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Zierath DK, Davidson S, Manoukian J, Knox KM, White HS, Meeker S, Ericsson A, Barker-Haliski M. Diet composition and sterilization modifies intestinal microbiome diversity and burden of Theiler's virus infection-induced acute seizures. Epilepsia 2024; 65:1777-1790. [PMID: 38491947 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in C57BL/6J mice can induce acquired epileptogenesis. Diet alters acute seizure incidence in TMEV-infected mice; yet it is unclear whether intestinal dysbiosis may also impact acute or chronic behavioral comorbidities. This study thus assessed the impact of diet formulation and sterilization on acute seizure presentation, gut microbiome composition, and epilepsy-related chronic behavioral comorbidities. METHODS Baseline fecal samples were collected from male C57BL/6J mice (4- to 5-weeks-old; Jackson Labs) upon facility arrival. Mice were randomized to either autoclaved (AC) or irradiated diet (IR) (Prolab RMH 3000) or IR (Picolab 5053). Three days later, mice underwent intracerebral TMEV or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection. Fecal samples were collected from a subset of mice at infection (Day 0) and Day 7 post-infection. Epilepsy-related working memory deficits and seizure threshold were assessed 6 weeks post-infection. Gut microbiome diversity was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of fecal samples. RESULTS TMEV-infected mice displayed acute handling-induced seizures, regardless of diet: 28 of 57 IR Picolab 5053 (49.1%), 30 of 41 IR Prolab RMH 3000 (73.2%), and 47 of 77 AC Prolab RMH 3000 (61%) mice displayed seizures. The number of observed seizures differed significantly by diet: IR Picolab 5053 diet-fed mice had 2.2 ± 2.8 seizures (mean ± standard deviation), IR Prolab RMH 3000 diet-fed mice had 3.5 ± 2.9 seizures, and AC Prolab RMH 3000 diet-fed mice had 4.4 ± 3.8 seizures during the 7-day monitoring period. Gut microbiome composition differed significantly in TMEV-infected mice fed the AC Prolab RMH 3000 diet, with measured differences in gram-positive bacteria. These mice also displayed worsened long-term working memory deficits. SIGNIFICANCE Diet-induced differences in intestinal dysbiosis in the TMEV model are associated with marked changes in acute seizure presentation, symptomatic recovery, and onset of chronic behavioral comorbidities of epilepsy. Our study reveals a novel disease-modifying impact of dietary manipulation on intestinal bacterial species after TMEV-induced acute seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle K Zierath
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie Davidson
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Manoukian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin M Knox
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - H Steve White
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stacey Meeker
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Melissa Barker-Haliski
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Li X, Li J, Ji J, Li S, Yao X, Fan H, Yao R. Gut microbiota modification by diosgenin mediates antiepileptic effects in a mouse model of epilepsy. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 38115597 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a natural steroid saponin, holds promise as a multitarget therapeutic for various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions. Its efficacy in slowing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke progression has been demonstrated. However, the role of diosgenin in anti-epilepsy and its potential connection to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota remain poorly understood. In this study, exogenous diosgenin significantly mitigated pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, learning and memory deficits, and hippocampal neuronal injury. 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing revealed a reversal in the decrease of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides genera in the PTZ-induced mouse epileptic model following diosgenin treatment. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments illustrated the involvement of diosgenin in modulating gut microbiota and providing neuroprotection against epilepsy. Our results further indicated the repression of enteric glial cells (EGCs) activation and the TLR4-MyD88 pathway, coupled with reduced production of inflammatory cytokines in the colonic lumen, and improved intestinal barrier function in epilepsy mice treated with diosgenin or FMT. This study suggests that diosgenin plays a role in modifying gut microbiota, contributing to the alleviation of intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation, ultimately inhibiting epilepsy progression in a PTZ-induced mouse model. Diosgenin emerges as a potential therapeutic option for managing epilepsy and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Ji
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Saisai Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yao
- Rehabilitation Therapy, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zierath DK, Davidson S, Manoukian J, White HS, Meeker S, Ericsson A, Barker-Haliski M. Diet composition and sterilization modifies intestinal microbiome diversity and burden of Theiler's virus infection-induced acute seizures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.17.562694. [PMID: 37905123 PMCID: PMC10614857 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Central nervous system infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in C57BL/6J mice can model acquired epileptogenesis. Diet alters the acute seizure incidence in TMEV-infected mice; yet it is unclear whether intestinal dysbiosis may also impact acute or chronic behavioral comorbidities. This study thus assessed the impact of diet sterilization in a specific pathogen-free vivarium on acute seizure presentation, the composition of the gut microbiome, and chronic behavioral comorbidities of epilepsy. Methods Baseline fecal samples were collected from male C57BL/6J mice (4-5 weeks-old; Jackson Labs) upon