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Zhang S, Gu Y, Ge J, Xie Y, Yu X, Wu X, Sun D, Zhang X, Guo J, Guo J. tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP inhibits gastric cancer progression via modulating STAT3 signaling pathway in an AGO2-dependent manner. Oncogene 2024; 43:2160-2171. [PMID: 38783100 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) perform essential functions in the pathophysiology of cancer. In this study, we focused on the possible mechanisms of tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP (tRF-33) underlying the development of gastric malignancy. In total, 454 tissue samples with different gastric mucosal lesions were collected. The tRF-33 expression level in different cohorts was determined, and its value for diagnostic efficiency and prognosis evaluation were assessed. Cell proliferation assays, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, and xenotransplantation model were used to evaluate its effect on gastric cancer cells. The molecular mechanism was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization, dual luciferase assay, Western blot, and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation. The results showed that the expression of tRF-33 exhibited a gradual modification from normal control samples to gastritis tissues, early and latent stage of gastric cancer tissues. Consequently, tRF-33 holds significant potential as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker for gastric malignancy. Over-expression of tRF-33 inhibited gastric cancer cell progression and metastatic viability, and induced cell apoptosis. Tumorigenicity in nude mice showed the suppressive characteristics of tRF-33. Mechanistic investigation revealed that tRF-33 exerted silencing on STAT3 mRNA via binding to AGO2. In conclusion, tRF-33 exhibited values in diagnosing gastric cancer and evaluating its prognosis, and suppressed tumor cell viability by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway. The schematic mechanisms underlying tRF-33 regulating gastric cancer occurrence. tRF-33 binds to AGO2 proteins and then negatively regulates STAT3 expression through targeting its 3'UTR. The downregulated expression of STAT3 results in the decrease of STAT3 and p-STAT3 and further blocks the transcription of the downstream genes and finally inhibits the gastric cancer occurrence. MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; UTR, untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yeqi Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiaxin Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
| | - Yaoyao Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiuchong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Desen Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Jie Guo
- School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
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2
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Mao C, Yuan W, Fang R, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Cong H. Transfer RNA‑derived small RNAs: A class of potential biomarkers in multiple cancers (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 28:293. [PMID: 38737976 PMCID: PMC11082847 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfer (t)RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a class of novel non-coding small RNAs that are created via precise cleavage of tRNAs or tRNA precursors by different enzymes. tsRNAs are specific biological molecules that serve essential roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional modification and translational regulation. Additionally, tsRNAs participate in the pathogenesis of several diseases, particularly in the development of malignant tumors. At present, the process of discovering and understanding the functions of tsRNAs is still in its early stages. The present review introduces the known biological functions and mechanisms of tsRNAs, and discusses the tsRNAs progression in several types of cancers as well as the possibility of tsRNAs becoming novel tumor biomarkers. Furthermore, tsRNAs may promote and hinder tumor formation according to different mechanisms and act as oncogenic or oncostatic molecules. Therefore, tsRNAs may be future potential tumor biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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3
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Ying X, Hu W, Huang Y, Lv Y, Ji D, Chen C, Yang B, Zhang C, Liang Y, Zhang H, Liu M, Yuan G, Wu W, Ji W. A Novel tsRNA, m 7G-3' tiRNA Lys TTT, Promotes Bladder Cancer Malignancy Via Regulating ANXA2 Phosphorylation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400115. [PMID: 38894581 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), originated from tRNA with high abundance RNA modifications, play an important role in many complex physiological and pathological processes. However, the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of modified tsRNAs in cancer remain poorly understood. Here, it is screened for and confirmed the presence of a novel m7G-modified tsRNA, m7G-3'-tiRNA LysTTT (mtiRL), in a variety of chemical carcinogenesis models by combining small RNA sequencing with an m7G small RNA-modified chip. Moreover, it is found that mtiRL, catalyzed by the tRNA m7G-modifying enzyme mettl1, promotes bladder cancer (BC) malignancy in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, mtiRL is found to specifically bind the oncoprotein Annexin A2 (ANXA2) to promote its Tyr24 phosphorylation by enhancing the interactions between ANXA2 and Yes proto-oncogene 1 (Yes1), leading to ANXA2 activation and increased p-ANXA2-Y24 nuclear localization in BC cells. Together, these findings define a critical role for mtiRL and suggest that targeting this novel m7G-modified tsRNA can be an efficient way for to treat BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ying
