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Kuo KT, Huang WC, Bamodu OA, Lee WH, Wang CH, Hsiao M, Wang LS, Yeh CT. Histone demethylase JARID1B/KDM5B promotes aggressiveness of non-small cell lung cancer and serves as a good prognostic predictor. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:107. [PMID: 30092824 PMCID: PMC6085612 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recently, epigenetic dysregulation has been known to promote tumor progression and therefore may be a therapeutic target for anticancer therapy. JARID1B, a member of histone demethylases, has been found to be related to tumorigenesis in certain kinds of cancers. However, its biological roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely unclear. Methods We firstly examined the expression of JARID1B in surgical specimens and six NSCLC cell lines. Then, we evaluated the relationship between JARID1B expression and clinicopathologic parameters in 72 NSCLC patients, thereby established its prognostic importance. We subsequently studied the functional roles of JARID1B in tumorigenesis to verify its clinicopathologic significance. Results Our results showed that JARID1B was overexpressed in NSCLC cells and JARID1B overexpression was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, advanced stages, and poor overall survival in NSCLC patients. JARID1B overexpression resulted in increased cell proliferation and formation of tumorspheres and correlated positively with the expression of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, while the c-Met signaling pathway was actively involved. It also correlated with the strength of resistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin. On the contrary, downregulation of JARID1B expression by applying shRNA or JARID1B inhibitor PBIT reversed these phenomena. Conclusions JARID1B worsens prognosis of NSCLC patients by promotion of tumor aggressiveness through multiple biological facets which were associated with activation of the c-Met signaling, and can be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0533-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Tai Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - M Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Shun Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Taylor KM, Wheeler R, Singh N, Vosloo D, Ray DW, Sommer P. The tobacco carcinogen NNK drives accumulation of DNMT1 at the GR promoter thereby reducing GR expression in untransformed lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4903. [PMID: 29559689 PMCID: PMC5861118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive, predominantly cigarette smoke-induced tumour with poor prognosis. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a SCLC tumour suppressor gene, is typically reduced in SCLC. We now show that SCLC cells express high levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) which accumulates at the GR promoter. DNMT1 expression is further increased by exposure to the tobacco carcinogen NNK. In the untransformed human lung fibroblast cell line, MRC-5, short term NNK treatment decreases GRα mRNA and protein expression due to accumulation of DNMT1 at the GR promoter. Long term NNK treatment results in persistently augmented DNMT1 levels with lowered GR levels. Long term exposure to NNK slows cell proliferation and induces DNA damage, while the GR antagonist RU486 stimulates proliferation and protects against DNA damage. Although both NNK and RU486 treatment increases methylation at the GR promoter, neither are sufficient to prevent senescence in this context. NNK exposure results in accumulation of DNMT1 at the GR promoter in untransformed lung cells mimicking SCLC cells, directly linking tobacco smoke exposure to silencing of the GR, an important step in SCLC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn M Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roxanne Wheeler
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nimisha Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dalene Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Sommer
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Abstract
This commentary will focus on how we can use our knowledge about the complexity of human disease and its pathogenesis to identify novel approaches to therapy. We know that even for single gene Mendelian disorders, patients with identical mutations often have different presentations and outcomes. This lack of genotype-phenotype correlation led us and others to examine the roles of modifier genes in the context of biological networks. These investigations have utilized vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. Since one of the goals of research on modifier genes and networks is to identify novel therapeutic targets, the challenges to patient access and compliance because of the high costs of medications for rare genetic diseases must be recognized. A recent article explored protective modifiers, including plastin 3 (PLS3) and coronin 1C (CORO1C), in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMA is an autosomal recessive deficit of survival motor neuron protein (SMN) caused by mutations in SMN1. However, the severity of SMA is determined primarily by the number of SMN2 copies, and this results in significant phenotypic variability. PLS3 was upregulated in siblings who were asymptomatic compared with those who had SMA2 or SMA3, but identical homozygous SMN1 deletions and equal numbers of SMN2 copies. CORO1C was identified by interrogation of the PLS3 interactome. Overexpression of these proteins rescued endocytosis in SMA models. In addition, antisense RNA for upregulation of SMN2 protein expression is being developed as another way of modifying the SMA phenotype. These investigations suggest the practical application of protective modifiers to rescue SMA phenotypes. Other examples of the potential therapeutic value of novel protective modifiers will be discussed, including in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and glycerol kinase deficiency. This work shows that while we live in an exciting era of genomic sequencing, a functional understanding of biology, the impact of its disruption, and possibilities for its repair have never been more important as we search for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R B McCabe
- March of Dimes Foundation, United States; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States.
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Wang DC, Wang X. Tomorrow's genome medicine in lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 42:39-43. [PMID: 27840277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tomorrow's genome medicine in lung cancer should focus more on the homogeneity and heterogeneity of lung cancer which play an important role in the development of drug resistance, genetic complexity, as well as confusion and difficulty of early diagnosis and therapy. Chromosome positioning and repositioning may contribute to the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to therapy, the heterogeneity associated with drug resistance, and the mechanism of lung carcinogenesis. The CCCTC-binding factor plays critical roles in genome topology and function, increased risk of carcinogenicity, and potential of lung cancer-specific mediations. Chromosome reposition in lung cancer can be regulated by CCCTC binding factor. Single-cell gene sequencing, as part of genome medicine, was paid special attention in lung cancer to understand mechanical phenotypes, single-cell biology, heterogeneity, and chromosome positioning and function of single lung cancer cells. We at first propose to develop an intelligent single-cell robot of human cells to integrate together systems information of molecules, genes, proteins, organelles, membranes, architectures, signals, and functions. It can be a powerful automatic system to assist clinicians in the decision-making, molecular understanding, risk analyzing, and prognosis predicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China.
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