arrival. Mice were randomized to either autoclaved (AC) or irradiated (IR) diet (Prolab RMH 3000 - UU diets) or IR (Picolab 5053 - UW IR diet). Mice then underwent intracerebral TMEV or PBS injection three days later. Fecal samples were collected from a subset of mice at infection (Day 0) and Day 7 post-infection. Epilepsy-related working memory deficits and seizure threshold were assessed 6 weeks post-infection. Gut microbiome diversity was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of fecal samples. Results TMEV-infected mice displayed acute handling-induced seizures, regardless of diet: 28/57 UW IR (49.1%), 30/41 UU IR (73.2%), and 47/77 UU AC (61%) mice displayed seizures. The number of observed seizures significantly differed: UW IR mice had 2.2±2.8 seizures (mean±standard deviation), UU IR mice had 3.5±2.9 seizures, and UU AC mice had 4.4±3.8 seizures during the 7-day monitoring period. The composition of the gut microbiome significantly differed in TMEV-infected mice fed the UU AC diet, with most measured differences occurring in Gram-positive bacteria. TMEV-infected mice fed the UU AC diet displayed worsened chronic working memory. Significance Intestinal dysbiosis evokes stark differences in acute seizure presentation in the TMEV model and vastly influences the trajectory of post-TMEV infection-induced behavioral comorbidities of epilepsy. Our study reveals a novel disease-modifying contribution of intestinal bacterial species after TMEV-induced acute seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle K. Zierath
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephanie Davidson
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan Manoukian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - H. Steve White
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Stacey Meeker
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Aaron Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Schmidt T, Meller S, Meyerhoff N, Twele F, Zanghi B, Volk HA. A six-month prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover, dietary trial design to investigate the potential of psychobiotics on seizure semiology and comorbidities in canine epilepsy: study protocol. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:57. [PMID: 36864510 PMCID: PMC9983181 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in dogs. More than two-thirds of these patients suffer from associated behavioural comorbidities. The latter could have their origin in partially overlapping pathomechanisms, with the intestinal microbiome as a potential key link between them. The current arsenal of drugs for epilepsy management remains limited. Most canine patients continue to have seizures despite treatment and the occurrence of comorbidities is not sufficiently addressed, limiting quality of life of affected dogs and owners. Therefore, novel additional epilepsy management options are urgently needed. The microbiome-gut-brain axis may serve as a new target for the development of innovative multimodal therapeutic approaches to overcome current shortcomings in epilepsy management. METHODS A six-month prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover, dietary trial was designed to investigate the potential of the psychobiotic Bifidobacterium longum on behavioural comorbidities in canine epilepsy. Seizure semiology will be evaluated as a secondary outcome measure. Thirty-four privately owned dogs are planned to be included in the ongoing study meeting the following inclusion criteria: Dogs displaying increased anxiety/fear behaviour since the start of the idiopathic epilepsy. Tier II confidence level of the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force for the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy, with a maximum seizure interval of 3 month and a minimum of three generalised seizures within that period and chronically treated with at least one antiseizure drug without improvement in seizure frequency Each dog will receive the allocated supplement (probiotic vs. placebo) alongside its normal diet for a 3-month period. After a three-week wash out period, the second phase starts by administering the respective other supplement for another 3 months. DISCUSSION The current study considers modern high-quality standards for epilepsy medication trials. Common biasing effects should be limited to a possible minimum (regression-to-the mean effect, placebo effect, observer effect), ensuring a high validity and accuracy of the acquired results, thus enabling a representative nature of the efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum as add-on supplement for dogs suffering from epilepsy and its comorbidities. This publication should provide a description of the study procedure and data acquisition methods, including prognosed statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Schmidt
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meller
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Meyerhoff
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Twele
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Brian Zanghi
- Research and Development, Nestlé Purina PetCare, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Holger Andreas Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany. .,Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Charalambous M, Fischer A, Potschka H, Walker MC, Raedt R, Vonck K, Boon P, Lohi H, Löscher W, Worrell G, Leeb T, McEvoy A, Striano P, Kluger G, Galanopoulou AS, Volk HA, Bhatti SFM. Translational veterinary epilepsy: A win-win situation for human and veterinary neurology. Vet J 2023; 293:105956. [PMID: 36791876 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.105956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a challenging multifactorial disorder with a complex genetic background. Our current understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of epilepsy has substantially increased due to animal model studies, including canine studies, but additional basic and clinical research is required. Drug-resistant epilepsy is an important problem in both dogs and humans, since seizure freedom is not achieved with the available antiseizure medications. The evaluation and exploration of pharmacological and particularly non-pharmacological therapeutic options need to remain a priority in epilepsy research. Combined efforts and sharing knowledge and expertise between human medical and veterinary neurologists are important for improving the treatment outcomes or even curing epilepsy in dogs. Such interactions could offer an exciting approach to translate the knowledge gained from people and rodents to dogs and vice versa. In this article, a panel of experts discusses the similarities and knowledge gaps in human and animal epileptology, with the aim of establishing a common framework and the basis for future translational epilepsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Charalambous
