1
|
Ramakrishna S, Radhakrishna BK, Kaladiyil AP, Shah NM, Basavaraju N, Freude KK, Kommaddi RP, Muddashetty RS. Distinct calcium sources regulate temporal profiles of NMDAR and mGluR-mediated protein synthesis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402594. [PMID: 38749544 PMCID: PMC11096670 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is integral for neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity. We demonstrate that the calcium response generated by different sources modulates neuronal activity-mediated protein synthesis, another process essential for synaptic plasticity. Stimulation of NMDARs generates a protein synthesis response involving three phases-increased translation inhibition, followed by a decrease in translation inhibition, and increased translation activation. We show that these phases are linked to NMDAR-mediated calcium response. Calcium influx through NMDARs elicits increased translation inhibition, which is necessary for the successive phases. Calcium through L-VGCCs acts as a switch from translation inhibition to the activation phase. NMDAR-mediated translation activation requires the contribution of L-VGCCs, RyRs, and SOCE. Furthermore, we show that IP3-mediated calcium release and SOCE are essential for mGluR-mediated translation up-regulation. Finally, we signify the relevance of our findings in the context of Alzheimer's disease. Using neurons derived from human fAD iPSCs and transgenic AD mice, we demonstrate the dysregulation of NMDAR-mediated calcium and translation response. Our study highlights the complex interplay between calcium signaling and protein synthesis, and its implications in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarayu Ramakrishna
- https://ror.org/04dese585 Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Bindushree K Radhakrishna
- https://ror.org/04dese585 Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ahamed P Kaladiyil
- https://ror.org/04dese585 Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Nisa Manzoor Shah
- https://ror.org/04dese585 Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nimisha Basavaraju
- https://ror.org/04dese585 Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Reddy Peera Kommaddi
- https://ror.org/04dese585 Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi S Muddashetty
- https://ror.org/04dese585 Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faraji P, Kühn H, Ahmadian S. Multiple Roles of Apolipoprotein E4 in Oxidative Lipid Metabolism and Ferroptosis During the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:62. [PMID: 38958788 PMCID: PMC11222241 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide and has a great socio-economic impact. Modified oxidative lipid metabolism and dysregulated iron homeostasis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder, but the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms still remain unclear. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-binding protein that occurs in large quantities in human blood plasma, and a polymorphism of the APOE gene locus has been identified as risk factors for AD. The human genome involves three major APOE alleles (APOE2, APOE3, APOE4), which encode for three subtly distinct apolipoprotein E isoforms (APOE2, APOE3, APOE4). The canonic function of these apolipoproteins is lipid transport in blood and brain, but APOE4 allele carriers have a much higher risk for AD. In fact, about 60% of clinically diagnosed AD patients carry at least one APOE4 allele in their genomes. Although the APOE4 protein has been implicated in pathophysiological key processes of AD, such as extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, formation of neurofibrillary tangles, modified oxidative lipid metabolism, and ferroptotic cell death, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not well understood. As for all mammalian cells, iron plays a crucial role in neuronal functions and dysregulation of iron homeostasis has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Imbalances in iron homeostasis and impairment of the hydroperoxy lipid-reducing capacity induce cellular dysfunction leading to neuronal ferroptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on APOE4-related oxidative lipid metabolism and the potential role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD. Pharmacological interference with these processes might offer innovative strategies for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Faraji
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kühn
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oliveira MM, Mohamed M, Elder MK, Banegas-Morales K, Mamcarz M, Lu EH, Golhan EAN, Navrange N, Chatterjee S, Abel T, Klann E. The integrated stress response effector GADD34 is repurposed by neurons to promote stimulus-induced translation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113670. [PMID: 38219147 PMCID: PMC10964249 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal protein synthesis is required for long-lasting plasticity and long-term memory consolidation. Dephosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α is one of the key translational control events that is required to increase de novo protein synthesis that underlies long-lasting plasticity and memory consolidation. Here, we interrogate the molecular pathways of translational control that are triggered by neuronal stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which results in eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) dephosphorylation and increases in de novo protein synthesis. Primary rodent neurons exposed to BDNF display elevated translation of GADD34, which facilitates eIF2α dephosphorylation and subsequent de novo protein synthesis. Furthermore, GADD34 requires G-actin generated by cofilin to dephosphorylate eIF2α and enhance protein synthesis. Finally, GADD34 is required for BDNF-induced translation of synaptic plasticity-related proteins. Overall, we provide evidence that neurons repurpose GADD34, an effector of the integrated stress response, as an orchestrator of rapid increases in eIF2-dependent translation in response to plasticity-inducing stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhaned Mohamed
