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Chann AS, Chen Y, Kinwel T, Humbert PO, Russell SM. Scribble and E-cadherin cooperate to control symmetric daughter cell positioning by multiple mechanisms. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286705. [PMID: 36661138 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of the two daughter cells is intimately connected to their positioning, which is in turn regulated by cell junction remodelling and orientation of the mitotic spindle. How multiple cues are integrated to dictate the ultimate positioning of daughters is not clear. Here, we identify novel mechanisms of regulation of daughter positioning in single MCF10A cells. The polarity protein, Scribble cooperates with E-cadherin for sequential roles in daughter positioning. First Scribble stabilises E-cadherin at the mitotic cortex as well as the retraction fibres, to mediate spindle orientation. Second, Scribble re-locates to the junction between the two daughters to allow a new E-cadherin-based-interface to form between them, influencing the width of the nascent daughter-daughter junction and subsequent cell positioning. Thus, E-cadherin and Scribble dynamically relocate to different intracellular sites during cell division to orient the mitotic spindle and control placement of the daughter cells after cell division. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchi S Chann
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000Australia
| | - Ye Chen
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000Australia
| | - Tanja Kinwel
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah M Russell
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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2
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Garoffolo G, Casaburo M, Amadeo F, Salvi M, Bernava G, Piacentini L, Chimenti I, Zaccagnini G, Milcovich G, Zuccolo E, Agrifoglio M, Ragazzini S, Baasansuren O, Cozzolino C, Chiesa M, Ferrari S, Carbonaro D, Santoro R, Manzoni M, Casalis L, Raucci A, Molinari F, Menicanti L, Pagano F, Ohashi T, Martelli F, Massai D, Colombo GI, Messina E, Morbiducci U, Pesce M. Reduction of Cardiac Fibrosis by Interference With YAP-Dependent Transactivation. Circ Res 2022; 131:239-257. [PMID: 35770662 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversion of cardiac stromal cells into myofibroblasts is typically associated with hypoxia conditions, metabolic insults, and/or inflammation, all of which are predisposing factors to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. We hypothesized that this conversion could be also mediated by response of these cells to mechanical cues through activation of the Hippo transcriptional pathway. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of cellular/nuclear straining forces acting in myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac stromal cells under the control of YAP (yes-associated protein) transcription factor and to validate this finding using a pharmacological agent that interferes with the interactions of the YAP/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs (TEA domain transcription factors), under high-strain and profibrotic stimulation. METHODS We employed high content imaging, 2-dimensional/3-dimensional culture, atomic force microscopy mapping, and molecular methods to prove the role of cell/nuclear straining in YAP-dependent fibrotic programming in a mouse model of ischemia-dependent cardiac fibrosis and in human-derived primitive cardiac stromal cells. We also tested treatment of cells with Verteporfin, a drug known to prevent the association of the YAP/TAZ complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs. RESULTS Our experiments suggested that pharmacologically targeting the YAP-dependent pathway overrides the profibrotic activation of cardiac stromal cells by mechanical cues in vitro, and that this occurs even in the presence of profibrotic signaling mediated by TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor beta-1). In vivo administration of Verteporfin in mice with permanent cardiac ischemia reduced significantly fibrosis and morphometric remodeling but did not improve cardiac performance. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that preventing molecular translation of mechanical cues in cardiac stromal cells reduces the impact of cardiac maladaptive remodeling with a positive effect on fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Garoffolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Francesco Amadeo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Massimo Salvi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Giacomo Bernava
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Luca Piacentini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome (I.C., C.C.).,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli (I.C.)
| | | | | | - Estella Zuccolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Marco Agrifoglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy (M.A.)
| | - Sara Ragazzini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Otgon Baasansuren
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (O.B., T.O.)
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome (I.C., C.C.)
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Dario Carbonaro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Martina Manzoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | | | - Angela Raucci
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | | | - Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Italy (F.P.)
| | - Toshiro Ohashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (O.B., T.O.)
| | | | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Gualtiero I Colombo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infant Neuropsychiatry. Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome (E.M.)
