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Wang L, Hand JM, Fu L, Smith GW, Yao J. DNA methylation and miRNA-1296 act in concert to mediate spatiotemporal expression of KPNA7 during bovine oocyte and early embryonic development. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:23. [PMID: 31787077 PMCID: PMC6886206 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic regulation of oocyte-specific maternal factors is essential for oocyte and early embryonic development. KPNA7 is an oocyte-specific maternal factor, which controls transportation of nuclear proteins important for early embryonic development. To elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the controlled expression of KPNA7, both DNA methylation associated transcriptional silencing and microRNA (miRNA)-mediated mRNA degradation of KPNA7 were examined. RESULTS Comparison of DNA methylation profiles at the proximal promoter of KPNA7 gene between oocyte and 6 different somatic tissues identified 3 oocyte-specific differentially methylated CpG sites. Expression of KPNA7 mRNA was reintroduced in bovine kidney-derived CCL2 cells after treatment with the methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). Analysis of the promoter region of KPNA7 gene in CCL2 cells treated with 5-Aza-CdR showed a lighter methylation rate in all the CpG sites. Bioinformatic analysis predicted 4 miRNA-1296 binding sites in the coding region of KPNA7 mRNA. Ectopic co-expression of miRNA-1296 and KPNA7 in HEK293 cells led to reduced expression of KPNA7 protein. Quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that miRNA-1296 is expressed in oocytes and early stage embryos, and the expression reaches a peak level in 8-cell stage embryos, coincident with the time of embryonic genome activation and the start of declining of KPNA7 expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DNA methylation may account for oocyte-specific expression of KPNA7, and miRNA-1296 targeting the coding region of KPNA7 is a potential mechanism for KPNA7 transcript degradation during the maternal-to-zygotic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jacqelyn M Hand
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Liyuan Fu
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - George W Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Departments of Animal Science and Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jianbo Yao
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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2
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Cui Z, Sharma R, Agarwal A. Proteomic analysis of mature and immature ejaculated spermatozoa from fertile men. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:735-46. [PMID: 26510506 PMCID: PMC5000797 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.164924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional spermatozoa maturation is the main reason for the decrease in sperm motility and morphology in infertile men. Ejaculated spermatozoa from healthy fertile men were separated into four fractions using three-layer density gradient. Proteins were extracted and bands were digested on a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite hybrid mass spectrometer system. Functional annotations of proteins were obtained using bioinformatics tools and pathway databases. Western blotting was performed to verify the expression levels of the proteins of interest. 1469 proteins were identified in four fractions of spermatozoa. The number of detected proteins decreased according to the maturation level of spermatozoa. During spermatozoa maturation, proteins involved in gamete generation, cell motility, energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation processes showed increasing expression levels and those involved in protein biosynthesis, protein transport, protein ubiquitination, and response to oxidative stress processes showed decreasing expression levels. We validated four proteins (HSP 70 1A, clusterin, tektin 2 and tektin 3) by Western blotting. The study shows protein markers that may provide insight into the ejaculated spermatozoa proteins in different stages of sperm maturation that may be altered or modified in infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Cui
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Institute of Toxicology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China,
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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3
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Mihalas BP, Western PS, Loveland KL, McLaughlin EA, Holt JE. Changing expression and subcellular distribution of karyopherins during murine oogenesis. Reproduction 2015; 150:485-96. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte growth and development is driven by a strict program of gene expression that relies on the timely presence of transcriptional regulators via nuclear pores. By targeting specific cargos for nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, karyopherin (KPN) proteins are key to the relocation of essential transcription factors and chromatin-remodelling factors into and out of the nucleus. Using multiple complementary techniques, here we establish that KPNA genes and proteins are dynamically expressed and relocalised throughout mouse oogenesis and folliculogenesis. Of the KPNAs examined (Kpna1, Kpna2, Kpna3, Kpna4, Kpna6, Kpna7, Kpnb1, Ipo5 and Xpo1), all were expressed in the embryonic ovary with up-regulation of protein levels concomitant with meiotic entry for KPNA2, accompanied by the redistribution of the cellular localisation of KPNA2 and XPO1. In contrast, postnatal folliculogenesis revealed significant up-regulation of Kpna1, Kpna2, Kpna4, Kpna6 and Ipo5 and down-regulation of Kpnb1, Kpna7 and Xpo1 at the primordial to primary follicle transition. KPNAs exhibited different localisation patterns in both oocytes and granulosa cells during folliculogenesis, with three KPNAs – KPNA1, KPNA2 and IPO5 – displaying marked enrichment in the nucleus by antral follicle stage. Remarkably, varied subcellular expression profiles were also identified in isolated pre-ovulatory oocytes with KPNAs KPNA2, KPNB1 and IPO5 detected in the cytoplasm and at the nuclear rim and XPO1 in cytoplasmic aggregates. Intriguingly, meiotic spindle staining was also observed for KPNB1 and XPO1 in meiosis II eggs, implying roles for KPNAs outside of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Thus, we propose that KPNAs, by targeting specific cargoes, are likely to be key regulators of oocyte development.
