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William JNG, Dhar R, Gundamaraju R, Sahoo OS, Pethusamy K, Raj AFPAM, Ramasamy S, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Karmakar S. SKping cell cycle regulation: role of ubiquitin ligase SKP2 in hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1288501. [PMID: 38559562 PMCID: PMC10978726 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1288501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) is a member of the F-box family of substrate-recognition subunits in the SCF ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. It is associated with ubiquitin-mediated degradation in the mammalian cell cycle components and other target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription. Being an oncogene in solid tumors and hematological malignancies, it is frequently associated with drug resistance and poor disease outcomes. In the current review, we discussed the novel role of SKP2 in different hematological malignancies. Further, we performed a limited in-silico analysis to establish the involvement of SKP2 in a few publicly available cancer datasets. Interestingly, our study identified Skp2 expression to be altered in a cancer-specific manner. While it was found to be overexpressed in several cancer types, few cancer showed a down-regulation in SKP2. Our review provides evidence for developing novel SKP2 inhibitors in hematological malignancies. We also investigated the effect of SKP2 status on survival and disease progression. In addition, the role of miRNA and its associated families in regulating Skp2 expression was explored. Subsequently, we predicted common miRNAs against Skp2 genes by using miRNA-predication tools. Finally, we discussed current approaches and future prospective approaches to target the Skp2 gene by using different drugs and miRNA-based therapeutics applications in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonahunnatha Nesson George William
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), Ageing Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Intestinal Mucosal Biology Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subbiah Ramasamy
- Cardiac Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Department Of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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2
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Feng T, Wang P, Zhang X. Skp2: A critical molecule for ubiquitination and its role in cancer. Life Sci 2024; 338:122409. [PMID: 38184273 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a multi-step process that serves as the primary pathway for protein degradation within cells. UPS activity also plays a crucial role in regulating various life processes, including the cell cycle, signal transduction, DNA repair, and others. The F-box protein Skp2, a crucial member of the UPS, plays a central role in the development of various diseases. Skp2 controls cancer cell growth and drug resistance by ubiquitinating modifications to a variety of proteins. This review emphasizes the multifaceted role of Skp2 in a wide range of cancers and the mechanisms involved, highlighting the potential of Skp2 as a therapeutic target in cancer. Additionally, we describe the impactful influence exerted by Skp2 in various other diseases beyond cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Urology, Shenyang 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Research for Bladder Diseases, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Urology, Shenyang 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Research for Bladder Diseases, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Urology, Shenyang 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Research for Bladder Diseases, Shenyang 110000, China.
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Cassidy K, Zhao H. Redefining the Scope of Targeted Protein Degradation: Translational Opportunities in Hijacking the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. Biochemistry 2023; 62:580-587. [PMID: 34569233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of multi-specific targeted protein degradation (TPD) therapies has made it possible to drug targets that have long been considered to be inaccessible. For this reason, the foremost TPD modalities - molecular glues and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) -have been widely adopted and developed in therapeutic programs across the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. While there are many clear advantages to these two approaches, there are also blind spots. Specifically, PROTACs and molecular glues are inherently mechanistically analogous in that targets of both are degraded via the 26s proteasome; however, not all disease-relevant targets are suitable for ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)-mediated degradation. The alternative mammalian protein degradation pathway, the autophagy-lysosome system (or ALS), is capable of degrading targets that elude the UPS such as long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates, and even abnormal organelles. Emerging TPD strategies- such as ATTEC, AUTAC, and LYTAC- take advantage of the substrate diversity of the ALS to greatly expand the clinical utility of TPD. In this Perspective, we will discuss the array of current TPD modalities, with a focus on critical evaluation of these novel ALS-mediated degradation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Cassidy
- Discovery Biology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Heng Zhao
- Discovery Biology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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4
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Liver Proteome Alterations in Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus) Infected by the Giant Liver Fluke Fascioloides magna. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121503. [PMID: 36558836 PMCID: PMC9786150 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fluke infections are recognised as diseases with worldwide distribution and considerable veterinary and public health importance. The giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, is an important non-native parasite which has been introduced to Europe, posing a threat to the survival of local wildlife populations such as red deer (Cervus elaphus). The aim of the study was to analyse differences in liver proteomes between F. magna-infected and control red deer groups using a label-based high-throughput quantitative proteomics approach. The proteomics analysis identified 234 proteins with differential abundance between the control and infected groups. Our findings showed that F. magna infection in this definitive host is associated with changes in the metabolism of proteins and fatty acids, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and signaling pathways. The identified proteins and associated biological pathways represent a valuable contribution to the understanding of host-parasite interactions and the pathogenesis of liver fluke infection.
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5
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Cdh1 Deficiency Sensitizes TNBC Cells to PARP Inhibitors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050803. [PMID: 35627188 PMCID: PMC9141497 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast tumor that currently lacks options for targeted therapy. Tremendous effort has been made to identify treatment targets for TNBC. Here, we report that the expression level of anaphase promoting complex (APC) coactivator Cdh1 in TNBC is elevated compared to that in the adjacent healthy tissues, and high levels of Cdh1 expression are correlated with poor prognoses, suggesting that Cdh1 contributes to the progression of TNBC. Interfering with the function of Cdh1 can potentiate the cytotoxic effects of PARP inhibitors against BRCA-deficient and BRCA-proficient TNBC cells through inducing DNA damage, checkpoint activation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Further investigation reveals that Cdh1 promotes BRCA1 foci formation and prevents untangled DNA entering mitosis in response to PARP inhibition (PARPi) in TNBC cells. Collectively, these results suggest that APC/Cdh1 is a potential molecular target for PARPi-based therapies against TNBCs.