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
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Aydin O, Passaro AP, Raman R, Spellicy SE, Weinberg RP, Kamm RD, Sample M, Truskey GA, Zartman J, Dar RD, Palacios S, Wang J, Tordoff J, Montserrat N, Bashir R, Saif MTA, Weiss R. Principles for the design of multicellular engineered living systems. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:010903. [PMID: 35274072 PMCID: PMC8893975 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in bioengineering over the past two decades has enabled the formulation of fundamental design principles for a variety of medical and non-medical applications. These advancements have laid the foundation for building multicellular engineered living systems (M-CELS) from biological parts, forming functional modules integrated into living machines. These cognizant design principles for living systems encompass novel genetic circuit manipulation, self-assembly, cell-cell/matrix communication, and artificial tissues/organs enabled through systems biology, bioinformatics, computational biology, genetic engineering, and microfluidics. Here, we introduce design principles and a blueprint for forward production of robust and standardized M-CELS, which may undergo variable reiterations through the classic design-build-test-debug cycle. This Review provides practical and theoretical frameworks to forward-design, control, and optimize novel M-CELS. Potential applications include biopharmaceuticals, bioreactor factories, biofuels, environmental bioremediation, cellular computing, biohybrid digital technology, and experimental investigations into mechanisms of multicellular organisms normally hidden inside the "black box" of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin P. Passaro
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Ritu Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Robert P. Weinberg
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Matthew Sample
- Center for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - George A. Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jeremiah Zartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Roy D. Dar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sebastian Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jesse Tordoff
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M. Taher A. Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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4
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Cell fate determination and Hippo signaling pathway in preimplantation mouse embryo. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:423-444. [PMID: 34586506 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
First cell fate determination plays crucial roles in cell specification during early phases of embryonic development. Three classical concepts have been proposed to explain the lineage specification mechanism of the preimplantation embryo: inside-outside, pre-patterning, and polarity models. Transcriptional effectors of the Hippo signal pathway are YAP and TAZ activators that can create a shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Despite different localizations of YAP in the cell, it determines the fate of ICM and TE. How the decisive cue driving factors that determine YAP localization are coordinated remains a central unanswered question. How can an embryonic cell find its position? The objective of this review is to summarize the molecular and mechanical aspects in cell fate decision during mouse preimplantation embryonic development. The findings will reveal the relationship between cell-cell adhesion, cell polarity, and determination of cell fate during early embryonic development in mice and elucidate the inducing/inhibiting mechanisms that are involved in cell specification following zygotic genome activation and compaction processes. With future studies, new biophysical and chemical cues in the cell fate determination will impart significant spatiotemporal effects on early embryonic development. The achieved knowledge will provide important information to the development of new approaches to be used in infertility treatment and increase the success of pregnancy.
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5
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Clonal dynamics in early human embryogenesis inferred from somatic mutation. Nature 2021; 597:393-397. [PMID: 34433967 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular dynamics and fate decision in early human embryogenesis remain largely unknown owing to the challenges of performing studies in human embryos1. Here, we explored whole-genomes of 334 single-cell colonies and targeted deep sequences of 379 bulk tissues obtained from various anatomical locations of seven recently deceased adult human donors. Using somatic mutations as an intrinsic barcode, we reconstructed early cellular phylogenies that demonstrate (1) an endogenous mutational rate that is higher in the first cell division but decreases to approximately one per cell per cell division later in life; (2) universal unequal contribution of early cells to embryo proper, resulting from early cellular bottlenecks that stochastically set aside epiblast cells within the embryo; (3) examples of varying degrees of early clonal imbalances between tissues on the left and right sides of the body, different germ layers and specific anatomical parts and organs; (4) emergence of a few ancestral cells that will substantially contribute to adult cell pools in blood and liver; and (5) presence of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in the fertilized egg. Our approach also provides insights into the age-related mutational processes and loss of sex chromosomes in normal somatic cells. In sum, this study provides a foundation for future studies to complete cellular phylogenies in human embryogenesis.