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4
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Yaba A, Ordueri NEG, Tanriover G, Sahin P, Demir N, Celik-Ozenci C. Expression of CCM2 and CCM3 during mouse gonadogenesis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1497-507. [PMID: 26386873 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Three cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) proteins, CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, regulate cell-cell adhesion, cell shape and polarity, and most likely cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. Recently, CCM2 and CCM3 are known to be expressed in control and varicocele-induced rat testes, but little is known about these proteins during gonadogenesis. This led us to study the CCM proteins during the mouse gonadogenesis. METHODS Neonatal (PND 0), postnatal, and adult mice testes and ovaries were obtained from mice. CCM2 and CCM3 expression were analyzed during mouse testicular and ovarian development by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that in both sexes, Ccm2 and Ccm3 mRNA and protein were first detectable after gonadogenesis when the gonads were well differentiated and remained present until the adult stage. In the testis, CCM2 and CCM3 expression were restricted to the nuclei of Sertoli cells, suggesting a conserved role in testicular differentiation. In the ovary, the CCM2 and CCM3 proteins were localized in the cytoplasm of oocytes, suggesting an unexpected role during oogenesis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that expression of Ccm2 and Ccm3 genes could play a role in the regulation of mouse gonadogenesis translational activation upon testicular and ovarian development. CONCLUSIONS The localization of CCM2 and CCM3 proteins show their different functions for CCM2 and CCM3 which may have important roles in testicular and ovarian differentiation. In conclusion, CCM2 and CCM3 may be involved in establishing the differential expression pattern in developing mouse testis and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Yaba
- Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - N Ece Gungor Ordueri
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, 07070 Campus, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, 07070 Campus, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Pinar Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, 07070 Campus, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necdet Demir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, 07070 Campus, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ciler Celik-Ozenci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, 07070 Campus, Antalya, Turkey.