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510220, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yapeng Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Ding Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baotong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yaomin Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mingrui Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Private Medical Service & Healthcare Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510220, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Zhou M, He X, Zhang J, Mei C, Zhong B, Ou C. tRNA-derived small RNAs in human cancers: roles, mechanisms, and clinical application. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:76. [PMID: 38622694 PMCID: PMC11020452 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a new type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) produced by the specific cleavage of precursor or mature tRNAs. tsRNAs are involved in various basic biological processes such as epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translation regulation, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of various human diseases, including cancers. Recent studies have shown that tsRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating biological behaviors such as malignant proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune response, tumor resistance, and tumor metabolism reprogramming. These may be new potential targets for tumor treatment. Furthermore, tsRNAs can exist abundantly and stably in various bodily fluids (e.g., blood, serum, and urine) in the form of free or encapsulated extracellular vesicles, thereby affecting intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, their abnormal expression is closely related to the clinicopathological features of tumor patients, such as tumor staging, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of tumor patients; thus, tsRNAs can be served as a novel type of liquid biopsy biomarker. This review summarizes the discovery, production, and expression of tsRNAs and analyzes their molecular mechanisms in tumor development and potential applications in tumor therapy, which may provide new strategies for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Cheng Mei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Baiyun Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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5
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Chen Q, Li D, Jiang L, Wu Y, Yuan H, Shi G, Liu F, Wu P, Jiang K. Biological functions and clinical significance of tRNA-derived small fragment (tsRNA) in tumors: Current state and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216701. [PMID: 38369004 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A new class of noncoding RNAs, tsRNAs are not only abundant in humans but also have high tissue specificity. Recently, an increasing number of studies have explored the correlations between tsRNAs and tumors, showing that tsRNAs can affect biological behaviors of tumor cells, such as proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis, by modulating protein translation, RNA transcription or posttranscriptional regulation. In addition, tsRNAs are widely distributed and stably expressed, which endows them with broad application prospects in diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of tumors, and they are expected to become new biomarkers. However, notably, the current research on tsRNAs still faces problems that need to be solved. In this review, we describe the characteristics of tsRNAs as well as their unique features and functions in tumors. Moreover, we also discuss the potential opportunities and challenges in clinical applications and research of tsRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danrui Li
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyang Jiang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guodong Shi
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Xu T, Yuan J, Song F, Zhang N, Gao C, Chen Z. Exploring the functional role of tRF-39-8HM2OSRNLNKSEKH9 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27153. [PMID: 38455567 PMCID: PMC10918225 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have emerged as potential targets for cancer treatment. However, the specific impact of tsRNAs on HCC remains undiscovered. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological significance of tsRNAs in HCC. First, we screened the differentially expressed tsRNAs in HCC tissues and normal tissues adjacent to the tumor (NAT) using high-throughput sequencing and the results showed that tRF-39-8HM2OSRNLNKSEKH9 was more highly expressed in HCC tissues than NATs. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), nuclear-cytoplasmic separation assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were employed to assess the characterization of tRF-39-8HM2OSRNLNKSEKH9. The relationship between the expression of tRF-39-8HM2OSRNLNKSEKH9 and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated and we found that it was positively associated with tumor size. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, colony formation assay and EdU staining assay were employed to investigate the role of tRF-39-8HM2OSRNLNKSEKH9 in the proliferation of HCC cells. Additionally, transwell assays demonstrated that overexpression of tRF-39-8HM2OSRNLNKSEKH9 could accelerate cell migration capability. Taken together, tRF-39-8HM2OSRNLNKSEKH9 was highly expressed in HCC cells, serum and tissues, and it may play an oncogenic role in HCC cells through interacting with downstream mRNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Song
