1
|
Pindi Sala T, Matondo Masisa D, Crave JC, Belmokhtar C, LeNy G, Situakibanza H, Duracinsky M, Cherin P, Chassany O. Contribution of Flexig mobile application to assess adherence of patients treated with immunoglobulins in chronic diseases. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100173. [PMID: 37915723 PMCID: PMC10616388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Long-term therapeutic adherence remains an essential challenge for better management of chronic diseases. It is estimated at 50% in developed countries. Objective The study aimed to evaluate, under real conditions, the influence of satisfaction with Flexig use on adherence to subcutaneous immunoglobulin home-treatment therapy in a sample of French patients with chronic dysimmune diseases. Methods This is a 2-year prospective cohort involving 241 patients from several hospitals in France whose data were extracted from the Flexig 2.0 mHealth application. Satisfaction was assessed by System Usability Scale (SUS) and user experience by User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Adherence to Ig therapy was assessed by medication possession rate. We analyzed the relationship between Flexig user satisfaction and adherence to treatment, as well as determinants of adherence. Results Most patients (82.7%) were being treated for an immunodeficiency, versus 17.3% for a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Almost all patients (97.9%) received subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy. The patients' ages (means ± SDs) were 36.5 ± 18.3 years, disease duration was about 6 years, and 58.5% were men. Flexig user satisfaction was 76.2 ± 8 (System Usability Scale), associated with good user experience reported on UEQ. Adherence rate was 99.7%. Time on app, disease duration, and Flexig user satisfaction were statistically predictive of adherence to IgG therapy. High adherence to Ig therapy was associated with good satisfaction with using Flexig (P < .0001). Conclusion Adherence to Ig therapy in chronic dysimmune disease was strong and was associated with good satisfaction among Flexig users, suggesting that electronic support may be a valuable compliance aid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Pindi Sala
- ECEVE, UMR-S 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, F-75004, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Hippolyte Situakibanza
- Département de Médecine Interne, Département de Médecine Tropical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Martin Duracinsky
- ECEVE, UMR-S 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, F-75004, Paris, France
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Research (PROQOL), Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé (URC-ECO), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Cherin
- Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chassany
- ECEVE, UMR-S 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, F-75004, Paris, France
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Research (PROQOL), Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé (URC-ECO), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chua CG, Low JZ, Lim WY, Manghani M. Characteristics of anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis patients in Singapore. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2022. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2022278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the clinical profile and outcome of anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma autoantibody (anti-TIF1-γ Ab)-positive dermatomyositis patients and propose cancer screening programmes based on regional cancer trends.
Method: Data on history, physical findings and investigations were collected using chart review on dermatomyositis patients seen at a tertiary hospital in Singapore from 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2021. Comparisons were made between anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive and anti-TIF1-γ Ab-negative dermatomyositis.
Results: Ninety-six dermatomyositis patients were analysed and 36 patients were positive for anti-TIF1-γ Ab. Anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive patients had more frequent heliotrope rashes, shawl sign, periungual erythema, holster sign, Gottron’s papules, dysphagia and truncal weakness (P<0.05). They had less frequent interstitial lung disease, polyarthritis, cutaneous ulcers, palmar papules and mechanic’s hands (P<0.05). After 48 months of follow-up, a higher proportion of anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive patients developed cancer compared with Ab-negative patients (63.9% versus 8.5%; odds ratio 19.1, 95% confidence interval 6.1–59.8; P<0.001). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and breast cancer were the most common malignancies, followed by bowel, lung and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Most malignancies (78.3%) occurred within 13 months prior to, or 4 months after the onset of dermatomyositis. The mortality rate for anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive patients was significantly higher than Ab-negative patients (36.1% vs 16.7%, P=0.031), and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at 24 months were 66% and 89%, respectively (P=0.0153).
Conclusion: These observational data support periodic screening of NPC and other malignancies in patients with anti-TIF1-γ Ab-positive dermatomyositis in Singapore.