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, which usually occurs in children and adolescents. It is generally a high-grade malignancy presenting with extreme metastases to the lungs or other bones. The etiology of the disease is multifaceted and still remains obscure. A combination of surgery and chemotherapy has played a major role in the treatment of OS over the past three decades, and consequently, the overall survival rates for the disease have remained unchanged. Therefore, there is an urgent need to employ new comprehensive analyses and technologies to develop significantly more informative classification systems, with the aim of developing more effective and less toxic therapies for OS patients. This review discusses the existing knowledge of OS therapy and potential methods to develop novel therapeutic agents for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Abigail L Pfaff
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Biomolecular Condensates in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1483. [PMID: 34573116 PMCID: PMC8465482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles (MLOs) that form dynamic, chemically distinct subcellular compartments organizing macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA in unicellular prokaryotic bacteria and complex eukaryotic cells. Separated from surrounding environments, MLOs in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and mitochondria assemble by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into transient, non-static, liquid-like droplets that regulate essential molecular functions. LLPS is primarily controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that fine-tune the balance between attractive and repulsive charge states and/or binding motifs of proteins. Aberrant phase separation due to dysregulated membrane lipid rafts and/or PTMs, as well as the absence of adequate hydrotropic small molecules such as ATP, or the presence of specific RNA proteins can cause pathological protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin may exert a dominant influence over phase separation in biomolecular condensates by optimizing membrane and MLO interdependent reactions through stabilizing lipid raft domains, reducing line tension, and maintaining negative membrane curvature and fluidity. As a potent antioxidant, melatonin protects cardiolipin and other membrane lipids from peroxidation cascades, supporting protein trafficking, signaling, ion channel activities, and ATPase functionality during condensate coacervation or dissolution. Melatonin may even control condensate LLPS through PTM and balance mRNA- and RNA-binding protein composition by regulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. There is currently a lack of pharmaceuticals targeting neurodegenerative disorders via the regulation of phase separation. The potential of melatonin in the modulation of biomolecular condensate in the attenuation of aberrant condensate aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Wu T, Gu X, Cui H. Emerging Roles of SKP2 in Cancer Drug Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051147. [PMID: 34068643 PMCID: PMC8150781 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of all cancer patients receive chemotherapy, however, some of them easily acquire drug resistance. Resistance to chemotherapy has become a massive obstacle to achieve high rates of pathological complete response during cancer therapy. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), as an E3 ligase, was found to be highly correlated with drug resistance and poor prognosis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms that Skp2 confers to drug resistance, including the Akt-Skp2 feedback loop, Skp2-p27 pathway, cell cycle and mitosis regulation, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) property, enhanced DNA damage response and repair, etc. We also addressed novel molecules that either inhibit Skp2 expression or target Skp2-centered interactions, which might have vast potential for application in clinics and benefit cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Xinsheng Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China;
| | - Hongmei Cui
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Islam S, Dutta P, Chopra K, Rapole S, Chauhan R, Santra MK. FBXW8 regulates G1 and S phases of cell cycle progression by restricting β-TrCP1 function. FEBS J 2021; 288:5474-5497. [PMID: 33742524 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sequential alteration in the expression levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins is crucial for faithful cell cycle progression to maintain the cellular homeostasis. F-box protein β-TrCP1 is known to control the expression levels of several important cell cycle regulatory proteins. However, how the function of β-TrCP1 is regulated in spatiotemporal manner during cell cycle progression remains elusive. Here, we show that expression levels of β-TrCP1 oscillate during cell cycle progression with a minimum level at the G1 and S phases of cell cycle. Using biochemical, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence techniques, we found that oscillation of β-TrCP1 expression is controlled by another F-box protein FBXW8. FBXW8 directs the proteasomal degradation of β-TrCP1 in MAPK pathway-dependent manner. Interestingly, we found that the attenuation of β-TrCP1 by FBXW8 is important for Cdc25A-mediated cell cycle transition from G1 phase to S phase as well as DNA damage-free progression of S phase. Overall, our study reveals the intriguing molecular mechanism and significance of maintenance of β-TrCP1 levels during cell cycle progression by FBXW8-mediated proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehbanul Islam
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
| | - Parul Dutta
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
| | - Kriti Chopra
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Radha Chauhan
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
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10