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Zhang Y, Gu X, Li Y, Huang Y, Ju S. Multiple regulatory roles of the transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in cancers. Genes Dis 2024; 11:597-613. [PMID: 37692525 PMCID: PMC10491922 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of sequencing technology, transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have received extensive attention as a new type of small noncoding RNAs. Based on the differences in the cleavage sites of nucleases on tRNAs, tsRNAs can be divided into two categories, tRNA halves (tiRNAs) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), each with specific subcellular localizations. Additionally, the biogenesis of tsRNAs is tissue-specific and can be regulated by tRNA modifications. In this review, we first elaborated on the classification and biogenesis of tsRNAs. After summarizing the latest mechanisms of tsRNAs, including transcriptional gene silencing, post-transcriptional gene silencing, nascent RNA silencing, translation regulation, rRNA regulation, and reverse transcription regulation, we explored the representative biological functions of tsRNAs in tumors. Furthermore, this review summarized the clinical value of tsRNAs in cancers, thus providing theoretical support for their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xinliang Gu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yang Li
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yuejiao Huang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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8
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Wu K, Bu F, Wu Y, Zhang G, Wang X, He S, Liu MF, Chen R, Yuan H. Exploring noncoding variants in genetic diseases: from detection to functional insights. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:111-132. [PMID: 38181897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on genetic diseases predominantly focused on protein-coding variations, overlooking the vast noncoding regions in the human genome. The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies and functional genomics tools has enabled the systematic identification of functional noncoding variants. These variants can impact gene expression, regulation, and chromatin conformation, thereby contributing to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the impact of noncoding variants on genetic diseases is indispensable for the development of precisely targeted therapies and the implementation of personalized medicine strategies. The intricacies of noncoding regions introduce a multitude of challenges and research opportunities. In this review, we introduce a spectrum of noncoding variants involved in genetic diseases, along with research strategies and advanced technologies for their precise identification and in-depth understanding of the complexity of the noncoding genome. We will delve into the research challenges and propose potential solutions for unraveling the genetic basis of rare and complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fengxiao Bu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Shunmin He
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Runsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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9
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Zhao P, Xia L, Chen D, Xu W, Guo H, Xu Y, Yan B, Wu X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X. METTL1 mediated tRNA m 7G modification promotes leukaemogenesis of AML via tRNA regulated translational control. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:8. [PMID: 38268051 PMCID: PMC10807064 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA modifications have been proven to play fundamental roles in regulating cellular biology process. Recently, maladjusted N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification and its modifiers METTL1/WDR4 have been confirmed an oncogene role in multiple cancers. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of METTL1/WDR4 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain to be determined. METHODS METTL1/WDR4 expression levels were quantified using qRT-PCR, western blot analysis on AML clinical samples, and bioinformatics analysis on publicly available AML datasets. CCK-8 assays and cell count assays were performed to determine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry assays were conducted to assess cell cycle and apoptosis rates. Multiple techniques were used for mechanism studies in vitro assays, such as northern blotting, liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), tRNA stability analysis, transcriptome sequencing, small non-coding RNA sequencing, quantitative proteomics, and protein synthesis measurements. RESULTS METTL1/WDR4 are significantly elevated in AML patients and associated with poor prognosis. METTL1 knockdown resulted in reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in AML cells. Mechanically, METTL1 knockdown leads to significant decrease of m7G modification abundance on tRNA, which further destabilizes tRNAs and facilitates the biogenesis of tsRNAs in AML cells. In addition, profiling of nascent proteins revealed that METTL1 knockdown and transfection of total tRNAs that were isolated from METTL1 knockdown AML cells decreased global translation efficiency in AML cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrates the important role of METTL1/WDR4 in AML leukaemogenesis, which provides a promising target candidate for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Huanping Guo