Keywords: Autoantibody, cancer, dermatomyositis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang N, Han X, Hao S, Han J, Zhou X, Sun S, Tang J, Lu Y, Wu H, Ma S, Song X, Ji G. The clinical, myopathological, and molecular characteristics of 26 Chinese patients with dysferlinopathy: a high proportion of misdiagnosis and novel variants. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:398. [PMID: 36319958 PMCID: PMC9623978 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysferlinopathy is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy caused by pathogenic variants in the dysferlin (DYSF) gene. This disease shows heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and genetic characteristics. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and pathological data as well as the molecular characteristics of 26 Chinese patients with dysferlinopathy screened by immunohistochemistry staining and pathogenic variants in DYSF genes. RESULTS Among 26 patients with dysferlinopathy, 18 patients (69.2%) presented as Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type R2 (LGMD R2), 4 (15.4%) had a phenotype of Miyoshi myopathy (MM), and 4 (15.4%) presented as asymptomatic hyperCKemia. Fifteen patients (57.7%) were originally misdiagnosed as inflammatory myopathy or other diseases. Fifteen novel variants were identified among the 40 variant sites identified in this cohort. CONCLUSION Dysferlinopathy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders with various phenotypes, a high proportion of novel variants, and a high rate of misdiagnosis before immunohistochemistry staining and genetic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengpu Hao
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingzhe Han
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Shuyan Sun
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Tang
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanpeng Lu
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongran Wu
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaojuan Ma
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Song
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Ji
- grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, 050000 Shijiazhuang, Hebei People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Segú-Vergés C, Caño S, Calderón-Gómez E, Bartra H, Sardon T, Kaveri S, Terencio J. Systems biology and artificial intelligence analysis highlights the pleiotropic effect of IVIg therapy in autoimmune diseases with a predominant role on B cells and complement system. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901872. [PMID: 36248801 PMCID: PMC9563374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used as treatment for several autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, but its specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, we aimed to evaluate, using systems biology and artificial intelligence techniques, the differences in the pathophysiological pathways of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions that show diverse responses to IVIg treatment. We also intended to determine the targets of IVIg involved in the best treatment response of the evaluated diseases. Our selection and classification of diseases was based on a previously published systematic review, and we performed the disease characterization through manual curation of the literature. Furthermore, we undertook the mechanistic evaluation with artificial neural networks and pathway enrichment analyses. A set of 26 diseases was selected, classified, and compared. Our results indicated that diseases clearly benefiting from IVIg treatment were mainly characterized by deregulated processes in B cells and the complement system. Indeed, our results show that proteins related to B-cell and complement system pathways, which are targeted by IVIg, are involved in the clinical response. In addition, targets related to other immune processes may also play an important role in the IVIg response, supporting its wide range of actions through several mechanisms. Although B-cell responses and complement system have a key role in diseases benefiting from IVIg, protein targets involved in such processes are not necessarily the same in those diseases. Therefore, IVIg appeared to have a pleiotropic effect that may involve the collaborative participation of several proteins. This broad spectrum of targets and 'non-specificity' of IVIg could be key to its efficacy in very different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Caño
- Grifols Innovation and New Technologies (GIANT) Ltd., Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Helena Bartra
- Health Department, Anaxomics Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Sardon
- Health Department, Anaxomics Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Srini Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - José Terencio
- Grifols Innovation and New Technologies (GIANT) Ltd., Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng R, Glaubitz S, Schmidt J. Antibody Therapies in Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathies: Promising Treatment Options. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:911-921. [PMID: 35394612 PMCID: PMC9294121 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory myopathies, including polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), inclusion body myositis (IBM), necrotizing myopathy (NM), antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) and overlap myositis (OM), in short myositis, are rare diseases. All forms of myositis have progressive muscle weakness in common, with each subtype characterized by different autoantibody profiles, histological findings and extramuscular manifestations. Due to better understanding of the pathogenesis of the muscle inflammation in myositis, new molecular pathways for targeted therapy have been discovered. Current therapies aim at different components of the innate or the adaptive immune response. Additionally, non-inflammatory mechanisms in myositis have come into focus as possible treatment targets. The use of therapeutical antibodies in myositis has been examined in various clinical studies, several of them randomized controlled ones: Depletion of B-cells by rituximab has been established as treatment of refractory myositis. IVIG, an antibody therapy in the wider sense, has now been licensed for DM following a recent positive clinical trial. Negative study results were reported in randomized trials with infliximab, sifalimumab and bimagrumab. Studies on basiliximab and eculizumab are currently underway, and are expected to yield results in a couple of years. Despite some promising results of clinical studies with antibody therapy in myositis, further research is crucial to optimize the treatment for this debilitating disease and to find treatment alternatives for treatment-refractory patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zeng
- Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Glaubitz
- Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, University Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kodumudi V, Bibb LA, Adalsteinsson JA, Shahriari N, Skudalski L, Santiago S, Grant-Kels JM, Lu J. Emerging Therapeutics in the Management of Connective Tissue Disease. Part II. Dermatomyositis and Scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:21-38. [PMID: 35202777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The management of connective tissue diseases is dramatically evolving with the advent of biologics and novel oral systemic therapeutics. Despite involvement in the care of these complex patients, there is a knowledge gap in the field of dermatology regarding these emerging agents. The second article in this continuing medical education series discusses new and emerging therapeutics for dermatomyositis and scleroderma that target cells, intracellular signaling pathways, and cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kodumudi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Lorin A Bibb
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Neda Shahriari
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sueheidi Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng R, Glaubitz S, Schmidt J. Inflammatory myopathies: shedding light on promising agents and combination therapies in clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1125-1140. [PMID: 34779311 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.2003776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to new insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies - in short myositis - and the urgent need for new treatment options in patients who are refractory to standard therapy, multiple novel drugs have been developed and studied in clinical trials. In light of this exciting development, a critical evaluation of the present data is necessary in order to identify the best pathway to future treatment of inflammatory myopathies. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the current evidence from clinical trials in myositis and encompasses dermatomyositis, polymyositis, necrotizing myopathy, antisynthetase-syndrome, overlap myositis, and inclusion body myositis. The results of studies on new therapeutic agents are summarized, in particular larger cohort studies and randomized trials from recent years. When such data were not available, earlier and smaller representative studies were included instead. EXPERT OPINION Current studies in most myositis subtypes have shown positive effects of novel biologicals such as abatacept, sifalimumab, JAK-Inhibitors as well as known agents such as rituximab, but further studies are needed to confirm these observations. In inclusion body myositis, the eagerly awaited recent therapeutic trials have missed their primary endpoints, except for the phase 2 study with rapamycin, which has demonstrated significant improvements in secondary endpoints. Future trials will also need to focus on combination therapies of multiple immunomodulatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zeng
- Muscle Immunobiology Group, Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Glaubitz
- Muscle Immunobiology Group, Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Muscle Immunobiology Group, Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, University Hospital of the Medical School Brandenburg, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Glaubitz S, Zeng R, Rakocevic G, Schmidt J. Update on Myositis Therapy: from Today's Standards to Tomorrow's Possibilities. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:863-880. [PMID: 34781868 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211115165353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory myopathies, in short, myositis, are heterogeneous disorders that are characterized by inflammation of skeletal muscle and weakness of arms and legs. Research over the past few years has led to a new understanding regarding the pathogenesis of myositis. The new insights include different pathways of the innate and adaptive immune response during the pathogenesis of myositis. The importance of non-inflammatory mechanisms such as cell stress and impaired autophagy has been recently described. New target-specific drugs for myositis have been developed and are currently being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action of pharmacological standards in myositis and provide an outlook of future treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Glaubitz
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen. Germany
| | - Rachel Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen. Germany
| | - Goran Rakocevic
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. United States
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen. Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benvenuto S, Gortani G, Bussani R, Poropat F, Murru FM, Carrozzi M, Tommasini A, Taddio A. Severe onset of inflammatory myositis in a child: think to paraneoplastic myositis. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:146. [PMID: 34210321 PMCID: PMC8252287 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIMs) are a group of heterogenous, acquired, autoimmune disorders that affect the muscle. While the association between IIMs and malignancy has been widely reported in adults, cancer-associated myositis (CAM) is rare in children, so that routine malignancy screening is not generally performed. This report shows a case of severe CAM in a child. Case presentation An 11-years-old girl presented with worsening dyspnea after a 3-weeks history of progressive proximal weakness, myalgia, dysphagia, and weight loss. Her past history was remarkable for a type I Arnold-Chiari malformation associated with an anterior sacral meningocele. Physical examination showed severe hypotony and hypotrophy. Pulse oximetry and blood test showed a type II respiratory failure (SpO2 88%, pCO2 68 mmHg) and increased muscle enzyme levels (CPK 8479 U/L, AST 715 U/L, ALT 383 U/L, LDH 1795 U/L). The patient needed invasive mechanical ventilation. Inflammatory myositis was considered and treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone (30 mg/Kg/day for 3 days followed by 2 mg/Kg/day) and IVIG (1 g/kg/day for 2 days) was started. Muscle biopsy showed endomysial and perimysial necrosis and inflammation. The presence of serum anti-TIF1-γ antibody positivity led to a malignancy screening. Whole-body MRI showed a mature teratoma underneath sacral meningocele and both lesions were surgically removed. Given the histological and clinical severity of the myopathy, mycophenolate (500 mg twice a day) and rituximab (360 mg/m2, 4 weekly infusions) were added. Due to extreme muscular wasting, severe malnutrition and intolerance to enteral feeding the patient needed a transient tracheostomy and parenteral nutrition, followed by physiotherapy, speech therapy and nocturnal non-invasive ventilation. A complete remission was achieved 3 months after. Conclusions Among cancer-associated autoantibodies (CAAs) in adult patients, anti-TIF1-γ carries the highest risk of CAM, which recognizes with a high likelihood a paraneoplastic pathogenesis. In children, anti-TIF1-γ antibody has been associated with severe cutaneous disease, lipodystrophy, and chronic disease course, but not with CAM, which is overall rare in younger patients. Severe onset of a JIIM, especially if anti-TIF1-γ antibody positive, should prompt suspect of a CAM and lead to a screening for malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Gortani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Federico Poropat