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5
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Sutherland JM, Sobinoff AP, Fraser BA, Redgrove KA, Davidson TL, Siddall NA, Koopman P, Hime GR, McLaughlin EA. RNA binding protein Musashi-1 directly targets Msi2 and Erh during early testis germ cell development and interacts with IPO5 upon translocation to the nucleus. FASEB J 2015; 29:2759-68. [PMID: 25782991 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlled gene regulation during gamete development is vital for maintaining reproductive potential. During the process of gamete development, male germ cells experience extended periods of inactive transcription despite requirements for continued growth and differentiation. Spermatogenesis therefore provides an ideal model to study the effects of posttranscriptional control on gene regulation. During spermatogenesis posttranscriptional regulation is orchestrated by abundantly expressed RNA-binding proteins. One such group of RNA-binding proteins is the Musashi family, previously identified as a critical regulator of testis germ cell development and meiosis in Drosophila and also shown to be vital to sperm development and reproductive potential in the mouse. We focus in depth on the role and function of the vertebrate Musashi ortholog Musashi-1 (MSI1). Through detailed expression studies and utilizing our novel transgenic Msi1 testis-specific overexpression model, we have identified 2 unique RNA-binding targets of MSI1 in spermatogonia, Msi2 and Erh, and have demonstrated a role for MSI1 in translational regulation. We have also provided evidence to suggest that nuclear import protein, IPO5, facilitates the nuclear translocation of MSI1 to the transcriptionally silenced XY chromatin domain in meiotic pachytene spermatocytes, resulting in the release of MSI1 RNA-binding targets. This firmly establishes MSI1 as a master regulator of posttranscriptional control during early spermatogenesis and highlights the significance of the subcellular localization of RNA binding proteins in relation to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie M Sutherland
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander P Sobinoff
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara A Fraser
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate A Redgrove
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tara-Lynne Davidson
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A Siddall
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Koopman
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary R Hime
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- *School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Wang L, Ma H, Fu L, Yao J. Kpna7 interacts with egg-specific nuclear factors in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:1136-45. [PMID: 25511304 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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7
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Mahboubi H, Seganathy E, Kong D, Stochaj U. Identification of Novel Stress Granule Components That Are Involved in Nuclear Transport. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68356. [PMID: 23826389 PMCID: PMC3694919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Importin-α1 belongs to a subfamily of nuclear transport adaptors and participates in diverse cellular functions. Best understood for its role in protein transport, importin-α1 also contributes to other biological processes. For instance, arsenite treatment causes importin-α1 to associate with cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) in mammalian cells. These stress-induced compartments contain translationally arrested mRNAs, small ribosomal subunits and numerous proteins involved in mRNA transport and metabolism. At present, it is not known whether members of all three importin-α subfamilies locate to SGs in response to stress. Results Here, we demonstrate that the oxidant diethyl maleate (DEM), arsenite and heat shock, promote the formation of cytoplasmic SGs that contain nuclear transport factors. Specifically, importin-α1, α4 and α5, which belong to distinct subfamilies, and importin-β1 were targeted by all of these stressors to cytoplasmic SGs, but not to P-bodies. Importin-α family members have been implicated in transcriptional regulation, which prompted us to analyze their ability to interact with poly(A)-RNA in growing cells. Our studies show that importin-α1, but not α4, α5, importin-β1 or CAS, associated with poly(A)-RNA under nonstress conditions. Notably, this interaction was significantly reduced when cells were treated with DEM. Additional studies suggest that importin-α1 is likely connected to poly(A)-RNA through an indirect interaction, as the adaptor did not bind homopolymer RNA specifically in vitro. Significance Our studies establish that members of three importin-α subfamilies are bona fide SG components under different stress conditions. Furthermore, importin-α1 is unique in its ability to interact with poly(A)-RNA in a stress-dependent fashion, and in vitro experiments indicate that this association is indirect. Collectively, our data emphasize that nuclear transport factors participate in a growing number of cellular activities that are modulated by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Mahboubi
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Dekun Kong
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Young JC, Ly-Huynh JD, Lescesen H, Miyamoto Y, Browne C, Yoneda Y, Koopman P, Loveland KL, Jans DA. The nuclear import factor importin α4 can protect against oxidative stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2348-56. [PMID: 23773962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The importin (IMP) superfamily of nuclear transport proteins is essential to key developmental pathways, including in the murine testis where expression of the 6 distinct IMPα proteins is highly dynamic. Present predominantly from the spermatocyte stage onwards, IMPα4 is unique in showing a striking nuclear localization, a property we previously found to be linked to maintenance of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and to the cellular stress response in cultured cells. Here we examine the role of IMPα4 in vivo for the first time using a novel transgenic mouse model in which we overexpress an IMPα4-EGFP fusion protein from the protamine 1 promoter to recapitulate endogenous testicular germ cell IMPα4 expression in spermatids. IMPα4 overexpression did not affect overall fertility, testis morphology/weight or spermatogenic progression under normal conditions, but conferred significantly (>30%) increased resistance to oxidative stress specifically in the spermatid subpopulation expressing the transgene. Consistent with a cell-specific role for IMPα4 in protecting against oxidative stress, haploid germ cells from IMPα4 null mice were significantly (c. 30%) less resistant to oxidative stress than wild type controls. These results from two unique and complementary mouse models demonstrate a novel protective role for IMPα4 in stress responses specifically within haploid male germline cells, with implications for male fertility and genetic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Australia