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Cwiklinski K, Robinson MW, Donnelly S, Dalton JP. Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the cellular and molecular processes that drive growth and development of Fasciola hepatica in the host liver. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:46. [PMID: 33430759 PMCID: PMC7797711 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The major pathogenesis associated with Fasciola hepatica infection results from the extensive tissue damage caused by the tunnelling and feeding activity of immature flukes during their migration, growth and development in the liver. This is compounded by the pathology caused by host innate and adaptive immune responses that struggle to simultaneously counter infection and repair tissue damage. Results Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic approaches defined the F. hepatica factors associated with their migration in the liver, and the resulting immune-pathogenesis. Immature liver-stage flukes express ~ 8000 transcripts that are enriched for transcription and translation processes reflective of intensive protein production and signal transduction pathways. Key pathways that regulate neoblast/pluripotent cells, including the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, are particularly dominant and emphasise the importance of neoblast-like cells for the parasite’s rapid development. The liver-stage parasites display different secretome profiles, reflecting their distinct niche within the host, and supports the view that cathepsin peptidases, cathepsin peptidase inhibitors, saposins and leucine aminopeptidases play a central role in the parasite’s destructive migration, and digestion of host tissue and blood. Immature flukes are also primed for countering immune attack by secreting immunomodulating fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) and helminth defence molecules (FhHDM). Combined with published host microarray data, our results suggest that considerable immune cell infiltration and subsequent fibrosis of the liver tissue exacerbates oxidative stress within parenchyma that compels the expression of a range of antioxidant molecules within both host and parasite. Conclusions The migration of immature F. hepatica parasites within the liver is associated with an increase in protein production, expression of signalling pathways and neoblast proliferation that drive their rapid growth and development. The secretion of a defined set of molecules, particularly cathepsin L peptidases, peptidase-inhibitors, saponins, immune-regulators and antioxidants allow the parasite to negotiate the liver micro-environment, immune attack and increasing levels of oxidative stress. This data contributes to the growing F. hepatica -omics information that can be exploited to understand parasite development more fully and for the design of novel control strategies to prevent host liver tissue destruction and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - John P Dalton
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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11
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Li C, Beauregard-Lacroix E, Kondratev C, Rousseau J, Heo AJ, Neas K, Graham BH, Rosenfeld JA, Bacino CA, Wagner M, Wenzel M, Al Mutairi F, Al Deiab H, Gleeson JG, Stanley V, Zaki MS, Kwon YT, Leroux MR, Campeau PM. UBR7 functions with UBR5 in the Notch signaling pathway and is involved in a neurodevelopmental syndrome with epilepsy, ptosis, and hypothyroidism. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:134-147. [PMID: 33340455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system facilitates the degradation of unstable or damaged proteins. UBR1-7, which are members of hundreds of E3 ubiquitin ligases, recognize and regulate the half-life of specific proteins on the basis of their N-terminal sequences ("N-end rule"). In seven individuals with intellectual disability, epilepsy, ptosis, hypothyroidism, and genital anomalies, we uncovered bi-allelic variants in UBR7. Their phenotype differs significantly from that of Johanson-Blizzard syndrome (JBS), which is caused by bi-allelic variants in UBR1, notably by the presence of epilepsy and the absence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and hypoplasia of nasal alae. While the mechanistic etiology of JBS remains uncertain, mutation of both Ubr1 and Ubr2 in the mouse or of the C. elegans UBR5 ortholog results in Notch signaling defects. Consistent with a potential role in Notch signaling, C. elegans ubr-7 expression partially overlaps with that of ubr-5, including in neurons, as well as the distal tip cell that plays a crucial role in signaling to germline stem cells via the Notch signaling pathway. Analysis of ubr-5 and ubr-7 single mutants and double mutants revealed genetic interactions with the Notch receptor gene glp-1 that influenced development and embryo formation. Collectively, our findings further implicate the UBR protein family and the Notch signaling pathway in a neurodevelopmental syndrome with epilepsy, ptosis, and hypothyroidism that differs from JBS. Further studies exploring a potential role in histone regulation are warranted given clinical overlap with KAT6B disorders and the interaction of UBR7 and UBR5 with histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Eliane Beauregard-Lacroix
- Medical Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Christine Kondratev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Justine Rousseau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ah Jung Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Katherine Neas
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Wellington South 6242, New Zealand
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Carlos A Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich and Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | | | - Fuad Al Mutairi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and Medical Genetic Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al Deiab
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and Medical Genetic Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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12
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Role of Melatonin in the Synchronization of Asexual Forms in the Parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091243. [PMID: 32867164 PMCID: PMC7563138 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The indoleamine compound melatonin has been extensively studied in the regulation of the circadian rhythm in nearly all vertebrates. The effects of melatonin have also been studied in Protozoan parasites, especially in the synchronization of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum via a complex downstream signalling pathway. Melatonin activates protein kinase A (PfPKA) and requires the activation of protein kinase 7 (PfPK7), PLC-IP3, and a subset of genes from the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In other parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii, melatonin increases inflammatory components, thus amplifying the protective response of the host’s immune system and affecting parasite load. The development of melatonin-related indole compounds exhibiting antiparasitic properties clearly suggests this new and effective approach as an alternative treatment. Therefore, it is critical to understand how melatonin confers stimulatory functions in host–parasite biology.