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Wei T, Li L, He Z. Ultrasound-Mediated Microbubble Destruction Inhibits Skin Melanoma Growth by Affecting YAP1 Translation Using Ribosome Imprinting Sequencing. Front Oncol 2021; 11:619167. [PMID: 33996543 PMCID: PMC8117937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.619167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CMM) is a skin tumor with a high degree of malignancy. BRAF resistance imposes great difficulty to the treatment of CMM, and partially contributes to the poor prognosis of CMM. YAP is involved in the growth and drug resistance of a variety of tumors, and mechanical signals may affect the activation of YAP1. As a novel ultrasound treatment technology, ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction (UMMD) has been reported to have a killing effect on isolated CMM cells. In this study, the tumor tissue samples were collected from 64 CMM patients. We found that YAP1 mRNA expression was irrelevant to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic survival of the CMM patients. The drug-resistant cell line was constructed and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice, which were further separately treated with UMMD, ultrasound (US), and microbubbles (MB). The result showed that UMMD significantly inhibited the growth of tumor tissues. Ribosome imprinting sequencing (Ribo-seq) is a genetic technology for studying protein translation at genetic level. Ribo-seq, RNA-seq, and RT-qPCR were applied to detect YAP1 expression in CMM mouse tumor tissues. Ribo-seq data revealed that UMMD greatly up-regulated the expression of YAP1, interestingly, the up-regulated YAP1 was found to be negatively correlated with the weight of tumor tissues, while no significant change in YAP1 expression was detected by RNA-seq or RT-qPCR assay. These results indicated that UMMD could inhibit the tumor growth of drug-resistant CMM by affecting the translation efficiency of YAP1, providing a strong basis for the clinical treatment of UMMD in CMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Wei
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyou He
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Marikawa Y, Menor M, Deng Y, Alarcon VB. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and trophectoderm lineage specification by the mevalonate pathway in the mouse preimplantation embryo. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6156636. [PMID: 33677573 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryos are vulnerable to environmental insults, such as medications taken by the mother. Due to increasing prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, more women of childbearing potential are taking cholesterol-lowering medications called statins. Previously, we showed that inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by statins impaired mouse preimplantation development, by modulating HIPPO signaling, a key regulator for trophectoderm (TE) lineage specification. Here, we further evaluated molecular events that are altered by mevalonate pathway inhibition during the timeframe of morphogenesis and cell lineage specification. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed that statin treatment dysregulated gene expression underlying multiple processes, including cholesterol biosynthesis, HIPPO signaling, cell lineage specification and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We explored mechanisms that link the mevalonate pathway to ER stress, because of its potential impact on embryonic health and development. Upregulation of ER stress-responsive genes was inhibited when statin-treated embryos were supplemented with the mevalonate pathway product, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Inhibition of geranylgeranylation was sufficient to upregulate ER stress-responsive genes. However, ER stress-responsive genes were not upregulated by inhibition of ras homolog family member A (RHOA), a geranylgeranylation target, although it interfered with TE specification and blastocyst cavity formation. In contrast, inhibition of Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1), another geranylgeranylation target, upregulated ER stress-responsive genes, while it did not impair TE specification or cavity formation. Thus, our study suggests that the mevalonate pathway regulates cellular homeostasis (ER stress repression) and differentiation (TE lineage specification) in preimplantation embryos through GGPP-dependent activation of two distinct small GTPases, RAC1 and RHOA, respectively. Translation of the findings to human embryos and clinical settings requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Marikawa
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Mark Menor
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Vernadeth B Alarcon
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Gaetani R, Zizzi EA, Deriu MA, Morbiducci U, Pesce M, Messina E. When Stiffness Matters: Mechanosensing in Heart Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:334. [PMID: 32671058 PMCID: PMC7326078 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic morphogenesis, the heart undergoes a complex series of cellular phenotypic maturations (e.g., transition of myocytes from proliferative to quiescent or maturation of the contractile apparatus), and this involves stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) acting in concert with morphogenetic signals. The maladaptive remodeling of the myocardium, one of the processes involved in determination of heart failure, also involves mechanical cues, with a progressive stiffening of the tissue that produces cellular mechanical damage, inflammation, and ultimately myocardial fibrosis. The assessment of the biomechanical dependence of the molecular machinery (in myocardial and non-myocardial cells) is therefore essential to contextualize the maturation of the cardiac tissue at early stages and understand its pathologic evolution in aging. Because systems to perform multiscale modeling of cellular and tissue mechanics have been developed, it appears particularly novel to design integrated mechano-molecular models of heart development and disease to be tested in ex vivo reconstituted cells/tissue-mimicking conditions. In the present contribution, we will discuss the latest implication of mechanosensing in heart development and pathology, describe the most recent models of cell/tissue mechanics, and delineate novel strategies to target the consequences of heart failure with personalized approaches based on tissue engineering and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gaetani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eric Adriano Zizzi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Agostino Deriu