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9
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Expression and subcellular distribution of imp13 are regulated in brain development. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:346-53. [PMID: 23605716 PMCID: PMC3651826 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Imp13, a member of importin-β superfamily, is found to be one of two bidirectional transport receptors in many nuclear transport activities in mammals. Several cargoes of imp13 have been identified; most of these are essential factors involved in cell cycle and development. The expression and localization of imp13 may influence its cargoes in playing their roles in appropriate time and space. To gain insight into the role of imp13 in brain development, we generated an anti-imp13 polyclonal antibody and investigated the expressions of imp13 in mouse embryonic brains during development, including E13.5, E15.5, E17.5, P0, and adult, at both transcriptional and translational levels. In addition, we performed immunohistochemical analysis and revealed that imp13 tends to be localized in the cytoplasm at the early stages and relocates into the nucleus at the late stages in neuronal cells of mouse brains. These findings suggested that the expression and localization of imp13 in brain tissues are regulated developmentally, which extends our knowledge of the dynamic presence of imp13. These observations also imply that imp13 contributes to the neural cell-specific cargo trafficking and potentially to other functions during brain development.
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10
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Miyamoto Y, Baker MA, Whiley PA, Arjomand A, Ludeman J, Wong C, Jans DA, Loveland KL. Towards delineation of a developmental α-importome in the mammalian male germline. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:731-42. [PMID: 23159777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport mediated by importin proteins is central to many developmental processes, such as precisely regulated germ cell differentiation during spermatogenesis. Here we examine for the first time the dynamic association of importins with cargo during two successive spermatogenic stages: meiotic pachytene spermatocytes and haploid round spermatids of the adult rat testis. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry yielded the first non-biased identification of proteins selectively interacting with importin α2, α3 and α4 in each of these cell types. Amongst the 22 novel importin binding proteins identified, 11 contain a predicted classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS) for importin α binding using a new algorithm (Kosugi et al. [22]), although only 6 of these have known nuclear functions. An importin α2-immunoprecipitated protein with a key nuclear role in meiosis, structural maintenance of chromosomes 6 (SMC6), contained a predicted bipartite NLS that was shown to be preferentially recognized by importin α together with importin β1. In contrast, the predicted cNLS of synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 2 interacting protein (SSX2IP) was found not to confer either nuclear accumulation or direct binding to importin αs, implying that NLS prediction algorithms may identify cryptic importin binding sites or require additional refinement to increase their accuracy. Unbiased identification of importin α binding proteins in cellular differentiation represents a powerful tool to help identify the functional roles of importin αs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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11
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Miyamoto Y, Boag PR, Hime GR, Loveland KL. Regulated nucleocytoplasmic transport during gametogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2012; 1819:616-30. [PMID: 22326858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gametogenesis is the process by which sperm or ova are produced in the gonads. It is governed by a tightly controlled series of gene expression events, with some common and others distinct for males and females. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is of central importance to the fidelity of gene regulation that is required to achieve the precisely regulated germ cell differentiation essential for fertility. In this review we discuss the physiological importance for gamete formation of the molecules involved in classical nucleocytoplasmic protein transport, including importins/karyopherins, Ran and nucleoporins. To address what functions/factors are conserved or specialized for these developmental processes between species, we compare knowledge from mice, flies and worms. The present analysis provides evidence of the necessity for and specificity of each nuclear transport factor and for nucleoporins during germ cell differentiation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Transport and RNA Processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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12
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Nuclear retention of importin α coordinates cell fate through changes in gene expression. EMBO J 2011; 31:83-94. [PMID: 21964068 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cellular stresses including oxidative stress induce a collapse of the Ran gradient, which causes accumulation of importin α in the nucleus and a subsequent block of nuclear protein import. However, it is unknown whether accumulated importin α performs roles in the nucleus after its migration in response to stress. In this study, we found that nuclear-retained importin α2 binds with DNase I-sensitive nuclear component(s) and exhibits selective upregulation of mRNA encoding Serine/threonine kinase 35 (STK35) by microarray analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter analysis demonstrated that importin α2 can access to the promoter region of STK35 and accelerate its transcription in response to hydrogen peroxide exposure. Furthermore, constitutive overexpression of STK35 proteins enhances caspase-independent cell death under oxidative stress conditions. These results collectively reveal that nuclear-localized importin α2 influences gene expression and contributes directly to cell fate outcomes including non-apoptotic cell death.