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yinying Xu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Bingbing Yan
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hematology and Microenvironment, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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10
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Gao LJ, Zhu SX, Wei YY, Meng HW, Gu J, Zhang H, Dai LJ. Prognostic, diagnostic and clinicopathological roles of tsRNAs: a meta-analysis in breast cancer. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:35. [PMID: 38185655 PMCID: PMC10773143 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in women and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The newly emerged non-coding RNAs tsRNAs (tRNA-derived small RNAs) play an important role in the occurrence and development of BC. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic, diagnostic and clinicopathological roles of tsRNAs in BC. Through literature screening, a total of 13 BC-related tsRNA studies were included in this meta-analysis, all of which passed quality assessment. Prognostic studies showed upregulated tsRNAs to be associated with poor survival outcomes (HR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.51-1.77) and downregulated tsRNAs to be associated with better outcomes (HR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.50-0.68). Results of diagnostic studies showed a combined sensitivity of 72% (95%CI 68-76%) and combined specificity of 64% (95%CI 61-67%); the AUC was 0.72 (95%CI 0.68-0.75) and the DOR 4.62 (95%CI 3.76-5.68). Finally, correlation analysis of clinicopathological features showed that downregulation of tsRNAs correlated significantly with age, TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias showed no significant difference. In conclusion, BC-associated tsRNAs are closely related to the prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with this disease and can be used to assist in early diagnosis of BC. Therefore, tsRNAs are potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jue Gao
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Xun Zhu
- Jiangyin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jiangyin, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Yi Wei
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Wei Meng
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Li-Juan Dai
- Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Huang T, Chen C, Du J, Zheng Z, Ye S, Fang S, Liu K. A tRF-5a fragment that regulates radiation resistance of colorectal cancer cells by targeting MKNK1. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:4021-4033. [PMID: 37864471 PMCID: PMC10747413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy serves as a crucial strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its efficacy is often hindered by the challenge of radiation resistance. Although the literature suggests that some tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are associated with various cancers, studies reporting the relationship of tsRNAs with cancer cell radiosensitivity have not been published yet. In our study, we utilized tsRNAs sequencing to predict differentially expressed tsRNAs in two CRC cells and their radioresistant cells, and 10 tsRNAs with significant differences in expression were validated by qPCR. The target genes of tRF-16-7X9PN5D were predicted and verified by the bioinformatics, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and western blotting analyses. Wound healing, colony formation, transwell invasion and CCK-8 assays were performed to detect the effects of tRF-16-7X9PN5D on cell function and radiosensitivity. Western blotting evaluated the relationship between tRF-16-7X9PN5D and the MKNK-eIF4E axis. Our findings demonstrated that tRF-16-7X9PN5D expression was substantially downregulated in radioresistant CRC cells. Furthermore, tRF-16-7X9PN5D could promote CRC cells' ability to proliferate, migrate, invade and obtain radiation resistance by targeting MKNK1. Finally, tRF-16-7X9PN5D could regulate eIF4E phosphorylation via MKNK1. This investigation indicated that tRF-16-7X9PN5D has an essential regulatory role in the radiation resistance of CRC by directly targeting MKNK1, and may be a new pathway for regulating the CRC radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Huang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Chujia Chen
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Zhen Zheng
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Shuang Ye
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Shuai Fang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Kaitai Liu
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
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12
