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Yang Z, Li X, Pan C, Li Y, Lin L, Jin Y, Zheng J, Yu Z. A comprehensive study based on exosome-related immunosuppression genes and tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1344. [PMID: 36550445 PMCID: PMC9773453 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes play an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the mechanisms of tumor immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is known that immunosuppressive genes, involved in the processes of tumor immunosuppression, are associated with cancer progression. This study aimed to explore the prognostic values of exosome-related immunosuppression genes (ERIGs) in HCC. METHODS The RNA-seq transcriptome data of 374 HCC patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The TCGA cohort was randomly divided into the training cohort and validation cohort in a 1:1 ratio. WGCNA analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to identify ERIGs. The Lasso regression method was used to construct a 5-ERIG signature. The prognostic value of our signature was examined in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (FAHWMU) cohort. RESULTS Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen prognostic ERIGs. Subsequently, these prognostic ERIGs were included in Lasso regression analyses to identify 5 key ERIGs (ASAP1, IARS1, GTF3C2, TPD5L2 and SLC52A2) and construct a 5-ERIG signature. The patients in the low-risk group had better prognosis than those in the high-risk group. Univariate and multivariate cox regression revealed that risk score was an independent prognostic risk factor of HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that this signature was highly associated with TME-related pathways. Subsequent analyses revealed the potential role of the signature in regulating the TME in HCC. In addition, a lower immunotherapy score was found in patients with high risk-score. Of note, this signature was confirmed to have a good performance in predicting HCC prognosis in the FAHWMU cohort. Moreover, knockdown of 5 ERIGs of this signature contributed to the suppression the Hep3B cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We generated a novel prognostic 5-ERIG signature to accurately predict the prognosis of patients with HCC, and this signature may serve as an indicator of immunotherapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yang
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Xinmiao Li
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Chaoran Pan
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Yifei Li
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Lifan Lin
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Yan Jin
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
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4
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Latacz E, Höppener D, Bohlok A, Leduc S, Tabariès S, Fernández Moro C, Lugassy C, Nyström H, Bozóky B, Floris G, Geyer N, Brodt P, Llado L, Van Mileghem L, De Schepper M, Majeed AW, Lazaris A, Dirix P, Zhang Q, Petrillo SK, Vankerckhove S, Joye I, Meyer Y, Gregorieff A, Roig NR, Vidal-Vanaclocha F, Denis L, Oliveira RC, Metrakos P, Grünhagen DJ, Nagtegaal ID, Mollevi DG, Jarnagin WR, D’Angelica MI, Reynolds AR, Doukas M, Desmedt C, Dirix L, Donckier V, Siegel PM, Barnhill R, Gerling M, Verhoef C, Vermeulen PB. Histopathological growth patterns of liver metastasis: updated consensus guidelines for pattern scoring, perspectives and recent mechanistic insights. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:988-1013. [PMID: 35650276 PMCID: PMC9470557 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The first consensus guidelines for scoring the histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of liver metastases were established in 2017. Since then, numerous studies have applied these guidelines, have further substantiated the potential clinical value of the HGPs in patients with liver metastases from various tumour types and are starting to shed light on the biology of the distinct HGPs. In the present guidelines, we give an overview of these studies, discuss novel strategies for predicting the HGPs of liver metastases, such as deep-learning algorithms for whole-slide histopathology images and medical imaging, and highlight liver metastasis animal models that exhibit features of the different HGPs. Based on a pooled analysis of large cohorts of patients with liver-metastatic colorectal cancer, we propose a new cut-off to categorise patients according to the HGPs. An up-to-date standard method for HGP assessment within liver metastases is also presented with the aim of incorporating HGPs into the decision-making processes surrounding the treatment of patients with liver-metastatic cancer. Finally, we propose hypotheses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive the biology of the different HGPs, opening some exciting preclinical and clinical research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Latacz
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Iridium Netwerk and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Diederik Höppener
- grid.508717.c0000 0004 0637 3764Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Bohlok
- grid.418119.40000 0001 0684 291XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophia Leduc
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Medicine, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Carlos Fernández Moro
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Claire Lugassy
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Hanna Nyström
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Béla Bozóky
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Geyer
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pnina Brodt
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Surgery, Oncology and Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Laura Llado