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13
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Ly-Huynh JD, Lieu KG, Major AT, Whiley PAF, Holt JE, Loveland KL, Jans DA. Importin alpha2-interacting proteins with nuclear roles during mammalian spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:1191-202. [PMID: 21900684 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.091686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis, the process of generating haploid sperm capable of fertilizing the female gamete, requires the timely transport into the nucleus of transcription and chromatin-remodeling factors, mediated by members of the importin (IMP) superfamily. Previous IMP expression profiling implies a role for IMPalpha2 in testicular germ cells late in spermatogenesis. To identify interacting proteins of IMPalpha2 that are potential drivers of germ cell development, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening of an adult mouse testis library. IMPalpha2 interactions were verified by coimmunoprecipitation approaches, whereas immunohistochemical staining of testis sections confirmed their coexpression with IMPalpha2 in specific testicular cell types. Key interactors identified were a novel isoform of a cysteine and histidine rich protein (Chrp), a protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) family member involved in transcriptional regulation and sumoylation, Androgen receptor interacting protein 3 (Arip3), and Homologous protein 2 (Hop2), known to be involved in homologous chromosome pairing and recombination, all of which are highly expressed in the testis and show mRNA expression profiles similar to that of IMPalpha2 throughout testicular development. This is the first study to identify binding partners of IMPalpha2 in the developmental context of germ line development, and we propose that the regulated expression and timely IMPalpha2-mediated nuclear transport of these proteins may coordinate events during spermatogenesis, with IMPalpha2-mediated nuclear localization representing a potentially critical developmental switch in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Ly-Huynh
- Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Major AT, Whiley PAF, Loveland KL. Expression of nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery: clues to regulation of spermatogenic development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1668-88. [PMID: 21420444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is one example of a developmental process which requires tight control of gene expression to achieve normal growth and sustain function. This review is based on the principle that events in spermatogenesis are controlled by changes in the distribution of proteins between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Through analysis of the regulated production of nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery in mammalian spermatogenesis, this review addresses the concept that access to the nucleus is tightly controlled to enable and prevent differentiation. A broad review of nuclear transport components is presented, outlining the different categories of machinery required for import, export and non-nuclear functions. In addition, the complexity of nomenclature is addressed by the provision of a concise yet comprehensive listing of information that will aid in comparative studies of different transport proteins and the genes which encode them. We review a suite of existing transcriptional analyses which identify common and distinct patterns of transport machinery expression, showing how these can be linked with key events in spermatogenic development. The additional importance of this for human fertility is considered, in light of data that identify which importin and nuclear transport machinery components are present in testicular cancer specimens, while also providing an indication of how their presence (and absence) may be considered as potential mediators of oncogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Signaling and Cellular Fate through Modulation of Nuclear Protein Import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Major
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Australia
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Ye W, Lin W, Tartakoff AM, Tao T. Karyopherins in nuclear transport of homeodomain proteins during development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1654-62. [PMID: 21256166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain proteins are crucial transcription factors for cell differentiation, cell proliferation and organ development. Interestingly, their homeodomain signature structure is important for both their DNA-binding and their nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. The accurate nucleocytoplasmic distribution of these proteins is essential for their functions. We summarize information on (a) the roles of karyopherins for import and export of homeoproteins, (b) the regulation of their nuclear transport during development, and (c) the corresponding complexity of homeoprotein nucleocytoplasmic transport signals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Signaling and Cellular Fate through Modulation of Nuclear Protein Import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Ye
- Xiamen University School of Life Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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