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Zhu JY, Yao W, Ni XS, Yao MD, Bai W, Yang TJ, Zhang ZR, Li XM, Jiang Q, Yan B. Hyperglycemia-regulated tRNA-derived fragment tRF-3001a propels neurovascular dysfunction in diabetic mice. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101209. [PMID: 37757825 PMCID: PMC10591036 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular dysfunction is a preclinical manifestation of diabetic complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). Herein, we report that a transfer RNA-derived RNA fragment, tRF-3001a, is significantly upregulated under diabetic conditions. tRF-3001a downregulation inhibits Müller cell activation, suppresses endothelial angiogenic effects, and protects against high-glucose-induced retinal ganglion cell injury in vitro. Furthermore, tRF-3001a downregulation alleviates retinal vascular dysfunction, inhibits retinal reactive gliosis, facilitates retinal ganglion cell survival, and preserves visual function and visually guided behaviors in STZ-induced diabetic mice and db/db diabetic mice. Mechanistically, tRF-3001a regulates neurovascular dysfunction in a microRNA-like mechanism by targeting GSK3B. Clinically, tRF-3001a is upregulated in aqueous humor (AH) samples of DR patients. tRF-3001a downregulation inhibits DR-induced human retinal vascular endothelial cell and Müller cell dysfunction in vitro and DR-induced retinal neurovascular dysfunction in C57BL/6J mice. Thus, targeting tRF-3001a-mediated signaling is a promising strategy for the concurrent treatment of vasculopathy and neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ya Zhu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wen Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xi-Sen Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Mu-Di Yao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wen Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Tian-Jing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zi-Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiu-Miao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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13
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Zhao L, Peng Y, Su P. Expression profiles and functional analysis of tRNA-derived small RNAs in epicardial adipose tissue of patients with heart failure. Ann Med 2023; 55:2267981. [PMID: 37839439 PMCID: PMC10578101 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2267981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is considered an epidemic disease in the modern world. Since it presents as a multifactorial, systemic disease, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism is essential. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is increasingly recognized to be metabolically active and is able to secrete myriad bioactive molecules, including exosomes carrying tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Mounting evidence has suggested that these specific tsRNAs dynamically impact fundamental cellular processes, but no studies have focused on the influence of tsRNA in EAT on cardiac dysfunction. METHODS To investigate the regulatory mechanism of tsRNAs of EAT associated with HF, we collected EAT from HF (n = 5) patients and controls (n = 5) and used a combination of RNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and bioinformatics to screen the expression profiles of tsRNAs in HF. RESULTS We ultimately identified an expression profile of 343 tsRNAs in EAT. Of those, a total of 24 tsRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between HF and controls: 17 were upregulated and 7 were downregulated (fold change >1.5, p < 0.05). Four tsRNAs (tiRNA-Pro-TGG-001, tRF-Met-CAT-002, tRF-Tyr-GTA-010 and tRF-Tyr-GTA-011) were randomly selected and validated by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analyses revealed a dense interaction of target genes between tRF-Tyr-GTA-010 and tRF-Tyr-GTA-011. Based on functional analysis, these two tRFs might play a protective role by regulating sphingolipid and adrenergic signaling pathways by targeting genes mainly contributing to calcium ion transport. CONCLUSIONS Our study profiled tsRNA expression in EAT with HF and identified a comprehensive dimension of potential target genes and tsRNA-mRNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanshu Peng
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pixiong Su
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Li X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Gu X, Ju S. A comprehensive evaluation of serum tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1504-1517. [PMID: 37314123 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant digestive system tumor. Since the early symptoms of GC are usually vague and the positive rate of common biomarkers of GC is low, it is of urgent need to find new biomarkers with good sensitivity and specificity to screen and diagnose GC patients. The tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are emerging small noncoding RNAs that play an essential role in cancer progression. In this study, we explored whether novel tsRNAs have the potential to serve as biomarkers for GC. Three tsRNAs significantly upregulated in GC were screened by the tsRFun database. The expression level of tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing were used to verify the characteristics of tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP. The χ2 test was used to analyze the correlation between tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP expression level and clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the correlation between tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP expression levels and survival time of GC patients. In this study, the expression level of tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP was significantly increased in GC tissues. The expression level of tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP was considerably higher in the serum of GC patients than in the serum of gastritis patients and in the serum of healthy donors, and the expression level of tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP was significantly decreased in the serum of GC patients after surgery. In addition, the χ2 test showed that the expression level of tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP in GC serum was correlated with differentiation grade, T-stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis stage, and neurological/vascular invasion. The