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13
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Asmamaw MD, Liu Y, Zheng YC, Shi XJ, Liu HM. Skp2 in the ubiquitin-proteasome system: A comprehensive review. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1920-1949. [PMID: 32391596 DOI: 10.1002/med.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a complex process that regulates protein stability and activity by the sequential actions of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes to influence diverse aspects of eukaryotic cells. However, due to the diversity of proteins in cells, substrate selection is a highly critical part of the process. As a key player in UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases recruit substrates for ubiquitination specifically. Among them, RING E3 ubiquitin ligases which are the most abundant E3 ubiquitin ligases contribute to diverse cellular processes. The multisubunit cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of RING E3 ubiquitin ligases with tremendous plasticity in substrate specificity and regulate a vast array of cellular functions. The F-box protein Skp2 is a component of CRL1 (the prototype of CRLs) which is expressed in many tissues and participates in multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation, metabolism, and tumorigenesis by contributing to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of several specific tumor suppressors. Most importantly, Skp2 plays a pivotal role in a plethora of cancer-associated signaling pathways. It enhances cell growth, accelerates cell cycle progression, promotes migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis among others. Hence, targeting Skp2 may represent a novel and attractive strategy for the treatment of different human cancers overexpressing this oncogene. In this review article, we summarized the known roles of Skp2 both in health and disease states in relation to the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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14
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Pal D, Torres AE, Stromberg BR, Messina AL, Dickson AS, De K, Willard B, Venere M, Summers MK. Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdh1 promotes the SCF βTRCP-dependent degradation of Cdh1 during S-phase and efficient cell-cycle progression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:298. [PMID: 32345958 PMCID: PMC7188793 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
APC/CCdh1 is a ubiquitin ligase with roles in numerous diverse processes, including control of cellular proliferation and multiple aspects of the DNA damage response. Precise regulation of APC/CCdh1 activity is central to efficient cell-cycle progression and cellular homeostasis. Here, we have identified Cdh1 as a direct substrate of the replication stress checkpoint effector kinase Chk1 and demonstrate that Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdh1 contributes to its recognition by the SCFβTRCP ubiquitin ligase, promotes efficient S-phase entry, and is important for cellular proliferation during otherwise unperturbed cell cycles. We also find that prolonged Chk1 activity in late S/G2 inhibits Cdh1 accumulation. In addition to promoting control of APC/CCdh1 activity by facilitating Cdh1 destruction, we find that Chk1 also antagonizes activity of the ligase by perturbing the interaction between Cdh1 and the APC/C. Overall, these data suggest that the rise and fall of Chk1 activity contributes to the regulation of APC/CCdh1 activity that enhances the replication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Adrian E Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin R Stromberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abbey L Messina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Andrew S Dickson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kuntal De
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Monica Venere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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15
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Brauer BL, Moon TM, Sheftic SR, Nasa I, Page R, Peti W, Kettenbach AN. Leveraging New Definitions of the LxVP SLiM To Discover Novel Calcineurin Regulators and Substrates. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2672-2682. [PMID: 31633908 PMCID: PMC6925343 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Calcineurin (CN, PP2B, PP3) recognizes and binds to two short linear motifs (SLiMs), PxIxIT and LxVP, in its regulators and substrates. These interactions enable CN function in many key biological processes. The identification of SLiMs is difficult because of their short, degenerate sequence and often low binding affinity. Here we combine Structure Based Shape Complementarity (SBSC) analysis and proteome-wide affinity purification-mass spectrometry to identify PxIxIT and LxVP containing CN interactors to expand and thereby redefine the LxVP motif. We find that the new πφ-LxVx primary sequence defines an ensemble of binding competent confirmations and thus the binding on-rate, making it difficult to predict the LxVP binding strength from its sequence. Our analysis confirms existing and, more importantly, identifies novel CN interactors, substrates, and thus biological functions of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Thomas M. Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sarah R. Sheftic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Isha Nasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
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16
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Theoretical study of the inhibition mechanism of human 20S proteasome by dihydroeponemycin. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:399-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Nagai M, Shibata A, Ushimaru T. Cdh1 degradation is mediated by APC/C-Cdh1 and SCF-Cdc4 in budding yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:932-938. [PMID: 30396569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cdh1, a substrate-recognition subunit of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), is a tumor suppressor, and it is downregulated in various tumor cells in humans. APC/C-Cdh1 is activated from late M phase to G1 phase by antagonizing Cdk1-mediated inhibitory phosphorylation. However, how Cdh1 protein levels are properly regulated is ill-defined. Here we show that Cdh1 is degraded via APC/C-Cdh1 and Skp1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF)-Cdc4 in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cdh1 degradation was promoted by forced localization of Cdh1 into the nucleus, where APC/C and SCF are present. Cdk1 promoted APC/C-Cdh1-mediated Cdh1 degradation, whereas polo kinase Cdc5 elicited SCF-Cdc4-mediated degradation. Thus, Cdh1 degradation is controlled via multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Nagai
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shibata
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushimaru
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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18