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Flora Maria Murru
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Carrozzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- University of Trieste, Via dell'Istria 65/1, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Taddio
- University of Trieste, Via dell'Istria 65/1, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Giannini M, Fiorella ML, Tampoia M, Girolamo F, Fornaro M, Amati A, Lia A, Abbracciavento L, D'Abbicco D, Iannone F. Long-term efficacy of adding intravenous immunoglobulins as treatment of refractory dysphagia related to myositis: a retrospective analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1234-1242. [PMID: 32911543 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysphagia is a life-threating manifestation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). However, we lack a univocal protocol for its treatment. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a step-up strategy by adding a 1-day pulse of IVIGs to immunosuppressants in IIM patients with refractory dysphagia diagnosed by Eating Assessment Tool (EAT)-10 and fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). METHODS Dysphagia was defined as a pharyngo-oesophageal disturbance associated with EAT-10 score ≥3 and at least one FEES abnormality among propulsion failure, solid or liquid stasis. Eighteen out of 154 IIM patients had FEES-confirmed dysphagia and underwent 1 day IVIG 2 g/kg repeated 1 month apart for 3 months, because of dysphagia refractory to high-dose glucocorticoids with methotrexate and/or azathioprine. Clinical characteristics along with myositis-specific antibodies and muscle histopathological findings were studied in FEES-dysphagia IIM and IIM control patients. RESULTS After three monthly doses of IVIG, EAT-10 score dropped with complete recover of defective propulsion and progressive decrease in percentage of both solid and liquid stasis. At 52-weeks' follow-up, reached in 12 patients, all these parameters were stable or further improved. An improvement in manual muscle strength test and a steroid-sparing effect of IVIG were also observed. Anti-PM/Scl 75/100 antibodies were much more frequent in the FEES-dysphagia group, while anti-Jo1 antibody was rarely detected. CONCLUSION Our treatment schedule with 2 g/kg IVIG was effective for IIM-associated refractory dysphagia assessed by the combination of EAT-10 and FEES. These findings need to be prospectively tested in a larger cohort of IIM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Giannini
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, D.E.T.O, Bari, Italy.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Luisa Fiorella
- Departement of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Girolamo
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Fornaro
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, D.E.T.O, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Amati
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Lia
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Dario D'Abbicco
- Institute of General Surgery "G Marinaccio", University of Bari, D.E.T.O, Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mukkera S, Ammu A, Bare S, Alahari LP, Naramala S. Unusual Bilateral Upper Extremity Pitting Edema in a Patient With Severe Dermatomyositis. Cureus 2021; 13:e15445. [PMID: 34113527 PMCID: PMC8177094 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old Hispanic female presented with six weeks of progressive dysphagia, proximal muscle weakness, erythematous rash, bilateral upper extremity pitting edema, and left lower extremity pitting edema. She had preserved heart function and a normal echocardiogram (ECG). She presented with elevated creatine kinase (CK) and aldolase, with normal renal function. Muscle biopsy suggested idiopathic polymyositis. No blood clot was seen on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ultrasound. The myositis antibody panel showed the NXP-2 antibody, which is usually seen in pediatric dermatomyositis cases. In our literature search, extremity pitting edema is an unusual way of presentation in dermatomyositis. She responded with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and high-dose intravenous steroids. We used azathioprine for remission maintenance; her rash recurred after tapering steroids. We resumed tapering steroid therapy and started her on weekly methotrexate along with daily azathioprine. With this combination therapy, her rash and muscle function improved. We successfully tapered her steroids. In our literature search, combination therapy with azathioprine and methotrexate was not reported. Our patient is tolerating this therapy very well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Mukkera
- Rheumatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Permian Basin, Odessa, USA
| | - Anusha Ammu
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Permian Basin, Odessa, USA
| | - Sudhir Bare
- Hospital Medicine, Medical Center Hospital, Odessa, USA
| | - Lakshmi P Alahari