results of the survival curve showed that the high expression of serum tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP was associated with a low survival rate. ROC analysis showed that serum tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP had higher diagnostic efficiency than common GC biomarkers, and the diagnostic efficiency was further improved by combining them. At the end of the study, we predicted the downstream of tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP. The expression level of tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP in the serum of GC patients can effectively identify GC patients and has higher efficacy than conventional biomarkers. In addition, serum tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP can monitor the postoperative condition of GC patients, suggesting that it has the potential to become a biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinliang Gu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Wang Y, Li Z, Weng Q, Zheng Y, Lin Y, Guo J, Ye G. Clinical Diagnostic Values of Transfer RNA-Derived Fragment tRF-41-YDLBRY73W0K5KKOVD and its Effects on the Growth of Gastric Cancer Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:176-187. [PMID: 36867154 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious disease with high mortality and poor prognosis. It is known that tRNA halves play key roles in the progression of cancer. This study explored the function of the tRNA half tRF-41-YDLBRY73W0K5KKOVD in GC. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure RNA levels. The level of tRF-41-YDLBRY73W0K5KKOVD in GC cells was regulated by its mimics or inhibitor. Cell proliferation was evaluated by using a Cell Counting Kit-8 and EdU cell proliferation assay. A Transwell assay was used to detect cell migration. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle and apoptosis. The results showed that tRF-41-YDLBRY73W0K5KKOVD expression was decreased in GC cells and tissues. Functionally, overexpression of tRF-41-YDLBRY73W0K5KKOVD inhibited cell proliferation, reduced migration, repressed the cell cycle, and promoted cell apoptosis in GC cells. Based on RNA sequencing results and luciferase reporter assays, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2 (PAPSS2) was identified as a target gene of tRF-41-YDLBRY73W0K5KKOVD. These findings indicated that tRF-41-YDLBRY73W0K5KKOVD inhibited GC progression, suggesting that tRF-41-YDLBRY73W0K5KKOVD might be a potential therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiuyan Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo University, the Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
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16
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Guo J, Peng Y. A tRF oligomerizes Nucleolin to stabilize metastasis-favoring transcripts. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:646-648. [PMID: 36422759 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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17
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Yang M, Mo Y, Ren D, Liu S, Zeng Z, Xiong W. Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:32. [PMID: 36797764 PMCID: PMC9933334 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs responsible for amino acid translocation during protein synthesis and are ubiquitously found in organisms. With certain modifications and under specific conditions, tRNAs can be sheared and fragmented into small non-coding RNAs, also known as tRNA-derived small RNAs (tDRs). With the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatic strategies, more and more tDRs have been identified and their functions in organisms have been characterized. tRNA and it derived tDRs, have been shown to be essential not only for transcription and translation, but also for regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and immunity. Aberrant expression of tDRs is associated with a wide range of human diseases, especially with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem consisting of various cellular and cell-free components that are mutually compatible with the tumor. It has been shown that tDRs regulate the TME by regulating cancer stem cells, immunity, energy metabolism, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix remodeling, playing a pro-tumor or tumor suppressor role. In this review, the biogenesis, classification, and function of tDRs, as well as their effects on the TME and the clinical application prospects will be summarized and discussed based on up to date available knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daixi Ren
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shun Liu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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18
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van der Gulik PT, Egas M, Kraaijeveld K, Dombrowski N, Groot AT, Spang A, Hoff WD, Gallie J. On distinguishing between canonical tRNA genes and tRNA gene fragments in prokaryotes. RNA Biol 2023; 20:48-58. [PMID: 36727270 PMCID: PMC9897764 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2172370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated genome annotation is essential for extracting biological information from sequence data. The identification and annotation of tRNA genes is frequently performed by the software package tRNAscan-SE, the output of which is listed for selected genomes in the Genomic tRNA database (GtRNAdb). Here, we highlight a pervasive error in prokaryotic tRNA gene sets on GtRNAdb: the mis-categorization of partial, non-canonical tRNA genes as standard, canonical tRNA genes. Firstly, we demonstrate the