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Kocaturk NM, Gozuacik D. Crosstalk Between Mammalian Autophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:128. [PMID: 30333975 PMCID: PMC6175981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are the two major intracellular quality control and recycling mechanisms that are responsible for cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. Ubiquitylation is utilized as a degradation signal by both systems, yet, different mechanisms are in play. The UPS is responsible for the degradation of short-lived proteins and soluble misfolded proteins whereas autophagy eliminates long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates and even whole organelles (e.g., mitochondria, peroxisomes) and intracellular parasites (e.g., bacteria). Both the UPS and selective autophagy recognize their targets through their ubiquitin tags. In addition to an indirect connection between the two systems through ubiquitylated proteins, recent data indicate the presence of connections and reciprocal regulation mechanisms between these degradation pathways. In this review, we summarize these direct and indirect interactions and crosstalks between autophagy and the UPS, and their implications for cellular stress responses and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Mehpare Kocaturk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Mapa CE, Arsenault HE, Conti MM, Poti KE, Benanti JA. A balance of deubiquitinating enzymes controls cell cycle entry. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2821-2834. [PMID: 30207830 PMCID: PMC6249862 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-07-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation during the cell cycle is controlled by the opposing activities of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Although the functions of ubiquitin ligases in the cell cycle have been studied extensively, the roles of DUBs in this process are less well understood. Here, we used an overexpression screen to examine the specificities of each of the 21 DUBs in budding yeast for 37 cell cycle-regulated proteins. We find that DUBs up-regulate specific subsets of proteins, with five DUBs regulating the greatest number of targets. Overexpression of Ubp10 had the largest effect, stabilizing 15 targets and delaying cells in mitosis. Importantly, UBP10 deletion decreased the stability of the cell cycle regulator Dbf4, delayed the G1/S transition, and slowed proliferation. Remarkably, deletion of UBP10 together with deletion of four additional DUBs restored proliferation to near-wild-type levels. Among this group, deletion of the proteasome-associated DUB Ubp6 alone reversed the G1/S delay and restored the stability of Ubp10 targets in ubp10Δ cells. Similarly, deletion of UBP14, another DUB that promotes proteasomal activity, rescued the proliferation defect in ubp10Δ cells. Our results suggest that DUBs function through a complex genetic network in which their activities are coordinated to facilitate accurate cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine E Mapa
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Heather E Arsenault
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Michelle M Conti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Kristin E Poti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Jennifer A Benanti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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20
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Mishra R, Upadhyay A, Prajapati VK, Mishra A. Proteasome-mediated proteostasis: Novel medicinal and pharmacological strategies for diseases. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1916-1973. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Life Sciences; Central University of Rajasthan; Rajasthan India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
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21
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Noguchi A, Adachi S, Yokota N, Hatta T, Natsume T, Kawahara H. ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated CCCH protein necessary for DNA lesion-induced S-phase arrest. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.031575. [PMID: 29449217 PMCID: PMC5898266 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ZFP36L2 promotes the destruction of AU-rich element-containing transcripts, while its regulation and functional significance in cell cycle control are scarcely identified. We show that ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated CCCH protein, the abundance of which is regulated post-translationally at the respective stages of the cell cycle. Indeed, ZFP36L2 protein was eliminated after release from M phase, and ZYG11B-based E3 ligase plays a role in its polyubiquitination in interphase. Although ZFP36L2 is dispensable for normal cell cycle progression, we found that endogenous ZFP36L2 played a key role in cisplatin-induced S-phase arrest, a process in which the suppression of G1/S cyclins is necessary. The accumulation of ZFP36L2 was stimulated under DNA replication stresses and altered interactions with a subset of RNA-binding proteins. Notably, silencing endogenous ZFP36L2 led to impaired cell viability in the presence of cisplatin-induced DNA lesions. Thus, we propose that ZFP36L2 is a key protein that controls S-phase progression in the case of genome instability. Summary: ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated RNA-binding protein, the abundance of which is regulated post-translationally. This protein is especially accumulated in and critical for the survival of DNA-damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shungo Adachi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Naoto Yokota
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hatta
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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22
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USP14 is a predictor of recurrence in endometrial cancer and a molecular target for endometrial cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:30962-76. [PMID: 27121063 PMCID: PMC5058731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Most endometrial cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage and have good prognosis. Unfortunately a subset of patients with early stage and low grade disease experience recurrence for reasons that remain unclear. Recurrence is often accompanied by chemoresistance and high mortality. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are key components of the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway and act as master regulators in a number of metabolic processes including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. DUBs have been shown to be upregulated in a number of human cancers and their aberrant activity has been linked to cancer progression, initiation and onset of chemoresistance. Thus, selective inhibition of DUBs has been proposed as a targeted therapy for cancer treatment. This study suggests the DUB USP14 as a promising biomarker for stratifying endometrial cancer patients at diagnosis based on their risk of recurrence. Further USP14 is expressed along with the marker of proliferation Ki67 in endometrial cancer cells in situ. Lastly, pharmacological targeting of USP14 with the FDA approved small-molecule inhibitor VLX1570, decreases cell viability in chemotherapy resistant endometrial cancer cells with a mechanism consistent with cell cycle arrest and caspase-3 mediated apoptosis.