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257HBP and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Laura Van Mileghem
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Iridium Netwerk and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maxim De Schepper
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali W. Majeed
- grid.31410.370000 0000 9422 8284Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Piet Dirix
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Iridium Netwerk and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Qianni Zhang
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stéphanie K. Petrillo
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Sophie Vankerckhove
- grid.418119.40000 0001 0684 291XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ines Joye
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Iridium Netwerk and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Meyer
- grid.508717.c0000 0004 0637 3764Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Gregorieff
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Regenerative Medicine Network, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Nuria Ruiz Roig
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Tumoral and Stromal Chemoresistance Group, Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510GWU-Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Larsimont Denis
- grid.418119.40000 0001 0684 291XDepartment of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rui Caetano Oliveira
- grid.28911.330000000106861985Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter Metrakos
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Dirk J. Grünhagen
- grid.508717.c0000 0004 0637 3764Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D. Nagtegaal
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David G. Mollevi
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Tumoral and Stromal Chemoresistance Group, Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - William R. Jarnagin
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Michael I D’Angelica
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Andrew R. Reynolds
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michail Doukas
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Desmedt
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Dirix
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Iridium Netwerk and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Donckier
- grid.418119.40000 0001 0684 291XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter M. Siegel
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Medicine, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Raymond Barnhill
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France ,Université de Paris l’UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Marco Gerling
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- grid.508717.c0000 0004 0637 3764Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter B. Vermeulen
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Iridium Netwerk and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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Wang B, Xie Y, Zheng L, Zheng X, Gao J, Liu X, Yuan Y, Li Z, Lu N, Xue L. Both the serum AFP test and AFP/GPC3/SALL4 immunohistochemistry are beneficial for predicting the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:408. [PMID: 34706681 PMCID: PMC8555135 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both gastric adenocarcinoma with primitive enterocyte phenotype (GAPEP) (including hepatoid adenocarcinoma) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric adenocarcinoma have poor prognoses. However, the value of the serum AFP test and AFP/glypican-3 (GPC3)/spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) immunohistochemistry is still not clear, and these two methods have not yet been thoroughly compared. METHODS We collected 421 consecutive non-neoadjuvant surgically or endoscopically resected gastric adenocarcinoma patients with serum AFP results before surgery (group A). We divided these cases into serum AFP-high (sAFP-H) and serum AFP-normal (sAFP-N) by serum AFP levels, and into GAPEP (expressing AFP, GPC3, or SALL4) and non-GAPEP (nGAPEP) by AFP/GPC3/SALL4 immunohistochemistry results. We also collected 12 non-resected gastric adenocarcinoma patients with serum AFP ≥ 7 ng/mL before treatment (group B). We analyzed these patients' clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses. RESULTS Seventeen (4.04%) patients in group A were sAFP-H. These patients were younger and mainly had tubular adenocarcinoma with later pT (P = 0.014) and pN (P = 0.047) categories and more lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001), perineural spread (P = 0.008), and metastases or recurrence (P < 0.001). For immunohistochemistry, 34 (8.08%) cases were GAPEP, and GAPEP cases also had later pT categories than nGAPEP cases (P = 0.001). Most group B patients with elevated serum AFP (especially > 1000 ng/mL) had simultaneous metastases, mainly liver metastases. Both the serological method and immunohistochemical method were useful for predicting prognosis (AUC sAFP = 0.625, AUC A/G/S-IHC = 0.723, z statistic = 1.726, P = 0.084). The serum AFP level (especially > 1000 ng/mL) is more specific (100%), and immunohistochemistry is more sensitive (50%). CONCLUSION Both the serum AFP level and immunohistochemical expression of AFP/GPC3/SALL4 can be used to indicate a poor prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yibin Xie
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100075, China
| | - Xiaohao Zheng
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiuyun Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanling Yuan
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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