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan K Elder
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maggie Mamcarz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily H Lu
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ela A N Golhan
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nishika Navrange
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Snehajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wallace CH, Oliveros G, Xie L, Serrano P, Rockwell P, Figueiredo-Pereira M. Potential Alzheimer's early biomarkers in a transgenic rat model and benefits of diazoxide/dibenzoylmethane co-treatment on spatial memory and AD-pathology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3730. [PMID: 38355687 PMCID: PMC10867006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major form of dementia prevalent in older adults and with a high incidence in females. Identification of early biomarkers is essential for preventive intervention to delay its progression. Furthermore, due to its multifactorial nature, a multi-target approach could be therapeutically beneficial. Our studies included 4- (pre-pathology) and 11-month (mild-pathology) TgF344-AD rats, a transgenic Alzheimer's model that exhibits age-dependent AD progression. We identified two potential early biomarker genes for AD, early growth response 2 (EGR2) and histone 1H2AA (HIST1H2AA), in the hippocampus of 4-month females. Out of 17,168 genes analyzed by RNA sequencing, expression of these two genes was significantly altered in 4-month TgF344-AD rats compared to wild-type littermates. We also evaluated co-treatment with diazoxide (DZ), a potassium channel activator, and dibenzoylmethane (DIB), which inhibits eIF2α-P activity, on TgF344-AD and wild-type rats. DZ/DIB-treatment mitigated spatial memory deficits and buildup of hippocampal Aβ plaques and tau PHF in 11-month TgF344-AD rats but had no effect on wild-type littermates. To our knowledge, this preclinical study is the first to report EGR2 and HIST1H2AA as potential AD biomarkers in females, and the benefits of DZ/DIB-treatment in AD. Evaluations across multiple AD-related models is warranted to corroborate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Wallace
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College CUNY and Graduate Center, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Oliveros
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College CUNY and Graduate Center, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Computer Sciences, Hunter College CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Rockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College CUNY and Graduate Center, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Figueiredo-Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College CUNY and Graduate Center, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lahiri A, Walton JC, Zhang N, Billington N, DeVries AC, Meares GP. Astrocytic deletion of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) does not affect learning and memory in aged mice but worsens outcome from experimental stroke. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1586-1610. [PMID: 37314006 PMCID: PMC10524975 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive decline and is the main risk factor for a myriad of conditions including neurodegeneration and stroke. Concomitant with aging is the progressive accumulation of misfolded proteins and loss of proteostasis. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is mediated, in part, by the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK). Phosphorylation of eIF2α reduces protein translation as an adaptive mechanism but this also opposes synaptic plasticity. PERK, and other eIF2α kinases, have been widely studied in neurons where they modulate both cognitive function and response to injury. The impact of astrocytic PERK signaling in cognitive processes was previously unknown. To examine this, we deleted PERK from astrocytes (AstroPERKKO ) and examined the impact on cognitive functions in middle-aged and old mice of both sexes. Additionally, we tested the outcome following experimental stroke using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Tests of short-term and long-term learning and memory as well as of cognitive flexibility in middle-aged and old mice revealed that astrocytic PERK does not regulate these processes. Following MCAO, AstroPERKKO had increased morbidity and mortality. Collectively, our data demonstrate that astrocytic PERK has limited impact on cognitive function and has a more prominent role in the response to neural injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- WVU Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV- 26506, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV- 26506, USA
| | - Gordon P. Meares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology