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit, "Centro Cardiologico Monzino," IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Sciences, "Umberto I" Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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De Caluwé J, Tosenberger A, Gonze D, Dupont G. Signalling-modulated gene regulatory networks in early mammalian development. J Theor Biol 2019; 463:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Marikawa Y, Alarcon VB. RHOA activity in expanding blastocysts is essential to regulate HIPPO-YAP signaling and to maintain the trophectoderm-specific gene expression program in a ROCK/actin filament-independent manner. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 25:43-60. [PMID: 30395288 PMCID: PMC6497036 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What molecular signals are required to maintain the functional trophectoderm (TE) during blastocyst expansion of the late stage of preimplantation development? SUMMARY ANSWER The activity of ras homology family member A (RHOA) GTPases is necessary to retain the expanded blastocyst cavity and also to sustain the gene expression program specific to TE. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY At the early stages of preimplantation development, the precursor of the TE lineage is generated through the molecular signals that integrate RHOA, RHO-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK), the apicobasal cell polarity, and the HIPPO-Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway. By contrast, molecular mechanisms regulating the maintenance of the TE characteristics at the later stage, which is crucial for blastocyst hatching and implantation, are scarcely understood. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Expanding mouse blastocysts, obtained from crosses of the F1 (C57BL6 × DBA/2) strain, were exposed to chemical agents that interfere with RHOA, ROCK, or the actin cytoskeleton for up to 8 h, and effects on the blastocyst cavity, HIPPO-YAP signaling, and cell lineage-specific gene expression profiles were examined. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Mouse embryos at the embryonic stage E3.5 (expanding blastocysts) and E4.5 (fully expanded blastocysts) were treated with RHOA inhibitor (C3 exoenzyme), ROCK inhibitor (Y27632), or actin filament disruptors (cytochalasin B and latrunculin A). The integrity of the blastocyst cavity was evaluated based on the gross morphology. Effects on HIPPO-YAP signaling were assessed based on the presence of nuclearized YAP protein by immunofluorescence staining and the expression of YAP/TEA domain family member (TEAD) target genes by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The impact of these disruptors on cell lineages was evaluated based on expression of the TE-specific and inner cell mass-specific marker genes by qRT-PCR. The integrity of the apicobasal cell polarity was assessed by localization of protein kinase C zeta (PRKCZ; apical) and scribbled planar cell polarity (SCRIB; basal) proteins by immunofluorescence staining. For comparisons, cultured cell lines, NIH/3T3 (mouse fibroblast) and P19C5 (mouse embryonal carcinoma), were also treated with RHOA inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor, and actin filament disruptors for up to 8 h, and effects on HIPPO-YAP signaling were assessed based on expression of YAP/TEAD target genes by qRT-PCR. Each experiment was repeated using three independent batches of embryos (n = 40-80 per batch) or cell collections. Statistical analyses of data were performed, using one-way ANOVA and two-sample t-test. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Inhibition of RHOA deflated the cavity, diminished nuclear YAP (P < 0.01), and down-regulated the YAP/TEAD target and TE-specific marker genes in both E3.5 and E4.5 blastocysts (P < 0.05), indicating that the maintenance of the key TE characteristics is dependent on RHOA activity. However, inhibition of ROCK or disruption of actin filament only deflated the blastocyst cavity, but did not alter HIPPO-YAP signaling or lineage-specific gene expressions, suggesting that the action of RHOA to sustain the TE-specific gene expression program is not mediated by ROCK or the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By contrast, ROCK inhibitor and actin filament disruptors diminished YAP/TEAD target gene expressions in cultured cells to a greater extent than RHOA inhibitor, implicating that the regulation of HIPPO-YAP signaling in expanding blastocysts is distinctly different from that in the cell lines. Furthermore, the apicobasal cell polarity proteins in the expanding blastocyst were mislocalized by ROCK inhibition but not by RHOA inhibition, indicating that cell polarity is not linked to regulation of HIPPO-YAP signaling. Taken together, our study suggests that RHOA activity is essential to maintain the TE lineage in the expanding blastocyst and it regulates HIPPO-YAP signaling and the lineage-specific gene expression program through mechanisms that are independent of ROCK or actomyosin cytoskeleton. LARGE-SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was conducted using one species, the mouse. Direct translation of the experiments and findings to human fertility preservation and ART requires further investigations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The elucidation of the mechanisms of TE formation is highly pertinent to fertility preservation in women. Our findings may raise awareness among providers of ART that the TE is sensitive to disturbance even in the late stage of blastocyst expansion and that rational approaches should be devised to avoid conditions that may impair the TE and its function. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by grants from the Ingeborg v.F. McKee Fund of the Hawaii Community Foundation (16ADVC-78882 to V.B.A.), and the National Institutes of Health (P20 GM103457 and R03 HD088839 to V.B.A.). The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Marikawa
