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Aschenbrenner B, Negro G, Savic D, Sorokin M, Buzdin A, Ganswindt U, Cemazar M, Sersa G, Skvortsov S, Skvortsova I. Simvastatin is effective in killing the radioresistant breast carcinoma cells. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:305-316. [PMID: 33939900 PMCID: PMC8366725 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins, small molecular 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, are widely used to lower cholesterol levels in lipid-metabolism disorders. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that statins exert beneficial effects in the management of breast cancer by increasing recurrence free survival. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS Simvastatin, one of the most widely prescribed lipophilic statins was utilized to investigate potential radiosensitizing effects and an impact on cell survival and migration in radioresistant breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS Compared to parental cell counterparts, radioresistant MDA-MB-231-RR, T47D-RR andAu565-RR cells were characterized by upregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutharyl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) expression accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation. Radioresistant breast cancer cells can be killed by simvastatin via mobilizing of a variety of pathways involved in apoptosis and autophagy. In the presence of simvastatin migratory abilities and vimentin expression is diminished while E-cadherin expression is increased. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that simvastatin may effectively eradicate radioresistant breast carcinoma cells and diminish their mesenchymal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Aschenbrenner
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
- EORTC PathoBiology GroupMoscow, Russia
| | - Giulia Negro
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
- EORTC PathoBiology GroupMoscow, Russia
| | - Dragana Savic
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
- EORTC PathoBiology GroupMoscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Sorokin
- EORTC PathoBiology GroupMoscow, Russia
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, USA
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- EORTC PathoBiology GroupMoscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Oncobox ltd., Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maja Cemazar
- EORTC PathoBiology GroupMoscow, Russia
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira Skvortsova
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
- EORTC PathoBiology GroupMoscow, Russia
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Liu T, Li B, Jiang Y, Zheng C, Zhang L, Wang Y. Screening and identification of novel specific markers of breast cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2262-2269. [PMID: 31452727 PMCID: PMC6676669 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Until recent years, triple negative breast cancer could be divided into 6 types according to different biomarkers with the development of sequence and microarray technology. However, these results rarely have therapeutic impact and still lack validation with the string criteria of clinical studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to screen novel markers of breast cancer stem cells and to verify the specificity in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, screening for phages specifically binding to breast cancer stem cells was performed, positive phage DNAs were extracted, and polypeptides were synthesized and labeled with FITC. The specificity of the polypeptides was identified in vitro and in vivo. Breast cancer stem cells were cultured and identified by flow cytometry. A phage random-peptide library was amplified and screened by culturing with breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells. The positive phage was identified by ELISA, and positive phage DNA was extracted. The DNA pellet was isolated and sent for external sequencing with the primer −96 gIII. Based on the sequencing results, a polypeptide was synthesized and labeled with FITC. The specificity to breast cancer stem cells was identified in vivo and vitro. Following three rounds of screening, the phage was enriched ~200-fold. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that two randomly selected phage clones, B8 and A3, had specific affinity to breast cancer stem cells. The results of the present study indicated that phage polypeptides that specifically bind to breast cancer stem cells were successfully screened through stem cell enrichment and phage display technology, which may be beneficial for targeted therapy and further study of breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Baojiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Zheng
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital/Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Yang B, Miao S, Li Y. SCUBE2 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulation of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Gene 2018; 672:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Fu W, Sun H, Zhao Y, Chen M, Yang L, Gao S, Li L, Jin W. Trends and outcomes of neoadjuvant radiotherapy compared with postoperative radiotherapy for malignant breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24525-24536. [PMID: 29849958 PMCID: PMC5966264 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although neoadjuvant treatment has become the established approach for women with large primary tumors or locally advanced breast cancer for which immediate surgery is not the best approach, it may also stimulate cancer stem cell self-renewal and facilitate recurrence. We sought to determine the survival outcomes of preoperative radiotherapy (PRRT) compared with postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). Materials and Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry was queried for patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent cancer-directed surgery. Survival analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazard regression for both overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS), and 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching-adjusted competing risk analyses were conducted for DSS. Results We first identified 1,111,218 eligible patients in 18 registries from 1973 to 2013 and found that, outside of the Utah registry, sequence patterns other than PORT were rarely used. Thus, we next identified eligible patients registered in Utah (n = 7,042) from 1988 to 2007. The treatment trends shifted abruptly in 1988. Compared with the PORT group, the PRRT group showed significantly higher risks of overall mortality (absolute difference, 22.4%; P < 0.001), breast cancer-specific mortality (absolute difference, 8.6%; P < 0.001), and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality (absolute difference, 11.5%; P = 0.021). Survival differences in treatment sequences were correlated with stage. Conclusions Substantial shifts in treatment patterns for malignant breast cancer were identified in Utah. Compared with PORT, PRRT showed significantly worse outcomes. These results could inform future standardized options for radiation sequence with surgery and further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hefen Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lipeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuiping Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liangdong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Konge J, Leteurtre F, Goislard M, Biard D, Morel-Altmeyer S, Vaurijoux A, Gruel G, Chevillard S, Lebeau J. Breast cancer stem cell-like cells generated during TGFβ-induced EMT are radioresistant. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23519-23531. [PMID: 29805752 PMCID: PMC5955125 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of conventional antitumor therapy is commonly associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are often defined as inherently resistant to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. However, controversy about the mechanisms involved in the radiation response remains and the inherent intrinsic radioresistance of CSCs has also been questioned. These discrepancies observed in the literature are strongly associated with the cell models used. In order to clarify these contradictory observations, we studied the radiosensitivity of breast CSCs using purified CD24−/low/CD44+ CSCs and their corresponding CD24+/CD44low non-stem cells. These cells were generated after induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (HMLE). Consequently, these 2 cellular subpopulations have an identical genetic background, their differences being related exclusively to TGFβ-induced cell reprogramming. We showed that mesenchymal CD24−/low/CD44+ CSCs are more resistant to radiation compared with CD24+/CD44low parental cells. Cell cycle distribution and free radical scavengers, but not DNA repair efficiency, appeared to be intrinsic determinants of cellular radiosensitivity. Finally, for the first time, we showed that reduced radiation-induced activation of the death receptor pathways (FasL, TRAIL and TNF-α) at the transcriptional level was a key causal event in the radioresistance of CD24−/low/CD44+ cells acquired during EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Konge
- CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DSV, iRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale (LCE), Université Paris-Saclay, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - François Leteurtre
- CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DSV, iRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale (LCE), Université Paris-Saclay, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maud Goislard
- CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DSV, iRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale (LCE), Université Paris-Saclay, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Denis Biard
- CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, SEPIA, Team Cellular Engineering and Human Syndromes, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sandrine Morel-Altmeyer
- CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DSV, iRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale (LCE), Université Paris-Saclay, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Aurélie Vaurijoux
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Gaetan Gruel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Chevillard
- CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DSV, iRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale (LCE), Université Paris-Saclay, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jérôme Lebeau
- CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DSV, iRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale (LCE), Université Paris-Saclay, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Targeting DNA double strand break repair with hyperthermia and DNA-PKcs inhibition to enhance the effect of radiation treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65504-65513. [PMID: 27602767 PMCID: PMC5323171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is based on the induction of lethal DNA damage, primarily DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Efficient DSB repair via Non-Homologous End Joining or Homologous Recombination can therefore undermine the efficacy of radiotherapy. By suppressing DNA-DSB repair with hyperthermia (HT) and DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7441 (DNA-PKcsi), we aim to enhance the effect of radiation. The sensitizing effect of HT for 1 hour at 42°C and DNA-PKcsi [1 μM] to radiation treatment was investigated in cervical and breast cancer cells, primary breast cancer sphere cells (BCSCs) enriched for cancer stem cells, and in an in vivo human tumor model. A significant radio-enhancement effect was observed for all cell types when DNA-PKcsi and HT were applied separately, and when both were combined, HT and DNA-PKcsi enhanced radio-sensitivity to an even greater extent. Strikingly, combined treatment resulted in significantly lower survival rates, 2 to 2.5 fold increase in apoptosis, more residual DNA-DSB 6 h post treatment and a G2-phase arrest. In addition, tumor growth analysis in vivo showed significant reduction in tumor growth and elevated caspase-3 activity when radiation was combined with HT and DNA-PKcsi compared to radiation alone. Importantly, no toxic side effects of HT or DNA-PKcsi were found. In conclusion, inhibiting DNA-DSB repair using HT and DNA-PKcsi before radiotherapy leads to enhanced cytotoxicity in cancer cells. This effect was even noticed in the more radio-resistant BCSCs, which are clearly sensitized by combined treatment. Therefore, the addition of HT and DNA-PKcsi to conventional radiotherapy is promising and might contribute to more efficient tumor control and patient outcome.
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Bailleul-Dubois J, Bidan N, Le Bourhis X, Lagadec C. Effet de la radiothérapie sur les cellules souches cancéreuses de cancer du sein : résistance, reprogrammation et traitements. ONCOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-017-2699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Whitley MJ, Weissleder R, Kirsch DG. Tailoring Adjuvant Radiation Therapy by Intraoperative Imaging to Detect Residual Cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol 2015; 25:313-21. [PMID: 26384279 PMCID: PMC4575408 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
For many solid cancers, radiation therapy is offered as an adjuvant to surgical resection to lower rates of local recurrence and improve survival. However, a subset of patients treated with surgery alone will not have a local recurrence. Currently, there is no way to accurately determine which patients have microscopic residual disease in the tumor bed after surgery and therefore are most likely to benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy. To address this problem, a number of technologies have been developed to try to improve margin assessment of resected tissue and to detect residual cancer in the tumor bed. Moreover, some of these approaches have been translated from the preclinical arena into clinical trials. Here, we review different types of intraoperative molecular imaging systems for cancer. Optical imaging techniques like epi-illumination, fluorescence molecular tomography and optoacoustic imaging can be coupled with exogenous fluorescent imaging probes that accumulate in tumors passively via the enhanced permeability and retention effect or are targeted to tumor tissues based on affinity or enzyme activity. In these approaches, detection of fluorescence in the tumor bed may indicate residual disease. Protease activated probes have generated great interest because of their potential for leading to high tumor to normal contrast. Recently, the first Phase I clinical trial to assess the safety and activation of a protease activated probe was conducted. Spectroscopic methods like radiofrequency spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which are based on energy absorption and scattering, respectively, have also been tested in humans and are able to distinguish between normal and tumors tissues intraoperatively. Most recently, multimodal contrast agents have been developed that target tumors and contain both fluorescent dyes and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, allowing for preoperative planning and intraoperative margin assessment with a single contrast agent. Further clinical testing of these various intraoperative imaging approaches may lead to more accurate methods for margin assessment and the intraoperative detection of microscopic residual disease, which could guide further resection and the use of adjuvant radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodi J Whitley
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
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