- Department of Neuroscience
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lyons LC, Vanrobaeys Y, Abel T. Sleep and memory: The impact of sleep deprivation on transcription, translational control, and protein synthesis in the brain. J Neurochem 2023; 166:24-46. [PMID: 36802068 PMCID: PMC10919414 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In countries around the world, sleep deprivation represents a widespread problem affecting school-age children, teenagers, and adults. Acute sleep deprivation and more chronic sleep restriction adversely affect individual health, impairing memory and cognitive performance as well as increasing the risk and progression of numerous diseases. In mammals, the hippocampus and hippocampus-dependent memory are vulnerable to the effects of acute sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation induces changes in molecular signaling, gene expression and may cause changes in dendritic structure in neurons. Genome wide studies have shown that acute sleep deprivation alters gene transcription, although the pool of genes affected varies between brain regions. More recently, advances in research have drawn attention to differences in gene regulation between the level of the transcriptome compared with the pool of mRNA associated with ribosomes for protein translation following sleep deprivation. Thus, in addition to transcriptional changes, sleep deprivation also affects downstream processes to alter protein translation. In this review, we focus on the multiple levels through which acute sleep deprivation impacts gene regulation, highlighting potential post-transcriptional and translational processes that may be affected by sleep deprivation. Understanding the multiple levels of gene regulation impacted by sleep deprivation is essential for future development of therapeutics that may mitigate the effects of sleep loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Lyons
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yann Vanrobaeys
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lourenco MV. Preface: Special issue "Brain Proteostasis in Health and Disease". J Neurochem 2023; 166:3-6. [PMID: 37414435 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
This preface introduces the Journal of Neurochemistry Special Issue on Brain Proteostasis. Adequate control of protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, has been at the center stage of brain physiology, and its deregulation may contribute to brain diseases, including several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. Therefore, delineating the processes underlying protein synthesis, folding, stability, function, and degradation in brain cells is key to promoting brain function and identifying effective therapeutic options for neurological disorders. This special issue comprises four review articles and four original articles covering the roles of protein homeostasis in several mechanisms that are of relevance to sleep, depression, stroke, dementia, and COVID-19. Thus, these articles highlight different aspects of proteostasis regulation in the brain and present important evidence on this growing and exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang H, Chen T, Denoyelle S, Chen L, Fan J, Zhang Y, Halperin JA, Chorev M, Aktas BH. Role of symmetry in 3,3-diphenyl-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one derivatives as inhibitors of translation initiation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129119. [PMID: 36581302 PMCID: PMC9922553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ternary complex (eIF2·GTP·Met-tRNAiMet) and the eIF4F complex assembly are two major regulatory steps in the eukaryotic translation initiation. Inhibition of the ternary complex assembly is therefore a promising target for the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Building on the finding that clotrimazole (CLT), a molecular probe that depletes intracellular Ca2+ stores and subsequently induce eIF2α phosphorylation, inhibit translation initiation, and reduce preferentially the expression of oncoproteins over "housekeeping" ones,1-3 we undertook structure activity relationship (SAR) studies that identified 3,3-diarylindoline-2-one #1181 as an interesting scaffold. Compound #1181 also induce phosphorylation of eIF2α thereby reducing the availability of the ternary complex, which leads to inhibition of translation initiation.4 Our subsequent efforts focused on understanding SAR iterative lead optimization to enhance potency and improve bioavailability. Herein, we report a complementing study focusing on heavily substituted symmetric and asymmetric 3,3-(o,m-disubstituted)diarylindoline-2-ones. These compounds were evaluated by the dual luciferase reporter ternary complex assay that recapitualates phosphorylation of eIF2α in a quantitative manner. We also evaluated all compounds by sulforhodamine B assay, which measures the overall effect of compounds on cell proliferations and/or viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ting Chen
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Séverine Denoyelle
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Limo Chen
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yingzhen Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - José A Halperin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Chorev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Bertal H Aktas