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Permian Basin, Odessa, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zuppa A, De Michelis C, Meo G, Prada V, Gemelli C, Infantino M, Manfredi M, Pesce G, Tagliafico AS, Benedetti L, Fiorillo C, Schenone A, Quartuccio L, Grandis M. Maintenance treatment with subcutaneous immunoglobulins in the long-term management of anti-HMCGR myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:134-138. [PMID: 33461845 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe the clinical response to long-term subcutaneous immunoglobulins (SCIg) in anti-3‑hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase (anti-HMCGR) myopathy previously treated with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg). We collected data from patients affected by anti-HMGCR myopathy, switched from IVIg to SCIg therapy, after achieving clinical stabilization. The Medical Research Council sum score, creatine kinase (CK) levels, and anti-HMGCR antibodies were used to assess the response. We identified three patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy treated with SCIg with a favourable clinical course, allowing the maintenance of clinical stability, the reduction or suspension of steroids therapy and in two of them a complete CK normalization. Finally, anti-HMGCR antibodies tested in all patients after 12 months from SCIg starting, showed a global decrease. SCIg represent an useful alternative to long-term IVIg as already well known in several autoimmune neuromuscular disorders and inflammatory myopathies with advantages of lower side effects and home self-administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Zuppa
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara De Michelis
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Meo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Prada
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo3, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Gemelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergy Laboratory, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergy Laboratory, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giampaola Pesce
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Autoimmunity Laboratory Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto S Tagliafico
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luana Benedetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo3, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo3, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Area (DAME), University - Hospital " Santa Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Grandis
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo3, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barsotti S, Cavazzana I, Zanframundo G, Neri R, Taraborelli M, Cioffi E, Cardelli C, Tripoli A, Codullo V, Tincani A, Cavagna L, Franceschini F, Mosca M. Real life picture of the use of intravenous immunoglobulins in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Results of a multicentric study. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102757. [PMID: 33476815 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND despite the absence of specific guidelines, the treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IvIg) is considered effective in patients with refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of IvIg and define the possible profile of IIM patients candidate to IvIg treatment. METHODS we performed a retrospective study of IIM pts. treated with IvIg (2 g/kg/month). We collected demographic, epidemiological, laboratory and clinical data. Additionally, to evaluate the toxicity, the adverse events occurred during the treatment were collected. RESULTS 123 patients with IIM were included in the study. The main indications for the prescription of IvIg were muscle (83.7% of patients) and esophageal involvement (45.5% of patients). IvIg were started mainly for refractory disease. At the end of treatment (mean duration 14 months), muscular necrosis enzymes decreased significantly and dysphagia VAS decreased significantly (p < 0.001), while MMT value increased (104.6 ± 24.2 vs. 127.0 ± 22.2 p < 0.001). Ninety-six pts. (78%) responded to IvIg. They had a shorter disease duration (p < 0.001), higher creatine kinase levels (p < 0.001), and higher prevalence of myalgias at the baseline (p = 0.023) compared to non-responders. The presence of Raynaud's phenomenon (p = 0.023-odds ratio 0.28 [0.11-0.72]) and skin involvement (p = 0.004, odds ratio 0.18 [0.06-0.55]), were associated to a worse response. Adverse events were mostly mild and transitory. CONCLUSIONS Despite their high cost, IvIg confirmed their effectiveness in refractory IIM pts., particularly in muscular and esophageal manifestations. Specific clinical characteristics at the baseline may identify the patients with higher probability of response to the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Cavazzana
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Brescia, ASST SpedaliCivili Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zanframundo
- Division of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mara Taraborelli
- Internal Medicine Unit, ASST Franciacorta, Chiari Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Cioffi
- Rheumatology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Italy
| | | | | | - Veronica Codullo
- Division of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Brescia, ASST SpedaliCivili Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Division of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Brescia, ASST SpedaliCivili Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Mosca
- Rheumatology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rituximab in Antimelanoma Differentiation-Associated Protein-5 Dermatomyositis with Interstitial Lung Disease. Case Rep Rheumatol 2020; 2020:8145790. [PMID: 33204565 PMCID: PMC7654211 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8145790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report a challenging case of a middle-age woman who developed antimelanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5 DM) with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and was successfully treated with rituximab (RTX), after failure of a first-line therapy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang K, Aggarwal R. Antisynthetase syndrome: A distinct disease spectrum. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2020; 5:178-191. [PMID: 35382516 PMCID: PMC8922626 DOI: 10.1177/2397198320902667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel autoantibodies related to idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (collectively referred to as myositis) has not only advanced our understanding of the clinical, serological, and pathological correlation in the disease spectrum but also played a role in guiding management and prognosis. One group of the myositis-specific autoantibodies is anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-ARS or anti-synthetase) which defines a syndrome with predominant interstitial lung disease, arthritis, and myositis. Autoantibodies to eight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been identified with anti-Jo1 the most common in all of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Disease presentation and prognosis vary depending on which anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibody is present. In this review, we will discuss the clinical characteristics, overlap features with other autoimmune diseases, prognostic factors, and management