issue using the tRNA gene sets of 20 organisms from the archaeal taxon Thermococcaceae. According to GtRNAdb, these organisms collectively deviate from the expected set of tRNA genes in 15 instances, including the listing of eleven putative canonical tRNA genes. However, after detailed manual annotation, only one of these eleven remains; the others are either partial, non-canonical tRNA genes resulting from the integration of genetic elements or CRISPR-Cas activity (seven instances), or attributable to ambiguities in input sequences (three instances). Secondly, we show that similar examples of the mis-categorization of predicted tRNA sequences occur throughout the prokaryotic sections of GtRNAdb. While both canonical and non-canonical prokaryotic tRNA gene sequences identified by tRNAscan-SE are biologically interesting, the challenge of reliably distinguishing between them remains. We recommend employing a combination of (i) screening input sequences for the genetic elements typically associated with non-canonical tRNA genes, and ambiguities, (ii) activating the tRNAscan-SE automated pseudogene detection function, and (iii) scrutinizing predicted tRNA genes with low isotype scores. These measures greatly reduce manual annotation efforts, and lead to improved prokaryotic tRNA gene set predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T.S. van der Gulik
- Department of Algorithms and Complexity, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CONTACT Peter T.S. van der Gulik Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Egas
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Kraaijeveld
- Leiden Centre for Applied Bioscience, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Dombrowski
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid T. Groot
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Spang
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter D. Hoff
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA,Wouter Hoff
| | - Jenna Gallie
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany,Jenna Gallie
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19
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Santos FB, Del-Bem LE. The Evolution of tRNA Copy Number and Repertoire in Cellular Life. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:27. [PMID: 36672768 PMCID: PMC9858662 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
tRNAs are universal decoders that bridge the gap between transcriptome and proteome. They can also be processed into small RNA fragments with regulatory functions. In this work, we show that tRNA copy number is largely controlled by genome size in all cellular organisms, in contrast to what is observed for protein-coding genes that stop expanding between ~20,000 and ~35,000 loci per haploid genome in eukaryotes, regardless of genome size. Our analyses indicate that after the bacteria/archaea split, the tRNA gene pool experienced the evolution of increased anticodon diversity in the archaeal lineage, along with a tRNA gene size increase and mature tRNA size decrease. The evolution and diversification of eukaryotes from archaeal ancestors involved further expansion of the tRNA anticodon repertoire, additional increase in tRNA gene size and decrease in mature tRNA length, along with an explosion of the tRNA gene copy number that emerged coupled with accelerated genome size expansion. Our findings support the notion that macroscopic eukaryotes with a high diversity of cell types, such as land plants and vertebrates, independently evolved a high diversity of tRNA anticodons along with high gene redundancy caused by the expansion of the tRNA copy number. The results presented here suggest that the evolution of tRNA genes played important roles in the early split between bacteria and archaea, and in eukaryogenesis and the later emergence of complex eukaryotes, with potential implications in protein translation and gene regulation through tRNA-derived RNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenícia Brito Santos
- Del-Bem Lab, Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz-Eduardo Del-Bem
- Del-Bem Lab, Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Qian T, Yu X, Xu A, Li H, Chen W, Zhong S. tRF-20-S998LO9D inhibits endometrial carcinoma by upregulating SESN2. Epigenomics 2022; 14:1563-1577. [PMID: 36803014 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the roles of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in endometrial carcinoma (EC). Materials & methods: tsRNA profiles for EC from TCGA were analyzed. The functions and mechanisms of tsRNA were explored using in vitro experiments. Results: 173 dysregulated tsRNAs were identified. After validating in EC tissues and serumal exosome samples from EC patients, a downregulated tsRNA in both EC tissues and serumal exosomes (i.e., tRF-20-S998LO9D) was observed. Exosomal tRF-20-S998LO9D had an area under the curve of 0.768. tRF-20-S998LO9D overexpression inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis of EC cells and tRF-20-S998LO9D knockdown further confirmed its effects. Further analyses showed that tRF-20-S998LO9D upregulated SESN2 in protein levels. Conclusion: tRF-20-S998LO9D inhibits EC cells by upregulating SESN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Qian
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinnian Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Andi Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huixin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing, Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China
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21