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23
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Doughty TW, Arsenault HE, Benanti JA. Levels of Ycg1 Limit Condensin Function during the Cell Cycle. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006216. [PMID: 27463097 PMCID: PMC4963108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis chromosomes are condensed to facilitate their segregation, through a process mediated by the condensin complex. Although several factors that promote maximal condensin activity during mitosis have been identified, the mechanisms that downregulate condensin activity during interphase are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Ycg1, the Cap-G subunit of budding yeast condensin, is cell cycle-regulated with levels peaking in mitosis and decreasing as cells enter G1 phase. This cyclical expression pattern is established by a combination of cell cycle-regulated transcription and constitutive degradation. Interestingly, overexpression of YCG1 and mutations that stabilize Ycg1 each result in delayed cell-cycle entry and an overall proliferation defect. Overexpression of no other condensin subunit impacts the cell cycle, suggesting that Ycg1 is limiting for condensin complex formation. Consistent with this possibility, we find that levels of intact condensin complex are reduced in G1 phase compared to mitosis, and that increased Ycg1 expression leads to increases in both levels of condensin complex and binding to chromatin in G1. Together, these results demonstrate that Ycg1 levels limit condensin function in interphase cells, and suggest that the association of condensin with chromosomes must be reduced following mitosis to enable efficient progression through the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Doughty
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather E. Arsenault
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Benanti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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24
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Foci of cyclin A2 interact with actin and RhoA in mitosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27215. [PMID: 27279564 PMCID: PMC4899731 DOI: 10.1038/srep27215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A2 is a key player in the regulation of the cell cycle. Its degradation in mid-mitosis depends primarily on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), while autophagy also contributes. However, a fraction of cyclin A2 persists beyond metaphase. In this work, we focus on cyclin A2-rich foci detected in mitosis by high resolution imaging and analyse their movements. We demonstrate that cyclin A2 interacts with actin and RhoA during mitosis, and that cyclin A2 depletion induces a dramatic decrease in active RhoA in mitosis. Our data suggest cyclin A2 participation in RhoA activation in late mitosis.
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25
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Takasugi T, Minegishi S, Asada A, Saito T, Kawahara H, Hisanaga SI. Two Degradation Pathways of the p35 Cdk5 (Cyclin-dependent Kinase) Activation Subunit, Dependent and Independent of Ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4649-57. [PMID: 26631721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdk5 is a versatile protein kinase that is involved in various neuronal activities, such as the migration of newborn neurons, neurite outgrowth, synaptic regulation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Cdk5 requires the p35 regulatory subunit for activation. Because Cdk5 is more abundantly expressed in neurons compared with p35, the p35 protein levels determine the kinase activity of Cdk5. p35 is a protein with a short half-life that is degraded by proteasomes. Although ubiquitination of p35 has been previously reported, the degradation mechanism of p35 is not yet known. Here, we intended to identify the ubiquitination site(s) in p35. Because p35 is myristoylated at the N-terminal glycine, the possible ubiquitination sites are the lysine residues in p35. We mutated all 23 Lys residues to Arg (p35 23R), but p35 23R was still rapidly degraded by proteasomes at a rate similar to wild-type p35. The degradation of p35 23R in primary neurons and the Cdk5 activation ability of p35 23R suggested the occurrence of ubiquitin-independent degradation of p35 in physiological conditions. We found that p35 has the amino acid sequence similar to the ubiquitin-independent degron in the NKX3.1 homeodomain transcription factor. An Ala mutation at Pro-247 in the degron-like sequence made p35 stable. These results suggest that p35 can be degraded by two degradation pathways: ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent. The rapid degradation of p35 by two different methods would be a mechanism to suppress the production of p25, which overactivates Cdk5 to induce neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akiko Asada
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Taro Saito
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Graduate School of Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Mianami-osawa, Hachioji,Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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26
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Rahimi H, Ahmadzadeh A, Yousef-amoli S, Kokabee L, Shokrgozar MA, Mahdian R, Karimipoor M. The expression pattern of APC2 and APC7 in various cancer cell lines and AML patients. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:259-63. [PMID: 26046517 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaphase promoting complex (APC/C) is an E3 ligase enzyme, which ubiquinates various proteins involved in the cell cycle. This protein complex may have a pivotal role in the cell cycle control affecting pathological conditions such as cancer. APC7 and APC2 subunits of the APC/C complex are involved in the substrate recognition and the catalytic reaction, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, quantitative Real-time PCR was used to analyse APC2 and APC7 expression in different cancer cell lines as well as AML patient's blood cells. RESULTS The results showed that APC2 and APC7 subunits were both over expressed in cancer cell lines (p=0.008). The mean expression ratio of APC2 and APC7 in different cancer cells were 2.60±0.22 and 4.83±0.11, respectively. An increase in expression of APC2 and APC7 was seen among 12 out of 14 AML patients (85%). There was a significant positive correlation between APC2 upregulation and the detection of splenomegaly in the patients (r=0.808, p=0.001). CONCLUSION This was the first study suggesting that APC/C upregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and can be used as a molecular biomarker to predict the progression and the prognosis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Rahimi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Shafa Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shamseddin Yousef-amoli
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Kokabee
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mahdian