of the antisynthetase syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Center and UPMC Myositis Center, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, there are no proven drugs that are FDA approved for the treatment of dermatomyositis (DM), even though multiple clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate safety and efficacy of novel therapeutics in DM. The purpose of this review is to highlight the biological plausibility, existing clinical evidence as well as completed and ongoing clinical trials for various drugs in pipeline for development for use in dermatomyositis. AREAS COVERED The drugs with the strongest evidence have been included in this review with a focus on the mechanism of their action pertaining to the disease process, clinical studies including completed and ongoing trials. With better understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic process, there are new molecular targets that have been identified that can be targeted by these novel drugs, predominantly biologic drugs. EXPERT OPINION There are various drugs being evaluated in phase II/III clinical trials that hold promise in DM. At the forefront of these are immunoglobulin, Lenabasum, and Abatacept for which phase III clinical trials are ongoing. In addition, promising clinical studies are ongoing or reported for KZR-616, anti-B cell therapy, anti-interferon drugs, and Repository Corticotrophin Injection (RCI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Chandra
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, University of Connecticut , Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chérin P, Pindi Sala T, Clerson P, Dokhan A, Fardini Y, Duracinsky M, Crave JC, Chassany O. Recovering autonomy is a key advantage of home-based immunoglobulin therapy in patients with myositis: A qualitative research study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19012. [PMID: 32049796 PMCID: PMC7035045 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are 2nd or 3rd-line treatments in dermatomyositis (DM) or polymyositis (PM) refractory to high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Immunoglobulins (2 g/kg/mo) are usually administered intravenously (IVIg) once a month and the patients stay at hospital for a few days. Recently, subcutaneous injections (SCIg) were proposed 2 to 3 times per week, in some dysimmune diseases. SCIg are administered at home preferably by the patient or by a nurse. We investigated the needs and attitudes of DM and PM patients with experience of IVIg and SCIg.Seven patients (6 PM and 1 DM) from a single center participated in a focus group (N = 6) or underwent in-depth interview (N = 1). Six had the experience of both IVIg at hospital and SCIg at home; 1 has received only IVIg at hospital. Verbatim was recorded and transcribed for further content analysis and computer-aided textual analysis.Clinical profiles and stories were heterogeneous. At diagnosis, muscle weakness, severe pain, and fatigue were at the forefront of patients' complaints impairing daily life. Patients reported considerable improvement with immunoglobulins. SCIg were described as easy, less disruptive for daily life, well tolerated, and less time-consuming. SCIg self-administration at home restored the feeling of autonomy and control.Interviews of DM and PM patients revealed that recovering autonomy and control was a central advantage of home-based SCIg that were efficient, well tolerated, and perceived as a good compromise between treatment burden and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Chérin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olivier Chassany
- University Paris-Diderot, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Paris
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Glaubitz S, Zeng R, Schmidt J. New insights into the treatment of myositis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X19886494. [PMID: 31949477 PMCID: PMC6950531 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x19886494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The myositis syndromes include polymyositis, dermatomyositis (DM), necrotizing myopathy, inclusion body myositis (IBM), antisynthetase syndrome and overlap syndromes with myositis. These syndromes mostly occur in middle-aged patients, while juvenile DM occurs in children and adolescents. Patients mostly show a subacute weakness and myalgia in the upper and lower limbs, the diagnosis is based upon these clinical findings in combination with muscle biopsy results and specific serum autoantibodies. In recent years, research achieved a better understanding about the molecular mechanism underlying the myositis syndromes, as well as disease progress and extramuscular organ manifestations, such as interstitial lung disease and association with neoplasias. Treatment mainly consists of glucocorticosteroids and immunosuppressants. IBM is usually refractory to treatments. This review provides an overview of the current standards of treatment and new treatment options like monoclonal antibodies and new molecular therapies and their first results from clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Glaubitz
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rachel Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Sr. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Corticosteroid-sparing benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin in systemic sclerosis-associated myopathy: A comparative study in 52 patients. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Glaubitz S, Schmidt K, Zschüntzsch J, Schmidt J. Myalgia in myositis and myopathies. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2019; 33:101433. [PMID: 31590993 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myalgia is a common symptom of various neuromuscular disorders: myalgia occurs in metabolic muscle diseases, inflammatory muscle diseases, dystrophic myopathies and myotonic muscle disorders. Myalgia leads to a significantly reduced quality of life. Other muscular symptoms that are present along with myalgia often provide the clue towards a diagnosis and include weakness, cramps and myotonia as well as the type of pain. In addition, extramuscular symptoms like an erythema in dermatomyositis can lead to the correct diagnosis. Basic diagnostic workup includes a detailed medical history, full neurologic assessment, laboratory tests, EMG and nerve conduction studies. Muscle imaging, genetic testing and muscle biopsy may be required to make a diagnosis. Whenever possible, treatment should aim to improve or correct the underlying cause for myalgia such as inflammation or hypothyroidism. Symptomatic therapy includes different avenues: Myotonia can be treated with mexiletine. Carbamazepine or phenytoin can be used in myotonic syndromes, particularly with muscle