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Comprehensive Evaluation of Serum tRF-17-WS7K092 as a Promising Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8438726. [PMID: 36245992 PMCID: PMC9553536 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8438726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system. Since the early symptoms of GC are not obvious and lack efficient diagnostic markers, it is urgent to find new diagnostic markers with good sensitivity and specificity. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are an emerging class of small noncoding RNAs with good abundance in body fluids. We aim to find new tsRNAs as biomarkers for GC diagnosis. Methods High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed tsRNAs in GC tissues, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression level of tRF-17-WS7K092. Agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing were performed to verify the characteristics of tRF-17-WS7K092. The diagnostic efficacy of tRF-17-WS7K092 was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results In this study, the expression levels of tRF-17-WS7K092 were significantly increased in GC tissues, cells, and serum. After GC surgery, the expression level of serum tRF-17-WS7K092 decreased, and its high expression was associated with low survival rates. In addition, the expression level of serum tRF-17-WS7K092 was correlated with the T stage, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and nerve/vascular invasion and could distinguish GC patients from gastritis patients and healthy donors as well. Conclusions The expression of serum tRF-17-WS7K092 was significantly increased in GC and decreased after GC surgery, suggesting that serum tRF-17-WS7K092 may serve as a promising biomarker for the diagnostic and prognostic monitoring of GC.
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Gu X, Zhang Y, Qin X, Ma S, Huang Y, Ju S. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA: an emerging small non-coding RNA with key roles in cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:35. [PMID: 35658952 PMCID: PMC9164556 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) promote protein translation by binding to the corresponding amino acids and transporting them to the ribosome, which is essential in protein translation. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are derived fragments of tRNAs that are cleaved explicitly under certain conditions. An increasing amount of research has demonstrated that tsRNAs have biological functions rather than just being degradation products. tsRNAs can exert functions such as regulating gene expression to influence cancer progression. Their dysregulation is closely associated with various cancers and can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer. This review summarizes the generation, classification, and biological functions of tsRNAs, and highlights the roles of tsRNAs in different cancers and their applications as tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Gu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road, No. 20, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road, No. 20, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road, No. 20, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuo Ma
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road, No. 20, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuejiao Huang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road, No. 20, Nantong, China.
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road, No. 20, Nantong, China.
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Xu W, Zheng J, Wang X, Zhou B, Chen H, Li G, Yan F. tRF-Val-CAC-016 modulates the transduction of CACNA1d-mediated MAPK signaling pathways to suppress the proliferation of gastric carcinoma. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:68. [PMID: 35590368 PMCID: PMC9118711 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a new kind of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), tRNA derivatives play an important role in gastric carcinoma (GC). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism tRNA derivatives were involved in was rarely illustrated. Methods We screened out the tRNA derivative, tRF-Val-CAC-016, based on the tsRNA sequencing and demonstrated the effect tRF-Val-CAC-016 exerted on GC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We applied Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay, and bioinformatic analysis to discover the downstream target of tRF-Val-CAC-016. Then CACNA1d was selected, and the oncogenic characteristics were verified. Subsequently, we detected the possible regulation of the canonical MAPK signaling pathway to further explore the downstream mechanism of tRF-Val-CAC-016. Results As a result, we found that tRF-Val-CAC-016 was low-expressed in GC, and upregulation of tRF-Val-CAC-016 could significantly suppress the proliferation of GC cell lines. Meanwhile, tRF-Val-CAC-016 regulated the canonical MAPK signaling pathway by targeting CACNA1d. Conclusions tRF-Val-CAC-016 modulates the transduction of CACNA1d-mediated MAPK signaling pathways to suppress the proliferation of gastric carcinoma. This study discussed the function and mechanism of tRF-Val-CAC-016 in GC for the first time. The pioneering work has contributed to our present understanding of tRNA derivative, which might provide an alternative mean for the targeted therapy of GC. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00857-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanqiu Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Luo K, Li S, Zheng Z, Lai X, Ju M, Li C, Wan X. tsRNAs及其对植物响应非生物胁迫时基因表达的调控. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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