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany.
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3JD, UK
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- Department of Neurology, 4brain, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- Department of Neurology, 4brain, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- Department of Neurology, 4brain, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, and Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | | | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Andrew McEvoy
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3JD, UK
| | - Pasquale Striano
- IRCCS 'G. Gaslini', Genova 16147, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gerhard Kluger
- Research Institute, Rehabilitation, Transition-Palliation', PMU Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria; Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurorehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schoen Clinic Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth 83569, Germany
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Saul R Korey Department of Neurology, Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Holger A Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Sofie F M Bhatti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Department, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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Gabrielsson A, Tromans S, Watkins L, Burrows L, Laugharne R, Shankar R. Poo Matters! A scoping review of impact of constipation on epilepsy. Seizure 2023; 108:127-136. [PMID: 37146516 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder which frequently presents with co-morbid physical health conditions, including constipation. However, the nature of the relationship between the two conditions has not been well defined. AIM To quantify constipation's relationship with epilepsy and anti-seizure medication (ASM). METHOD A scoping review registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022320079) with suitable search terms was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidance. CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo and MEDLINE electronic databases were searched by an information specialist. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools alongside the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM) levels of evidence were used to assist in assessing relevance, quality, and results of the included publications. RESULTS Nine articles selected for inclusion in the review. The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (including constipation) was reported to be up to five times more frequent in people with epilepsy (PWE). Functional constipation was reported in 36% of PWE. Constipation was found to be the second most common co-morbid condition in children with epilepsy. Two studies found constipation to precede seizures. Constipation was reported as a common side effect of ASMs in PWE. Two studies rated OCEBM level 2 the remaining level 3. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a higher prevalence of constipation in PWE. Co-occurring multimorbidity and resulting polypharmacy adds further complexity to the process of establishing aetiology of constipation in PWE. Potential contributory aetiological factors for constipation such as neurodevelopmental and genetic disorders, ASM side effects and the epilepsy itself require better understanding and research.
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Potential relationship between Tourette syndrome and gut microbiome. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:11-16. [PMID: 35914739 PMCID: PMC9875241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this article, the author aims to discuss and review the relationship between gut microbiota and Tourette syndrome, and whether the change in gut microbiota can affect the severity of Tourette syndrome. SOURCES Literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was mainly reviewed. Both original studies and review articles were discussed. The articles were required to be published as of May 2022. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Current studies on the gut microbiome have found that the gut microbiome and brain seem to interact. It is named the brain-gut-axis. The relationship between the brain-gut axis and neurological and psychiatric disorders has been a topic of intense interest. Tourette syndrome is a chronic neurological disease that seriously affects the quality of life of children, and there appears to be an increase in Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroides in the gut of patients with Tourette syndrome. After clinical observation and animal experiments, there appear to be particular gut microbiota changes in Tourette syndrome. It provides a new possible idea for the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Probiotics and fecal microbial transplantation have been tried to treat Tourette syndrome, especially Tourette syndrome which is not sensitive to drugs, and some results have been achieved. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between gut microbiota and Tourette syndrome and how to alleviate Tourette syndrome by improving gut microbiota are new topics, more in-depth and larger sample size research is still needed.