cramps. Pregabalin, gabapentin, or amitriptyline can be tried in conditions with myalgic pain. This review summarizes the symptoms, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approach in neuromuscular disorders that present with myalgia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Glaubitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jana Zschüntzsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Y, Wang C, Xu F, Ming F, Zhang H. Efficacy and Tolerability of Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin in Neurologic Diseases. Clin Ther 2019; 41:2112-2136. [PMID: 31445679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE IV immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy has been widely used for the treatment of neurologic disorders, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency-related diseases, blood system diseases, and cancers. In this review, we summarize the efficacy and tolerability of IVIg and SCIg therapy in neurologic diseases. METHODS We summarized and analyzed the efficacy and tolerability of IVIg and SCIg in neurologic diseases, by analyzing the literature pertaining to the use of IVIg and SCIg to treat nervous system diseases. FINDINGS In clinical neurology practice, IVIg has been shown to be useful for the treatment of new-onset or recurrent immune diseases and for long-term maintenance treatment of chronic diseases. Moreover, IVIg may have applications in the management of intractable autoimmune epilepsy, paraneoplastic syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis, and neuromyelitis optica. SCIg is emerging as an alternative to IVIg treatment. Although SCIg has a composition similar to that of IVIg, the applications of this therapy are different. Notably, the bioavailability of SCIg is lower than that of IVIg, but the homeostasis level is more stable. Current studies have shown that these 2 therapies have pharmacodynamic equivalence. IMPLICATIONS In this review, we explored the efficacy of IVIg in the treatment of various neurologic disorders. IVIg administration still faces many challenges. Thus, it will be necessary to standardize the use of IVIg in the clinical setting. SCIg administration is a novel and feasible treatment option for neurologic and immune-related diseases, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. As our understanding of the mechanisms of action of IVIg improve, potential next-generation biologics can being developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanxi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengyu Ming
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Waldman R, DeWane ME, Lu J. Dermatomyositis: Diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 82:283-296. [PMID: 31279813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The second article in this continuing medical education series reviews the initial evaluation of patients with suspected dermatomyositis (DM), the relevant work-up for malignancy and interstitial lung disease once a diagnosis of DM is made, and treatment recommendations for patients with DM based on disease severity, the presence of systemic symptoms, and myositis-specific antibody (MSA) profiles. This review emphasizes the emerging role of MSAs in the diagnosis of DM and highlights how MSAs can be used to guide the appropriate work-up for malignancy and interstitial lung disease. The treatment approach proposed by this continuing medical education series discusses both established and novel therapies for DM and highlights the importance of considering lesion type, degree of muscle involvement, presence of systemic symptoms, presence of MSAs, and patient age when determining the best treatment approach for a patient with DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reid Waldman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Madeline E DeWane
- University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
de Souza FHC, de Araújo DB, Vilela VS, Bezerra MC, Simões RS, Bernardo WM, Miossi R, da Cunha BM, Shinjo SK. Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the treatment of systemic autoimmune myopathies. Adv Rheumatol 2019; 59:6. [PMID: 30670084 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-019-0048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recommendations of the Myopathy Committee of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the management and therapy of systemic autoimmune myopathies (SAM). MAIN BODY The review of the literature was done in the search for the Medline (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane databases including studies published until June 2018. The Prisma was used for the systematic review and the articles were evaluated according to the levels of Oxford evidence. Ten recommendations were developed addressing the management and therapy of systemic autoimmune myopathies. CONCLUSIONS Robust data to guide the therapeutic process are scarce. Although not proven effective in controlled clinical trials, glucocorticoid represents first-line drugs in the treatment of SAM. Intravenous immunoglobulin is considered in induction for refractory cases of SAM or when immunosuppressive drugs are contra-indicated. Consideration should be given to the early introduction of immunosuppressive drugs. There is no specific period determined for the suspension of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive drugs when individually evaluating patients with SAM. A key component for treatment in an early rehabilitation program is the inclusion of strength-building and aerobic exercises, in addition to a rigorous evaluation of these activities for remission of disease and the education of the patient and his/her caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Miossi
- Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Disciplina de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3150 - Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The major forms of autoimmune myopathies include dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), myositis associated with antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM). While each of these conditions has unique clinical and histopathological features, they all share an immune-mediated component. These conditions can occur in isolation or can be associated with systemic malignancies or connective tissue disorders (overlap syndromes). As more has been learned about these conditions, it has become clear that traditional classification schemes do not adequately group patients according to shared clinical features and prognosis. Newer classifications are now utilizing myositis-specific autoantibodies which correlate with clinical and histopathological phenotypes and risk of malignancy, and help in offering prognostic information with regard to treatment response. Based on observational data and expert opinion, corticosteroids are considered first-line therapy for DM, PM, ASS, and IMNM, although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is increasingly being used as initial therapy in IMNM related to statin use. Second-line agents are often required, but further prospective investigation is required regarding the optimal choice and timing of these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emer R McGrath