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Vernadeth B Alarcon
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Garoffolo G, Madonna R, de Caterina R, Pesce M. Cell based mechanosensing in vascular patho-biology: More than a simple go-with the flow. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 111:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Maître JL. Mechanics of blastocyst morphogenesis. Biol Cell 2017; 109:323-338. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934; Paris France
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13
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Capalbo A, Rienzi L. Mosaicism between trophectoderm and inner cell mass. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:1098-1106. [PMID: 28433375 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Defining the actual incidence and prevalence of mosaicism in human blastocysts still remains a difficult task. The small amount of evidence generated by animal and human studies does not support the existence of mechanisms involved in developmental arrest, clonal depletion, or aneuploidy rescue for abnormal cells in euploid/aneuploid embryos during preimplantation development. However, studies in humans are mainly descriptive and lack functional evidence. Understanding the biological mechanisms that beset preimplantation differentiation holds the potential to reveal the role of aneuploidies and gene dosage imbalances in cell fate decision, providing important clues on the origin and evolution of embryonic mosaicism. The evidence on human blastocysts suggests that a mosaic euploid/aneuploid configuration is detected in around 5% of embryos. This figure supports the extremely low level of mosaicism reported in natural and IVF pregnancies. Similarly, the clinical management of patterns consistent with the presence of mosaicism in a trophectoderm biopsy during preimplantation genetic diagnosis cycles (PGD-A) is still a controversial issue. Despite the facts that some contemporary comprehensive chromosomal screening platforms can detect mosaic samples in cell mixture models with variable accuracy and many reproductive genetics laboratories are now routinely including embryonic mosaicism on their genetic reports, a diagnosis of certainty for mosaicism in PGD-A cycles is conceptually impracticable. Indeed, several technical and biological sources of errors clearly exist when trying to estimate mosaicism from a single trophectoderm biopsy in PGD-A cycles and must be understood to adequately guide patients during clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Capalbo
- GENERA, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Rome, Italy; GENETYX, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Laura Rienzi
- GENERA, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Rome, Italy; GENETYX, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Vicenza, Italy
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Pesce M, Santoro R. Feeling the right force: How to contextualize the cell mechanical behavior in physiologic turnover and pathologic evolution of the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 171:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pesce M, Messina E, Chimenti I, Beltrami AP. Cardiac Mechanoperception: A Life-Long Story from Early Beats to Aging and Failure. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:77-90. [PMID: 27736363 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The life-long story of the heart starts concomitantly with primary differentiation events occurring in multipotent progenitors located in the so-called heart tube. This initially tubular structure starts a looping process, which leads to formation of the final four-chambered heart with a primary contribution of geometric and position-associated cell sensing. While this establishes the correct patterning of the final cardiac structure, it also provides feedbacks to fundamental cellular machineries controlling proliferation and differentiation, thus ensuring a coordinated restriction of cell growth and a myocyte terminal differentiation. Novel evidences provided by embryological and cell engineering studies have clarified the relevance of mechanics-supported position sensing for the correct recognition of cell fate inside developing embryos and multicellular aggregates. One of the main components of this pathway, the Hippo-dependent signal transduction machinery, is responsible for cell mechanics intracellular transduction with important consequences for gene transcription and cell growth control. Being the Hippo pathway also directly connected to stress responses and altered metabolism, it is tempting to speculate that permanent alterations of mechanosensing may account for modifying self-renewal control in tissue homeostasis. In the present contribution, we translate these concepts to the aging process and the failing of the human heart, two pathophysiologic conditions that are strongly affected by stress responses and altered metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pesce
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- 2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, "Sapienza" University , Rome, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- 3 Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University , Rome, Italy
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