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Division of Hematology, 4 Balckfan Circle. HIM 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ko T, Oliveira MM, Alapin JM, Morstein J, Klann E, Trauner D. Optical Control of Translation with a Puromycin Photoswitch. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21494-21501. [PMID: 36394560 PMCID: PMC11302736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Translation is an elementary cellular process that involves a large number of factors interacting in a concerted fashion with the ribosome. Numerous natural products have emerged that interfere with the ribosomal function, such as puromycin, which mimics an aminoacyl tRNA and causes premature chain termination. Here, we introduce a photoswitchable version of puromycin that, in effect, puts translation under optical control. Our compound, termed puroswitch, features a diazocine that allows for reversible and nearly quantitative isomerization and pharmacological modulation. Its synthesis involves a new photoswitchable amino acid building block. Puroswitch shows little activity in the dark and becomes substantially more active and cytotoxic, in a graded fashion, upon irradiation with various wavelengths of visible light. In vitro translation assays confirm that puroswitch inhibits translation with a mechanism similar to that of puromycin itself. Once incorporated into nascent proteins, puroswitch reacts with standard puromycin antibodies, which allows for tracking de novo protein synthesis using western blots and immunohistochemistry. As a cell-permeable small molecule, puroswitch can be used for nascent proteome profiling in a variety of cell types, including primary mouse neurons. We envision puroswitch as a useful biochemical tool for the optical control of translation and for monitoring newly synthesized proteins in defined locations and at precise time points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongil Ko
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, United States
| | - Mauricio M. Oliveira
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, United States
| | - Jessica M. Alapin
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, United States
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, United States
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Regulation and function of elF2B in neurological and metabolic disorders. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231311. [PMID: 35579296 PMCID: PMC9208314 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, eIF2B is a guanine nucleotide exchange, factor with a central role in coordinating the initiation of translation. During stress and disease, the activity of eIF2B is inhibited via the phosphorylation of its substrate eIF2 (p-eIF2α). A number of different kinases respond to various stresses leading to the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF2, and collectively this regulation is known as the integrated stress response, ISR. This targeting of eIF2B allows the cell to regulate protein synthesis and reprogramme gene expression to restore homeostasis. Advances within structural biology have furthered our understanding of how eIF2B interacts with eIF2 in both the productive GEF active form and the non-productive eIF2α phosphorylated form. Here, current knowledge of the role of eIF2B in the ISR is discussed within the context of normal and disease states focusing particularly on diseases such as vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM), which are directly linked to mutations in eIF2B. The role of eIF2B in synaptic plasticity and memory formation is also discussed. In addition, the cellular localisation of eIF2B is reviewed and considered along with the role of additional in vivo eIF2B binding factors and protein modifications that may play a role in modulating eIF2B activity during health and disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Editorial - The Making of Memories. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 125:66-67. [PMID: 35135720 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:213. [PMID: 35204096 PMCID: PMC8868221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will double by the year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay the progression of, or cure the disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and disorders is oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, none of the currently available treatment options address oxidative stress. Recently, attention has been placed on the use of antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular and animal models, natural antioxidants showed therapeutic promise when administered alone or in combination with other compounds. More recently, the concept of combination antioxidant therapy has been explored as a novel approach to preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions that present with oxidative stress as a contributing factor. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and AD pathology and the neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants from natural sources are discussed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants as preventatives and/or treatment for AD is examined, with special attention paid to natural antioxidant combinations and conjugates that are currently being investigated in human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bettina E. Kalisch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Collaborative Specialization in Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.E.C.); (T.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|