the post-injury period. Serial serum samples were obtained pre-injury as well as at 1 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h post-injury for a detailed analysis of the astroglial biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1. Tissue was collected 6 h following injury for histological assessment of diffuse axonal injury using antibodies against the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The animals showed significant increases in circulating GFAP levels from baseline to 6 h post-injury; however, LEV treatment was associated with greater GFAP increases compared to the vehicle. There were no differences in the numbers of APP+ axonal swellings within the pig thalamus with LEV treatment; however, significant alterations in the morphological properties of the APP+ axonal swellings, including reduced swelling area and increased swelling roundness, were observed. Additionally, expression of the neurite outgrowth marker, growth-associated protein 43, was reduced in axonal swellings following LEV treatment, suggesting potential effects on axonal outgrowth that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lafrenaye
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - John Povlishock
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Karen Gorse
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Susan Walker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ronald Hayes
- Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, FL, United States
| | - Kevin Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Center for Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Huprines — an insight into the synthesis and biological properties. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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