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Zheng M, Zhu J. The Impact of the Upgrading of the Industrial Structure on the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance Fund: An Empirical Study in China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2133-2144. [PMID: 34079400 PMCID: PMC8163998 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s298145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the transformation of economy to a high-quality level in China, industrial restructuring and upgrading have played an important role. The upgrading of the industrial structure has affected not only the development in society and economy but also other fields, thereby having great impact on social security. In recent years, with the aging of the population and economic development, the social medical insurance fund is undertaking more payment pressure. However, the existing research rarely focuses on the impact of industrial structure upgrading on medical insurance. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the upgrading of industrial structure on the income and expenditure of the urban employee basic medical insurance fund. METHODS China's provincial panel data from 2007 to 2018, collected by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, were used to establish a panel regression model in order to investigate the impact of the upgrading of the industrial structure on the income and expenditure of the urban employee basic medical insurance fund. RESULTS The research showed that the upgrading of the industrial structure, in combination with the internal upgrading in the tertiary industry, had a positive impact on the income and expenditure of the urban employee basic medical insurance fund and that there were regional differences. The simple upgrading of the three major industries had no effect on the income or expenditure of the urban employee basic medical insurance fund. In addition to the upgrading of industrial structure, other factors such as the average salary of employed persons in urban units, the proportion of retirees among all insured persons in urban employee basic medical insurance and the expenditure of urban employee basic medical insurance were also found to have impact on the income of urban employee basic medical insurance. Moreover, the expenditure of urban employee basic medical insurance was associated with the proportion of retirees among all insured persons in urban employee basic medical insurance, GDP and an aging population. CONCLUSION In the context of the upgrading of the industrial structure, measures such as strengthening employment and income security, delaying retirement, adjusting birth policy, strengthening the scientific management of personal accounts and accurately positioning the regional industrial structure were suggested to be adopted in order to minimize the payment pressures on the urban employee basic medical insurance fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Capital Health Management and Policy, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junli Zhu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Capital Health Management and Policy, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Smith GL, Ganz PA, Bekelman JE, Chmura SJ, Dignam JJ, Efstathiou JA, Jagsi R, Johnstone PA, Steinberg ML, Williams SB, Yu JB, Zietman AL, Weichselbaum RR, Tina Shih YC. Promoting the Appropriate Use of Advanced Radiation Technologies in Oncology: Summary of a National Cancer Policy Forum Workshop. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 97:450-461. [PMID: 28011046 PMCID: PMC6044722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leaders in the oncology community are sounding a clarion call to promote "value" in cancer care decisions. Value in cancer care considers the clinical effectiveness, along with the costs, when selecting a treatment. To discuss possible solutions to the current obstacles to achieving value in the use of advanced technologies in oncology, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop, "Appropriate Use of Advanced Technologies for Radiation Therapy and Surgery in Oncology" in July 2015. The present report summarizes the discussions related to radiation oncology. METHODS AND MATERIALS The workshop convened stakeholders, including oncologists, researchers, payers, policymakers, and patients. Speakers presented on key themes, including the rationale for a value discussion on advanced technology use in radiation oncology, the generation of scientific evidence for value of advanced radiation technologies, the effect of both scientific evidence and "marketplace" (or economic) factors on the adoption of technologies, and newer approaches to improving value in the practice of radiation oncology. The presentations were followed by a panel discussion with dialogue among the stakeholders. RESULTS Challenges to generating evidence for the value of advanced technologies include obtaining contemporary, prospective, randomized, and representative comparative effectiveness data. Proposed solutions include the use of prospective registry data; integrating radiation oncology treatment, outcomes, and quality benchmark data; and encouraging insurance coverage with evidence development. Challenges to improving value in practice include the slow adoption of higher value and the de-adoption of lower value treatments. The proposed solutions focused on engaging stakeholders in iterative, collaborative, and evidence-based efforts to define value and promote change in radiation oncology practice. Recent examples of ongoing or successful responses to the discussed challenges were provided. CONCLUSIONS Discussions of "value" have increased as a priority in the radiation oncology community. Practitioners in the radiation oncology community can play a critical role in promoting a value-oriented framework to approach radiation oncology treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Health Services Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Justin E Bekelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J Chmura
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James J Dignam
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason A Efstathiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter A Johnstone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael L Steinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen B Williams
- Division of Urology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - James B Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anthony L Zietman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ya-Chen Tina Shih
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Beedholm K, Frederiksen K, Lomborg K. What Was (Also) at Stake When a Robot Bathtub Was Implemented in a Danish Elder Center: A Constructivist Secondary Qualitative Analysis. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:1424-1433. [PMID: 25987583 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315586550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Assistive technologies are often considered to be passive tools implemented in targeted processes. Our previous study of the implementation of the robot bathtub in a Danish elder center suggested that purposeful rationality was not the only issue at stake. To further explore this, we conducted a constructivist secondary qualitative analysis. Data included interviews, participant observations, working documents, and media coverage. The analysis was carried out in two phases and revealed that the bathing of the older people was constructed as a problem that could be offensive to the users' integrity, damaging to their well-being, and physically strenuous for the staff. The older users and the nursing staff were constructed as problem carriers. We conclude that technological solutions are not merely neutral and beneficial solutions to existing problems, but are rather part of strategic games contributing to the construction of the very problems they seek to solve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirsten Lomborg
- Aarhus University, Denmark Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Introduction to Cost Analysis in IR: Challenges and Opportunities. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27:539-545.e1. [PMID: 26922978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Demonstration of value has become increasingly important in the current health care system. This review summarizes four of the most commonly used cost analysis methods relevant to IR that could be adopted to demonstrate the value of IR interventions: the cost minimization study, cost-effectiveness assessment, cost-utility analysis, and cost-benefit analysis. In addition, the issues of true cost versus hospital charges, modeling in cost studies, and sensitivity analysis are discussed.