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mortaza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Kaake RM, Kao A, Yu C, Huang L. Characterizing the dynamics of proteasome complexes by proteomics approaches. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:2444-56. [PMID: 24423446 PMCID: PMC4241863 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The proteasome is the degradation machine of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is critical in controlling many essential biological processes. Aberrant regulation of proteasome-dependent protein degradation can lead to various human diseases, and general proteasome inhibitors have shown efficacy for cancer treatments. Though clinically effective, current proteasome inhibitors have detrimental side effects and, thus, better therapeutic strategies targeting proteasomes are needed. Therefore, a comprehensive characterization of proteasome complexes will provide the molecular details that are essential for developing new and improved drugs. RECENT ADVANCES New mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approaches have been developed to study protein interaction networks and structural topologies of proteasome complexes. The results have helped define the dynamic proteomes of proteasome complexes, thus providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying proteasome function and regulation. CRITICAL ISSUES The proteasome exists as heterogeneous populations in tissues/cells, and its proteome is highly dynamic and complex. In addition, proteasome complexes are regulated by various mechanisms under different physiological conditions. Consequently, complete proteomic profiling of proteasome complexes remains a major challenge for the field. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We expect that proteomic methodologies enabling full characterization of proteasome complexes will continue to evolve. Further advances in MS instrumentation and protein separation techniques will be needed to facilitate the detailed proteomic analysis of low-abundance components and subpopulations of proteasome complexes. The results will help us understand proteasome biology as well as provide new therapeutic targets for disease diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Kaake
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California
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28
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Andrews CD, Payne JF, Rise ML. Identification of a gene set to evaluate the potential effects of loud sounds from seismic surveys on the ears of fishes: a study with Salmo salar. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:1793-1819. [PMID: 24814183 PMCID: PMC4277336 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomic studies were carried out on the inner ear of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar following exposure to a seismic airgun. Microarray analyses revealed 79 unique transcripts (passing background threshold), with 42 reproducibly up-regulated and 37 reproducibly down-regulated in exposed v. control fish. Regarding the potential effects on cellular energetics and cellular respiration, altered transcripts included those with roles in oxygen transport, the glycolytic pathway, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. Of these, a number of transcripts encoding haemoglobins that are important in oxygen transport were up-regulated and among the most highly expressed. Up-regulation of transcripts encoding nicotinamide riboside kinase 2, which is also important in energy production and linked to nerve cell damage, points to evidence of neuronal damage in the ear following noise exposure. Transcripts related to protein modification or degradation also indicated potential damaging effects of sound on ear tissues. Notable in this regard were transcripts associated with the proteasome-ubiquitin pathway, which is involved in protein degradation, with the transcript encoding ubiquitin family domain-containing protein 1 displaying the highest response to exposure. The differential expression of transcripts observed for some immune responses could potentially be linked to the rupture of cell membranes. Meanwhile, the altered expression of transcripts for cytoskeletal proteins that contribute to the structural integrity of the inner ear could point to repair or regeneration of ear tissues including auditory hair cells. Regarding potential effects on hormones and vitamins, the protein carrier for thyroxine and retinol (vitamin A), namely transthyretin, was altered at the transcript expression level and it has been suggested from studies in mammalian systems that retinoic acid may play a role in the regeneration of damaged hair cells. The microarray experiment identified the transcript encoding growth hormone I as up-regulated by loud sound, supporting previous evidence linking growth hormone to hair cell regeneration in fishes. Quantitative (q) reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses confirmed dysregulation of some microarray-identified transcripts and in some cases revealed a high level of biological variability in the exposed group. These results support the potential utility of molecular biomarkers to evaluate the effect of seismic surveys on fishes with studies on the ears being placed in a priority category for development of exposure-response relationships. Knowledge of such relationships is necessary for addressing the question of potential size of injury zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Andrews
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 East White Hills Rd, St John's, NL, A1C 5X1, Canada
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Fabre B, Lambour T, Garrigues L, Ducoux-Petit M, Amalric F, Monsarrat B, Burlet-Schiltz O, Bousquet-Dubouch MP. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Dynamics of Proteasome Complexes Composition and Stoichiometry in a Wide Range of Human Cell Lines. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3027-37. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Fabre
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; IPBS; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Lambour
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; IPBS; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Garrigues
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; IPBS; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Manuelle Ducoux-Petit
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; IPBS; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - François Amalric
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; IPBS; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Monsarrat
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; IPBS; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; IPBS; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Bousquet-Dubouch
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; IPBS; F-31077 Toulouse, France
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Delta-lactoferrin induces cell death via the mitochondrial death signaling pathway by upregulating bax expression. Biometals 2014; 27:875-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Landry BD, Mapa CE, Arsenault HE, Poti KE, Benanti JA. Regulation of a transcription factor network by Cdk1 coordinates late cell cycle gene expression. EMBO J 2014; 33:1044-60. [PMID: 24714560 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201386877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain genome stability, regulators of chromosome segregation must be expressed in coordination with mitotic events. Expression of these late cell cycle genes is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk1), which phosphorylates a network of conserved transcription factors (TFs). However, the effects of Cdk1 phosphorylation on many key TFs are not known. We find that elimination of Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of four S-phase TFs decreases expression of many late cell cycle genes, delays mitotic progression, and reduces fitness in budding yeast. Blocking phosphorylation impairs degradation of all four TFs. Consequently, phosphorylation-deficient mutants of the repressors Yox1 and Yhp1 exhibit increased promoter occupancy and decreased expression of their target genes. Interestingly, although phosphorylation of the transcriptional activator Hcm1 on its N-terminus promotes its degradation, phosphorylation on its C-terminus is required for its activity, indicating that Cdk1 both activates and inhibits a single TF. We conclude that Cdk1 promotes gene expression by both activating transcriptional activators and inactivating transcriptional repressors. Furthermore, our data suggest that coordinated regulation of the TF network by Cdk1 is necessary for faithful cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Landry