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Fusco F, Perottoni S, Giordano C, Riva A, Iannone LF, De Caro C, Russo E, Albani D, Striano P. The microbiota‐gut‐brain axis and epilepsy from a multidisciplinary perspective: clinical evidence and technological solutions for improvement of
in vitro
preclinical models. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10296. [PMID: 35600638 PMCID: PMC9115712 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fusco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, materiali e ingegneria chimica "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Simone Perottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, materiali e ingegneria chimica "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, materiali e ingegneria chimica "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genova Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Università degli Studi di Genova Genova Italy
| | | | - Carmen De Caro
- Science of Health Department Magna Graecia University Catanzaro Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department Magna Graecia University Catanzaro Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genova Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Università degli Studi di Genova Genova Italy
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Ceccarani C, Viganò I, Ottaviano E, Redaelli MG, Severgnini M, Vignoli A, Borghi E. Is Gut Microbiota a Key Player in Epilepsy Onset? A Longitudinal Study in Drug-Naive Children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:749509. [PMID: 34926315 PMCID: PMC8677705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.749509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota alterations have been recently investigated in individuals with epilepsy and in other neurological diseases as environmental factors that play a role, by acting through the gut-brain axis, in the pathological process. Most studies focus on the contribution of bacterial communities in refractory epilepsy and suggest a beneficial role of ketogenic diet in modulating the gut microbiota and seizure occurrence. However, they do not evaluate whether epilepsy itself alters the gut microbiota in these patients or if the gut microbial communities could contribute as a seizure trigger. In this pilot study, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing and investigated the gut microbial communities of eight children at their seizure onset and after anti-seizure was started (one year follow-up) and we compared microbial data with seven healthy children, age- and sex-matched. In drug-naive subjects, we observed a microbial signature that shared several features with those reported in refractory epilepsy, such as an increased abundance in Akkermansia spp. and Proteobacteria and a decreased relative abundance in Faecalibacterium spp.We suggest that a bacterial-mediated proinflammatory milieu could contribute to seizure occurrence in children with new onset of epilepsy, as already reported for individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy, and that it could vary during treatment in those who are drug-responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ceccarani
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Ilaria Viganò
- Epilepsy Centre, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Gaia Redaelli
- Epilepsy Centre, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano (ASST GOM) Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Microbiota-gut-brain axis: A novel potential target of ketogenic diet for epilepsy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:36-41. [PMID: 34607252 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD) has been used to the control of seizure for 100 years because it was developed for the treatment of epilepsy in 1921. Based on current research on the microbiota-gut-brain axis to explore the new communication tool between gut bacteria and the brain and the progress of microbiota-gut-brain axis and KD for the treatment of epilepsy, the role of neurotransmitters adenosine and γ-aminobutyric acid in the epileptic brain, we propose that the balance between beneficial and harmful bacteria in the gut microbiota would be a promising target in the future to underlying the working mechanism of KD for epilepsy.
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The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105840. [PMID: 34450312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain suggesting that the gut microbes may shape neural development, modulate neurotransmission and affect behavior, and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis and/or progression of many neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurological conditions. This review summarizes recent data on the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and epilepsy. Also, the involvement of microbiota in gut disorders co-existing with neuropsychiatric conditions is highlighted. We discuss data from both in vivo preclinical experiments and clinical reports including: (1) studies in germ-free animals, (2) studies exploring the gut microbiota composition in animal models of diseases or in humans, (3) studies evaluating the effects of probiotic, prebiotic or antibiotic treatment as well as (4) the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Yacubian EÁ, Carrizosa J, Cavalheiro EA. Introduction to the special issue. Seizure 2021; 90:1-3. [PMID: 34215509 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elza Árcia Yacubian
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime Carrizosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Titular Professor University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Esper A Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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