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Dua A, Desai SS, Patel B, Seabrook GR, Brown KR, Lewis B, Rossi PJ, Malinowski M, Lee CJ. Preventable Complications Driving Rising Costs in Management of Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg 2016; 33:144-8. [PMID: 26916348 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify factors that drive increasing health-care costs associated with the management of critical limb ischemia in elective inpatients. METHODS Patients with a primary diagnosis code of critical limb ischemia (CLI) were identified from the 2001-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Demographics, CLI management, comorbidities, complications (bleeding, surgical site infection [SSI]), length of stay, and median in-hospital costs were reviewed. Statistical analysis was completed using Students' t-test and Mann-Kendall trend analysis. Costs are reported in 2011 US dollars corrected using the consumer price index. RESULTS From 2001 to 2011, there were a total of 451,823 patients who underwent open elective revascularization as inpatients for CLI. Costs to treat CLI increased by 63% ($12,560 in 2001 to $20,517 in 2011, P < 0.001 in trend analysis). Endovascular interventions were 20% more expensive compared with open surgery ($19,566 vs. $16,337, P < 0.001). Age, gender, and insurance status did not affect the cost of care. From 2001 to 2011, the number of patient comorbidities (7.56-12.40) and percentage of endovascular cases (13.4% to 27.4%) increased, accounting for a 6% annual increase in total cost despite decreased median length of stay (6 to 5 days). Patients who developed SSI had total costs 83% greater than patients without SSIs ($30,949 vs. $16,939; P < 0.001). Patients who developed bleeding complications had total costs 41% greater than nonbleeding patients ($23,779 vs. $16,821, P < 0.001). Overall, there was a 32% reduction in SSI rates but unchanged rates of bleeding complications during this period. CONCLUSIONS The cost of CLI treatment is increasing and driven by rising endovascular use, SSI, and bleeding in the in-patient population. Further efforts to reduce complications in this patient population may contribute to a reduction in health care-associated costs of treating CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Dua
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
| | - Sapan S Desai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL
| | - Bhavin Patel
- Department of General Internal Medicine, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Gary R Seabrook
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kellie R Brown
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Brian Lewis
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Peter J Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Cheong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the adjunctive use of power Doppler imaging (PDI) could provide prognostic utility in the treatment of prostate cancer, as an accurate prediction of the clinical behaviour of prostate cancer is important to determine appropriate treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Most centres rely on a digital rectal examination or transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) to assess the clinical stage of patients. In 2002, we began using a standardized form to evaluate TRUS findings and PDI findings. We compared preoperative clinical findings with those from pathological analysis of 620 radical prostatectomy specimens from 2002 to 2007. RESULTS The mean (sd) patient age was 58 (6.6) years with a mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 7.0 (4.5) ng/mL. Of the 620 specimens 157 (25.3%) had evidence of extracapsular extension on pathological evaluation; 443 (71.5%) men had a hypervascular lesion seen on TRUS, while 177 (28.5%) patients had none. There was no difference in preoperative PSA level, grade or stage of tumour. Furthermore, rates of biochemical recurrence or secondary treatment did not differ based on PDI findings. As a tool to help locate prostate tumours, PDI improved the specificity of TRUS but did not improve the overall accuracy or sensitivity. CONCLUSION PDI provides little prognostic utility to assess risk in prostate cancer. However, PDI might improve the specificity of TRUS in identifying prostate tumours and could have a role in image guidance for focal therapy of prostate cancer.
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