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Liu H, Ni S, Zhang Y, Ding L, Zhang Y. Identification of proteasome subunit beta type 3 involved in the potential mechanism of corticosteroid protective effectiveness on beta-2 adrenoceptor desensitization by a proteomics approach. J Thorac Dis 2014; 5:797-805. [PMID: 24409358 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.12.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammation with mucus hypersecretion and hyperresponsiveness to various nonspecific stimuli. Corticosteroids are usually used to prevent β2 adrenoceptor (β2AR) desensitization in clinical and experimental practice. But the exact mechanism of corticosteroid effectiveness on β2AR desensitization is unclear. OBJECTIVES To find the potential mechanisms related to the protective effects of corticosteroid on salbutamol induced β2AR desensitization by a proteomics approach. METHODS Thirty-two BALB/c (6-8 weeks old) mice were divided into four groups: group A, control group, phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated group; group B, asthmatic group, treated by ovalbumin (OVA); group C, β2AR desensitized asthmatic group, treated by OVA and salbutamol (SBT) and group D, corticosteroid-treated β2AR desensitized asthmatic group, treated with OVA, SBT and Dexamethasone (DEX). After administrated with those drugs, their serum total IgE, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytokine concentration, airway resistance and membrane receptor number of β2AR were evaluated. After then, the mice of group C and D were sacrificed, their protein from lung tissue were extracted and then seperated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Then, the isolated protein spots were analyzed by ImageMaster software and mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic tools were used to search these protein spots and find interesting protein spots associated with corticosteroid protective effect on β2AR desensitization. Finally, these protein spots were confirmed by Western blotting. RESULTS With inflammatory cell count, cytokine concentration of BALF, pathological sections, total serum IgE, airway resistance, membrane receptor number and β2AR total amount changes, asthmatic mouse model and β2AR desensitization asthmatic mouse model were successfully established. Seventeen protein spots were found different expression between group C and group D, 4 protein spots were down-regulated and 13 protein spots were up-regulated compared to group C. Proteasome subunit beta type 3 was down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Increased proteasome subunit beta type 3 expression may be responsible for salbutamol-induced β2AR desensitization in asthmatic disease, and DEX possibly render the β2AR resensitization partially by decreasing the content of proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yinzi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Pooley NJ, Tacchi L, Secombes CJ, Martin SAM. Inflammatory responses in primary muscle cell cultures in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2013; 14:747. [PMID: 24180744 PMCID: PMC3819742 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between fish health and muscle growth is critical for continued expansion of the aquaculture industry. The effect of immune stimulation on the expression of genes related to the energy balance of fish is poorly understood. In mammals immune stimulation results in major transcriptional changes in muscle, potentially to allow a reallocation of amino acids for use in the immune response and energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of immune stimulation on fish muscle gene expression. RESULTS Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) primary muscle cell cultures were stimulated with recombinant (r)IL-1β, a major proinflammatory cytokine, for 24 h in order to simulate an acute immune response. The transcriptomic response was determined by RNA hybridization to a 4 × 44 K Agilent Atlantic salmon microarray platform. The rIL-1β stimulation induced the expression of genes related to both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In addition there were highly significant changes in the expression of genes related to regulation of the cell cycle, growth/structural proteins, proteolysis and lipid metabolism. Of interest were a number of IGF binding proteins that were differentially expressed, which may demonstrate cross talk between the growth and immune systems. CONCLUSION We show rIL-1β modulates the expression of not only immune related genes, but also that of genes involved in processes related to growth and metabolism. Co-stimulation of muscle cells with both rIGF-I and rIL-1β demonstrates cross talk between these pathways providing potential avenues for further research. This study highlights the potential negative effects of inflammation on muscle protein deposition and growth in fish and extends our understanding of energy allocation in ectothermic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Pooley
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Luca Tacchi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
- Current address: Centre for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Samuel AM Martin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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Truman AW, Kristjansdottir K, Wolfgeher D, Hasin N, Polier S, Zhang H, Perrett S, Prodromou C, Jones GW, Kron SJ. CDK-dependent Hsp70 Phosphorylation controls G1 cyclin abundance and cell-cycle progression. Cell 2013; 151:1308-18. [PMID: 23217712 PMCID: PMC3778871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In budding yeast, the essential functions of Hsp70 chaperones Ssa1–4 are regulated through expression level, isoform specificity, and cochaperone activity. Suggesting a novel regulatory paradigm, we find that phosphorylation of Ssa1 T36 within a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) consensus site conserved among Hsp70 proteins alters cochaperone and client interactions. T36 phosphorylation triggers displacement of Ydj1, allowing Ssa1 to bind the G1 cyclin Cln3 and promote its degradation. The stress CDK Pho85 phosphorylates T36 upon nitrogen starvation or pheromone stimulation, destabilizing Cln3 to delay onset of S phase. In turn, the mitotic CDK Cdk1 phosphorylates T36 to block Cln3 accumulation in G2/M. Suggesting broad conservation from yeast to human, CDK-dependent phosphorylation of Hsc70 T38 similarly regulates Cyclin D1 binding and stability. These results establish an active role for Hsp70 chaperones as signal transducers mediating growth control of G1 cyclin abundance and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Truman
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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