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christopher T Doughty
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anthony A Amato
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to give an update on treatment modalities for patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, or shortly myositis, excluding the subgroup inclusion body myositis, based on a literature survey on therapies used in myositis. Few controlled trials have been performed in patients with myositis; therefore, we also included a summary of open-label trials, case series, and case reports. RECENT FINDINGS Glucocorticoid (GC) in high doses is still the first-line treatment of patients with myositis. There is a general recommendation to combine GCs with another immunosuppressive agent in the early phase of disease to better control disease activity and possibly to reduce the risk for GC-related side effects. Furthermore, combining pharmacological treatment with individualized and supervised exercise can be recommended based on evidence. There is some evidence for the effect of rituximab in patients with certain myositis-specific autoantibodies, whereas other biologic agents are currently being tested in clinical trials. SUMMARY Immunosuppressive treatment in combination with exercise is recommended for patients with myositis to reduce disease activity and improve muscle performance. Subgrouping of patients into clinical and serological subtypes may be a way to identify biomarkers for response to specific immunosuppressive and biological agents and should be considered in future trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Barsotti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ingrid E. Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders of the skeletal muscle include polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), (immune mediated) necrotizing myopathy (NM), overlap syndrome with myositis (overlap myositis, OM) including anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), and inclusion body myositis (IBM). Whereas DM occurs in children and adults, all other forms of myositis mostly develop in middle aged individuals. Apart from a slowly progressive, chronic disease course in IBM, patients with myositis typically present with a subacute onset of weakness of arms and legs, often associated with pain and clearly elevated creatine kinase in the serum. PM, DM and most patients with NM and OM usually respond to immunosuppressive therapy, whereas IBM is largely refractory to treatment. The diagnosis of myositis requires careful and combinatorial assessment of (1) clinical symptoms including pattern of weakness and paraclinical tests such as MRI of the muscle and electromyography (EMG), (2) broad analysis of auto-antibodies associated with myositis, and (3) detailed histopathological work-up of a skeletal muscle biopsy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current classification, diagnostic pathway, treatment regimen and pathomechanistic understanding of myositis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Jens Schmidt, MD, FEAN, FAAN, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. Tel.: +49 551 39 22355; Fax: +49 551 39 8405; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu C, Chen J, Zhang Y, Li J. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B misdiagnosed as polymyositis at the early stage: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10539. [PMID: 29794729 PMCID: PMC6392577 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Dysferlin myopathy is an autosomal recessive hereditary muscular dystrophy due to deficiency of dysferlin caused by alteration of the DYSF gene; Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) is the most common in Its clinical phenotypes. However, LGMD2B is rarely seen in clinical cases and may initially present as weakness of proximalpelvis muscles and muscles in the posterior compartments of thighs,which will then cause difficulty in running and limping during walking. Laboratory tests at an early stage of the disease often indicate an increased level of serum creatine kinase (CK). Moreover, polymyositis (PM) is manifested as symmetrical proximal muscle weakness of the four limbs, accompanied by an increased level of serum CK. Thus, both are very difficult to identify in clinical practice. PATIENT CONCERNS A 25-year-old woman was admitted to our department as the limb weakness progressively worsened. She began to experience proximal muscle weakness of both lower limbs without obvious inducement, which markedly increased when she climbed the stairs or stood up after squatting. Then her symptoms worsened, with difficulty in proximal and distal lifting of the lower extremities. DIAGNOSES Through combined immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis, The patient was diagnosed with LGMD2B. INTERVENTIONS There were symptomatic treatments such as coenzyme Q10. OUTCOMES After symptomatic treatments, the patient's symptoms were obviously relieved, and the CK level decreased. LESSONS Through this case, we found that combined application of immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis is helpful in early diagnosis of LGMD2B, and a new site of frame-shift mutation in the patient's DYSF gene was found.
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
How I treat idiopathic patients with inflammatory myopathies in the clinical practice. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:999-1007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
31
|
Kashif M, Arya D, Niazi M, Khaja M. A Rare Case of Necrotizing Myopathy and Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia with Anti-EJ Antisynthetase Syndrome and SSA Antibodies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2017; 18:448-453. [PMID: 28439062 PMCID: PMC5410884 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.903540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 34 Final Diagnosis: Necrotizing myopathy • fibrinous • organizing pneumonia Symptoms: Short of breath • weakness in limbs Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Rheumatology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Divya Arya
- Department of Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Masooma Niazi
- Division of Pathology, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Misbahuddin Khaja
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|